Thorijum, ²Torij (Th)

hemijski element sa atomskim brojem 90

Atomic Number	90
Atomic Weight	232.0377
Maseni broj	232

Group
Period	7
Block	f

Proton	90 p⁺
Neutron	142 n⁰
Elektron	90 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Th (Thorijum, ²Torij)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	180 pm 288 pm
Molarni volumen	19,8 cm³/mol
covalent radius	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionski radijus	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120,9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134,9 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339,6 pm
gustoća	11,7 g/cm³

Chemical Property

energija

proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy	6,3067 eV/particle 11,9 eV/particle 18,32 eV/particle 28,648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69,1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1.010 eV/particle 1.090 eV/particle 1.160 eV/particle 1.240 eV/particle 1.310 eV/particle 1.380 eV/particle 1.460 eV/particle 1.530 eV/particle 1.600 eV/particle 1.680 eV/particle 1.760 eV/particle 1.830 eV/particle 1.910 eV/particle 2.000 eV/particle 2.060 eV/particle 2.390 eV/particle 2.455 eV/particle 2.524 eV/particle 2.598 eV/particle 2.669 eV/particle 2.737 eV/particle 2.860 eV/particle 2.935 eV/particle 3.013 eV/particle 3.086 eV/particle 3.375 eV/particle 3.445 eV/particle 3.522 eV/particle 3.593 eV/particle 3.943 eV/particle 4.025 eV/particle 4.230 eV/particle 4.313 eV/particle 6.972 eV/particle 7.130 eV/particle 7.299 eV/particle 7.480 eV/particle 7.650 eV/particle 7.820 eV/particle 8.180 eV/particle 8.350 eV/particle 8.550 eV/particle 8.720 eV/particle 9.220 eV/particle 9.370 eV/particle 9.540 eV/particle 9.690 eV/particle 10.790 eV/particle 10.970 eV/particle 11.340 eV/particle 11.510 eV/particle 24.060 eV/particle 24.480 eV/particle 24.940 eV/particle 25.360 eV/particle 29.410 eV/particle 29.970 eV/particle 30.680 eV/particle 31.122,8 eV/particle 123.086,4 eV/particle 125.253,4 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja	513,7 kJ/mol
toplota topljenja	16,11 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	602 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

Valentni elektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²

oksidacijsko stanje	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	5.058,15 K
Melting Point	2.023,15 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka
appearance
boja	Silver #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion	0,000011 1/K
molar heat capacity	27,32 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,118 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	6,7 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000015 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost	1,38 K
Magnetizam
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000072 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,0000000017 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,000084
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka
Néel temperature
struktura
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
lattice constant	5,08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
bulk modulus	54 GPa
shear modulus	31 GPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,27
Brzina zvuka	2.490 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Actinides, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section	7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,001
Kvantni brojevi	3F2
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	32
Natural Isotopes	2

²⁰⁸Th

Maseni broj	208
broj neutrona	118
Relative Atomic Mass	208,017915348 ± 0,000034208 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,4 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

Maseni broj	209
broj neutrona	119
Relative Atomic Mass	209,017601 ± 0,000111 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁰Th

Maseni broj	210
broj neutrona	120
Relative Atomic Mass	210,015093515 ± 0,000020299 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	16 ± 3,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹¹Th

Maseni broj	211
broj neutrona	121
Relative Atomic Mass	211,014896923 ± 0,000092399 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	48 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹²Th

Maseni broj	212
broj neutrona	122
Relative Atomic Mass	212,01300157 ± 0,000010852 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	31,7 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹³Th

Maseni broj	213
broj neutrona	123
Relative Atomic Mass	213,01301147 ± 0,000009895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	144 ± 21 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁴Th

Maseni broj	214
broj neutrona	124
Relative Atomic Mass	214,01148148 ± 0,000011445 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	87 ± 10 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁵Th

Maseni broj	215
broj neutrona	125
Relative Atomic Mass	215,01172464 ± 0,0000068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,35 ± 0,14 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

Maseni broj	216
broj neutrona	126
Relative Atomic Mass	216,011055933 ± 0,00001192 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	26,28 ± 0,16 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁷Th

Maseni broj	217
broj neutrona	127
Relative Atomic Mass	217,013103443 ± 0,000011394 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	248 ± 4 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

Maseni broj	218
broj neutrona	128
Relative Atomic Mass	218,013276248 ± 0,000011289 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	122 ± 5 ns
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

Maseni broj	219
broj neutrona	129
Relative Atomic Mass	219,015526432 ± 0,000060611 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,023 ± 0,018 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²²⁰Th

Maseni broj	220
broj neutrona	130
Relative Atomic Mass	220,015769866 ± 0,000014693 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	10,2 ± 0,3 us
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²¹Th

Maseni broj	221
broj neutrona	131
Relative Atomic Mass	221,018185757 ± 0,000008582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,75 ± 0,02 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

Maseni broj	222
broj neutrona	132
Relative Atomic Mass	222,01846822 ± 0,000010966 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,24 ± 0,03 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²³Th

Maseni broj	223
broj neutrona	133
Relative Atomic Mass	223,020811083 ± 0,000008527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	600 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1952
parity

