Torij (Th)

chemical element with the atomic number of 90

Atomski broj	90
Relativna atomska masa	232.0377
Maseni broj	232

Skupina
Perioda	7
Blok	f

proton	90 p⁺
neutron	142 n⁰
elektron	90 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Th (Torij)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	180 pm 288 pm
Molni volumen	19,8 cm³/mol
Kovalentni Radijus	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionski radijus	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120,9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134,9 pm
Van der Waals radius	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339,6 pm
gustoća	11,7 g/cm³

Kemijsko Svojstvo

{ERROR}

energija

proton affinity
Elektronski afinitet
ionization energy	6,3067 eV/particle 11,9 eV/particle 18,32 eV/particle 28,648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69,1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1.010 eV/particle 1.090 eV/particle 1.160 eV/particle 1.240 eV/particle 1.310 eV/particle 1.380 eV/particle 1.460 eV/particle 1.530 eV/particle 1.600 eV/particle 1.680 eV/particle 1.760 eV/particle 1.830 eV/particle 1.910 eV/particle 2.000 eV/particle 2.060 eV/particle 2.390 eV/particle 2.455 eV/particle 2.524 eV/particle 2.598 eV/particle 2.669 eV/particle 2.737 eV/particle 2.860 eV/particle 2.935 eV/particle 3.013 eV/particle 3.086 eV/particle 3.375 eV/particle 3.445 eV/particle 3.522 eV/particle 3.593 eV/particle 3.943 eV/particle 4.025 eV/particle 4.230 eV/particle 4.313 eV/particle 6.972 eV/particle 7.130 eV/particle 7.299 eV/particle 7.480 eV/particle 7.650 eV/particle 7.820 eV/particle 8.180 eV/particle 8.350 eV/particle 8.550 eV/particle 8.720 eV/particle 9.220 eV/particle 9.370 eV/particle 9.540 eV/particle 9.690 eV/particle 10.790 eV/particle 10.970 eV/particle 11.340 eV/particle 11.510 eV/particle 24.060 eV/particle 24.480 eV/particle 24.940 eV/particle 25.360 eV/particle 29.410 eV/particle 29.970 eV/particle 30.680 eV/particle 31.122,8 eV/particle 123.086,4 eV/particle 125.253,4 eV/particle

Toplina isparivanja	513,7 kJ/mol
toplina taljenja	16,11 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	602 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronska ljuska	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²

Oksidacijski broj	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje
gaseous state of matter
Vrelište	5.058,15 K
Talište	2.023,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Trojna točka
appearance
boja	Crna #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Toplinska vodljivost
Toplinsko istezanje	0,000011 1/K
molar heat capacity	27,32 J/(mol K)
Specifični toplinski kapacitet	0,118 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	6,7 MS/m
Električna otpornost i provodnost	0,00000015 Ω*m
Supravodljivost	1,38 K
Magnetizam
type	paramagnetic
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Mass)	0,0000000072 m³/Kg
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Molar)	0,0000000017 m³/mol
Magnetna susceptibilnost (Volume)	0,000084
magnetic ordering
Curieva temperatura
Néel temperature
struktura
Kristalna struktura	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
bulk modulus	54 GPa
shear modulus	31 GPa
Youngov modul elastičnosti	79 GPa
Poissonov omjer	0,27
brzina zvuka	2.490 m/s
classification
Kategorija	Aktinoidi, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Nuklearni udarni presjek	7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,001
Kvantni brojevi	3F2
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stabilni izotopi	0
Nestabilni izotopi	32
Natural Isotopes	2

²⁰⁸Th

Maseni broj	208
neutron number	118
Relativna Atomska Masa	208,017915348 ± 0,000034208 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,4 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	2010
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

Maseni broj	209
neutron number	119
Relativna Atomska Masa	209,017601 ± 0,000111 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma
Parnost	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁰Th

Maseni broj	210
neutron number	120
Relativna Atomska Masa	210,015093515 ± 0,000020299 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	16 ± 3,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1995
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹¹Th

Maseni broj	211
neutron number	121
Relativna Atomska Masa	211,014896923 ± 0,000092399 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	48 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1995
Parnost	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹²Th

Maseni broj	212
neutron number	122
Relativna Atomska Masa	212,01300157 ± 0,000010852 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	31,7 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1980
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹³Th

Maseni broj	213
neutron number	123
Relativna Atomska Masa	213,01301147 ± 0,000009895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	144 ± 21 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1968
Parnost	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁴Th

Maseni broj	214
neutron number	124
Relativna Atomska Masa	214,01148148 ± 0,000011445 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	87 ± 10 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1968
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁵Th

Maseni broj	215
neutron number	125
Relativna Atomska Masa	215,01172464 ± 0,0000068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,35 ± 0,14 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1968
Parnost	-

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

Maseni broj	216
neutron number	126
Relativna Atomska Masa	216,011055933 ± 0,00001192 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	26,28 ± 0,16 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1968
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁷Th

Maseni broj	217
neutron number	127
Relativna Atomska Masa	217,013103443 ± 0,000011394 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	248 ± 4 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1968
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

