Torioa (Th)

90 zenbaki atomikoa duen elementu kimikoa

Atomic Number	90
Atomic Weight	232.0377
masa-zenbaki	232

Group
Period	7
Block	f

protoi	90 p⁺
neutroi	142 n⁰
elektroi	90 e^-

Animated Bohrren eredu atomikoa of Th (Torioa)

Propietate Fisiko

Erradio Atomiko	180 pm 288 pm
bolumen molar	19,8 cm³/mol
Erradio Kobalente	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
Erradio ioniko	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120,9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134,9 pm
Van der Waalsen erradio	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339,6 pm
dentsitatea	11,7 g/cm³

Magnitude Fisiko

{ERROR}

energia

proton affinity
Afinitate elektroniko
ionizazio energia	6,3067 eV/particle 11,9 eV/particle 18,32 eV/particle 28,648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69,1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1.010 eV/particle 1.090 eV/particle 1.160 eV/particle 1.240 eV/particle 1.310 eV/particle 1.380 eV/particle 1.460 eV/particle 1.530 eV/particle 1.600 eV/particle 1.680 eV/particle 1.760 eV/particle 1.830 eV/particle 1.910 eV/particle 2.000 eV/particle 2.060 eV/particle 2.390 eV/particle 2.455 eV/particle 2.524 eV/particle 2.598 eV/particle 2.669 eV/particle 2.737 eV/particle 2.860 eV/particle 2.935 eV/particle 3.013 eV/particle 3.086 eV/particle 3.375 eV/particle 3.445 eV/particle 3.522 eV/particle 3.593 eV/particle 3.943 eV/particle 4.025 eV/particle 4.230 eV/particle 4.313 eV/particle 6.972 eV/particle 7.130 eV/particle 7.299 eV/particle 7.480 eV/particle 7.650 eV/particle 7.820 eV/particle 8.180 eV/particle 8.350 eV/particle 8.550 eV/particle 8.720 eV/particle 9.220 eV/particle 9.370 eV/particle 9.540 eV/particle 9.690 eV/particle 10.790 eV/particle 10.970 eV/particle 11.340 eV/particle 11.510 eV/particle 24.060 eV/particle 24.480 eV/particle 24.940 eV/particle 25.360 eV/particle 29.410 eV/particle 29.970 eV/particle 30.680 eV/particle 31.122,8 eV/particle 123.086,4 eV/particle 125.253,4 eV/particle

Irakite-entalpia	513,7 kJ/mol
urtze-entalpia	16,11 kJ/mol
formazio entalpia estandarra	602 kJ/mol
elektroi

elektroi geruza	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

balentzia-elektroi	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²

Oxidazio-egoera	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegatibotasun	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity Index
materiaren funtsezko egoera

materiaren egoera
materiaren egoera gaseoso
Boiling Point	5.058,15 K
Melting Point	2.023,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Puntu hirukoitz
appearance
kolore	Black #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
errefrakzio-indize
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
Bero-dilatazio	0,000011 1/K
molar heat capacity	27,32 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,118 J/(g⋅K)
indize adiabatiko
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Eroankortasun elektriko	6,7 MS/m
Erresistibitate elektriko	0,00000015 Ω*m
Supereroankortasun	1,38 K
Magnetismo
type	paramagnetic
suszeptibilitate magnetiko (Mass)	0,0000000072 m³/Kg
suszeptibilitate magnetiko (Molar)	0,0000000017 m³/mol
suszeptibilitate magnetiko (Volume)	0,000084
magnetic ordering
Curieren tenperatura
Néel temperature
egitura
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
materialen propietate mekaniko
Gogortasun	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
konprimagarritasun-modulu	54 GPa
Zizaila modulua	31 GPa
Youngen modulu	79 GPa
Poissonen modulu	0,27
Soinuaren lastertasun	2.490 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

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Gas Basicity
polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section	7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,001
zenbaki kuantiko	3F2
talde espazial	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	32
Natural Isotopes	2

²⁰⁸Th

masa-zenbaki	208
neutron number	118
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	208,017915348 ± 0,000034208 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	2,4 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

masa-zenbaki	209
neutron number	119
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	209,017601 ± 0,000111 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁰Th

masa-zenbaki	210
neutron number	120
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	210,015093515 ± 0,000020299 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	16 ± 3,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹¹Th

masa-zenbaki	211
neutron number	121
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	211,014896923 ± 0,000092399 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	48 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹²Th

masa-zenbaki	212
neutron number	122
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	212,01300157 ± 0,000010852 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	31,7 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹³Th

masa-zenbaki	213
neutron number	123
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	213,01301147 ± 0,000009895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	144 ± 21 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁴Th

masa-zenbaki	214
neutron number	124
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	214,01148148 ± 0,000011445 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	87 ± 10 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁵Th

masa-zenbaki	215
neutron number	125
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	215,01172464 ± 0,0000068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	1,35 ± 0,14 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