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

Maseni broj	224
broj neutrona	134
Relative Atomic Mass	224,021466137 ± 0,00001031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,04 ± 0,02 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

²²⁵Th

Maseni broj	225
broj neutrona	135
Relative Atomic Mass	225,023950975 ± 0,000005467 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	8,75 ± 0,04 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²⁶Th

Maseni broj	226
broj neutrona	136
Relative Atomic Mass	226,024903699 ± 0,00000481 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	30,7 ± 0,03 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

Maseni broj	227
broj neutrona	137
Relative Atomic Mass	227,027702546 ± 0,000002241 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	18,693 ± 0,004 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1906
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

Maseni broj	228
broj neutrona	138
Relative Atomic Mass	228,028739741 ± 0,000001938 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1905
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

Maseni broj	229
broj neutrona	139
Relative Atomic Mass	229,031761357 ± 0,000002581 Da
g-factor	0,184 ± 0,016
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7,916 ± 0,017 ky
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,11 ± 0,06
datum otkrića	1947
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

Maseni broj	230
broj neutrona	140
Relative Atomic Mass	230,033132267 ± 0,000001297 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,02 ± 0,02
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	75,4 ± 0,3 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1907
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

Maseni broj	231
broj neutrona	141
Relative Atomic Mass	231,036302764 ± 0,000001306 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	25,52 ± 0,01 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1911
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

Maseni broj	232
broj neutrona	142
Relative Atomic Mass	232,038053606 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	99,98 ± 0,02
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	14 ± 0,1 Gy
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1898
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²³³Th

Maseni broj	233
broj neutrona	143
Relative Atomic Mass	233,041580126 ± 0,000001528 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,83 ± 0,04 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1935
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

Maseni broj	234
broj neutrona	144
Relative Atomic Mass	234,043599801 ± 0,000002779 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	24,107 ± 0,024 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1900
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)

²³⁵Th

Maseni broj	235
broj neutrona	145
Relative Atomic Mass	235,047255 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7,2 ± 0,1 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

Maseni broj	236
broj neutrona	146
Relative Atomic Mass	236,049657 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	37,3 ± 1,5 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

Maseni broj	237
broj neutrona	147
Relative Atomic Mass	237,053629 ± 0,000017 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	4,8 ± 0,5 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1993
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

Maseni broj	238
broj neutrona	148
Relative Atomic Mass	238,056388 ± 0,000304 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	9,4 ± 2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1999
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

Maseni broj	239
broj neutrona	149
Relative Atomic Mass	239,060655 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Jöns Berzelius
mjesto otkrića	Sweden
datum otkrića	1828
Etimologija	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
pronunciation	THOR-i-em (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	9,6 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	0,000001 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)	0 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	0,0000039 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,00000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Thorijum, ²Torij on ChemicalAid

AAT identifikator	300379770
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3585
BNCF pojmovnik	37628
BNF kod	11977429t
CAB ID	7540
CAS broj	7440-29-1
ChEBI ID	33385
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6029759
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID6049800
Den Store Danske ID	thorium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.308
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/thorium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	topic/helium-uranium-thorium-dating
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	thorium
GND	4185331-3
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0239406
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0146927
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4198022
HSDB ID	864
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0029215
ICSC ID	0337
ID Quora teme	Thorium
ID na KBpediji	Thorium
InChIKey	ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChl	InChI=1S/Th
KEGG ID	C19157
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/TORI.html
LCCN	sh85134957
LEM ID	LEM201013005
MeSH ID	D013910
NKC identifikator	ph543054
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007534013905171
OmegaWiki određeno značenje	365213
OpenAlex ID	C527038400
PSH ID	5764
PubChem ID (CID)	23960
RxNorm ID	1534769
Römpp online ID	RD-20-01588
Store medisinske leksikon ID	thorium
Store norske leksikon ID	thorium
Treccani ID	torio
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/5019
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	430967
UNESCO Thesaurus ID	concept14024
UNII	60YU5MIG9W
USGS Thesaurus ID	1593
Web NDL autoriteti	00573342
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14682288-n
YSO ID	21744
broj na Freebaseu	/m/025sk62

Thorijum, ²Torij (Th)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Thorium

208Th

209Th

210Th

211Th

212Th

213Th

214Th

215Th

216Th

217Th

218Th

219Th

220Th

221Th

222Th

223Th

224Th

225Th

226Th

227Th

228Th

229Th

230Th

231Th

232Th

233Th

234Th

235Th

236Th

237Th

238Th

239Th

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁰⁸Th

²⁰⁹Th

²¹⁰Th

²¹¹Th

²¹²Th

²¹³Th

²¹⁴Th

²¹⁵Th

²¹⁶Th

²¹⁷Th

²¹⁸Th

²¹⁹Th

²²⁰Th

²²¹Th

²²²Th

²²³Th

²²⁴Th

²²⁵Th

²²⁶Th

²²⁷Th

²²⁸Th

²²⁹Th

²³⁰Th

²³¹Th

²³²Th

²³³Th

²³⁴Th

²³⁵Th

²³⁶Th

²³⁷Th

²³⁸Th

²³⁹Th