Maseni broj	218
neutron number	128
Relativna Atomska Masa	218,013276248 ± 0,000011289 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	122 ± 5 ns
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1973
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

Maseni broj	219
neutron number	129
Relativna Atomska Masa	219,015526432 ± 0,000060611 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,023 ± 0,018 us
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1973
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²²⁰Th

Maseni broj	220
neutron number	130
Relativna Atomska Masa	220,015769866 ± 0,000014693 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	10,2 ± 0,3 us
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1973
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²¹Th

Maseni broj	221
neutron number	131
Relativna Atomska Masa	221,018185757 ± 0,000008582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,75 ± 0,02 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1970
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

Maseni broj	222
neutron number	132
Relativna Atomska Masa	222,01846822 ± 0,000010966 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,24 ± 0,03 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1970
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²³Th

Maseni broj	223
neutron number	133
Relativna Atomska Masa	223,020811083 ± 0,000008527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	600 ± 20 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1952
Parnost

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

Maseni broj	224
neutron number	134
Relativna Atomska Masa	224,021466137 ± 0,00001031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,04 ± 0,02 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1949
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

²²⁵Th

Maseni broj	225
neutron number	135
Relativna Atomska Masa	225,023950975 ± 0,000005467 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	8,75 ± 0,04 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1949
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²⁶Th

Maseni broj	226
neutron number	136
Relativna Atomska Masa	226,024903699 ± 0,00000481 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	30,7 ± 0,03 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1948
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

Maseni broj	227
neutron number	137
Relativna Atomska Masa	227,027702546 ± 0,000002241 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	18,693 ± 0,004 d
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1906
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

Maseni broj	228
neutron number	138
Relativna Atomska Masa	228,028739741 ± 0,000001938 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1905
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

Maseni broj	229
neutron number	139
Relativna Atomska Masa	229,031761357 ± 0,000002581 Da
g-factor	0,184 ± 0,016
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7,916 ± 0,017 ky
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,11 ± 0,06
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1947
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

Maseni broj	230
neutron number	140
Relativna Atomska Masa	230,033132267 ± 0,000001297 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,02 ± 0,02
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	75,4 ± 0,3 ky
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1907
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

Maseni broj	231
neutron number	141
Relativna Atomska Masa	231,036302764 ± 0,000001306 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	25,52 ± 0,01 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1911
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

Maseni broj	232
neutron number	142
Relativna Atomska Masa	232,038053606 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	99,98 ± 0,02
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	14 ± 0,1 Gy
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1898
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²³³Th

Maseni broj	233
neutron number	143
Relativna Atomska Masa	233,041580126 ± 0,000001528 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21,83 ± 0,04 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1935
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

Maseni broj	234
neutron number	144
Relativna Atomska Masa	234,043599801 ± 0,000002779 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	24,107 ± 0,024 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1900
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)

²³⁵Th

Maseni broj	235
neutron number	145
Relativna Atomska Masa	235,047255 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7,2 ± 0,1 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1969
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

Maseni broj	236
neutron number	146
Relativna Atomska Masa	236,049657 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	37,3 ± 1,5 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1973
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

Maseni broj	237
neutron number	147
Relativna Atomska Masa	237,053629 ± 0,000017 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	4,8 ± 0,5 m
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1993
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

Maseni broj	238
neutron number	148
Relativna Atomska Masa	238,056388 ± 0,000304 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	9,4 ± 2 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1999
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

Maseni broj	239
neutron number	149
Relativna Atomska Masa	239,060655 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma
Parnost	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

povijest

otkrio/izumio	Jöns Berzelius
location of discovery	Sweden
vrijeme otkrića ili izuma	1828
Etimologija	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
pronunciation	THOR-i-em (engleski)

source

Obilnost
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori	9,6 mg/kg
natural abundance (ocean)	0,000001 mg/L
natural abundance (tijelo)	0 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,0000039 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,00000003 %
Zastupljenost u svemiru	0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Torij on ChemicalAid

Torij (Th)

Physical Property

Kemijsko Svojstvo

other

Isotopes of Thorium

208Th

209Th

210Th

211Th

212Th

213Th

214Th

215Th

216Th

217Th

218Th

219Th

220Th

221Th

222Th

223Th

224Th

225Th

226Th

227Th

228Th

229Th

230Th

231Th

232Th

233Th

234Th

235Th

236Th

237Th

238Th

239Th

povijest

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁰⁸Th

²⁰⁹Th

²¹⁰Th

²¹¹Th

²¹²Th

²¹³Th

²¹⁴Th

²¹⁵Th

²¹⁶Th

²¹⁷Th

²¹⁸Th

²¹⁹Th

²²⁰Th

²²¹Th

²²²Th

²²³Th

²²⁴Th

²²⁵Th

²²⁶Th

²²⁷Th

²²⁸Th

²²⁹Th

²³⁰Th

²³¹Th

²³²Th

²³³Th

²³⁴Th

²³⁵Th

²³⁶Th

²³⁷Th

²³⁸Th

²³⁹Th