masa-zenbaki	216
neutron number	126
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	216,011055933 ± 0,00001192 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	26,28 ± 0,16 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁷Th

masa-zenbaki	217
neutron number	127
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	217,013103443 ± 0,000011394 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	248 ± 4 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

masa-zenbaki	218
neutron number	128
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	218,013276248 ± 0,000011289 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	122 ± 5 ns
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

masa-zenbaki	219
neutron number	129
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	219,015526432 ± 0,000060611 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	1,023 ± 0,018 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²²⁰Th

masa-zenbaki	220
neutron number	130
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	220,015769866 ± 0,000014693 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	10,2 ± 0,3 us
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²¹Th

masa-zenbaki	221
neutron number	131
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	221,018185757 ± 0,000008582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	1,75 ± 0,02 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

masa-zenbaki	222
neutron number	132
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	222,01846822 ± 0,000010966 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	2,24 ± 0,03 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²³Th

masa-zenbaki	223
neutron number	133
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	223,020811083 ± 0,000008527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	600 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1952
parity

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

masa-zenbaki	224
neutron number	134
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	224,021466137 ± 0,00001031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	1,04 ± 0,02 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

²²⁵Th

masa-zenbaki	225
neutron number	135
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	225,023950975 ± 0,000005467 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	8,75 ± 0,04 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²⁶Th

masa-zenbaki	226
neutron number	136
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	226,024903699 ± 0,00000481 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	30,7 ± 0,03 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

masa-zenbaki	227
neutron number	137
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	227,027702546 ± 0,000002241 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	18,693 ± 0,004 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1906
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

masa-zenbaki	228
neutron number	138
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	228,028739741 ± 0,000001938 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1905
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

masa-zenbaki	229
neutron number	139
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	229,031761357 ± 0,000002581 Da
g-factor	0,184 ± 0,016
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	7,916 ± 0,017 ky
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,11 ± 0,06
aurkikuntza-data	1947
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

masa-zenbaki	230
neutron number	140
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	230,033132267 ± 0,000001297 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,02 ± 0,02
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	75,4 ± 0,3 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1907
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

masa-zenbaki	231
neutron number	141
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	231,036302764 ± 0,000001306 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	25,52 ± 0,01 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1911
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

masa-zenbaki	232
neutron number	142
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	232,038053606 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	99,98 ± 0,02
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	14 ± 0,1 Gy
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1898
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²³³Th

masa-zenbaki	233
neutron number	143
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	233,041580126 ± 0,000001528 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	21,83 ± 0,04 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1935
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

masa-zenbaki	234
neutron number	144
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	234,043599801 ± 0,000002779 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	24,107 ± 0,024 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1900
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)

²³⁵Th

masa-zenbaki	235
neutron number	145
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	235,047255 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	7,2 ± 0,1 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

masa-zenbaki	236
neutron number	146
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	236,049657 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	37,3 ± 1,5 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

masa-zenbaki	237
neutron number	147
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	237,053629 ± 0,000017 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	4,8 ± 0,5 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data	1993
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

masa-zenbaki	238
neutron number	148
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	238,056388 ± 0,000304 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo	9,4 ± 2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
aurkikuntza-data	1999
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

masa-zenbaki	239
neutron number	149
Atomo-Masa Erlatibo	239,060655 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
desintegrazio erradioaktibo	☢️ radioactive element
Semidesintegrazio-periodo
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
aurkikuntza-data
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historia

aurkitzailea edo asmatzailea	Jöns Berzelius
aurkikuntzaren lekua	Sweden
aurkikuntza-data	1828
etimologia	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
pronunciation	THOR-i-em (ingelesa)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	9,6 mg/kg
natural abundance (ozeano)	0,000001 mg/L
natural abundance (gizakiaren gorputza)	0 %
natural abundance (Meteoroide)	0,0000039 %
natural abundance (Eguzkia)	0,00000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Torioa on ChemicalAid

Torioa (Th)

Propietate Fisiko

Magnitude Fisiko

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Isotopes of Thorium

208Th

209Th

210Th

211Th

212Th

213Th

214Th

215Th

216Th

217Th

218Th

219Th

220Th

221Th

222Th

223Th

224Th

225Th

226Th

227Th

228Th

229Th

230Th

231Th

232Th

233Th

234Th

235Th

236Th

237Th

238Th

239Th

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁰⁸Th

²⁰⁹Th

²¹⁰Th

²¹¹Th

²¹²Th

²¹³Th

²¹⁴Th

²¹⁵Th

²¹⁶Th

²¹⁷Th

²¹⁸Th

²¹⁹Th

²²⁰Th

²²¹Th

²²²Th

²²³Th

²²⁴Th

²²⁵Th

²²⁶Th

²²⁷Th

²²⁸Th

²²⁹Th

²³⁰Th

²³¹Th

²³²Th

²³³Th

²³⁴Th

²³⁵Th

²³⁶Th

²³⁷Th

²³⁸Th

²³⁹Th