Tolu

Tolu (Th)

chemical element with the atomic number of 90
Atomic Number90
Atomic Weight232.0377
mass number232
Group
Period7
Blockf
Proton90 p+
Netron142 n0
Eléktron90 e-
Animated Bohr model of Th (Tolu)

Physical Property

Atomic Radius
molar volume
covalent radius
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals radius
density
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Tolu0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

molungé
proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy
ionization energy of Th (Tolu)
enthalpy of vaporization
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
Eléktron
electron shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Bohr model: Th (Tolu)
valence electron2
Lewis structure: Th (Tolu)
electron configuration[Rn] 6d2 7s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 6d2 7s2
Enhanced Bohr model of Th (Tolu)
Orbital Diagram of Th (Tolu)
oxidation number-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
electronegativity
1.3
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
Melting Point
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Lángi
Silver
appearancesilvery, often with black tarnish
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
electrical resistivity
superconductivity
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0,0000000072 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0,0000000017 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0,000084
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal StructureFace Centered Cubic (FCC)
lattice constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
0,27
speed of sound
classification
CategoryActinides, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number34
Mendeleev Number16
Pettifor Number47
Geochemical Classrare earth & related
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section
7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,001
quantum number3F2
space group225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stable Isotopes0
Unstable Isotopes32
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition23299.98%23299.98%2300.02%2300.02%

208Th

mass number208
neutron number118
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2,4 ± 1,2 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention2010
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

209Th

mass number209
neutron number119
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

210Th

mass number210
neutron number120
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
16 ± 3,6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1995
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

211Th

mass number211
neutron number121
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
48 ± 20 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1995
parity-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

212Th

mass number212
neutron number122
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
31,7 ± 1,3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1980
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

213Th

mass number213
neutron number123
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
144 ± 21 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1968
parity-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

214Th

mass number214
neutron number124
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
87 ± 10 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1968
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

215Th

mass number215
neutron number125
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1,35 ± 0,14 s
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1968
parity-

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

216Th

mass number216
neutron number126
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
26,28 ± 0,16 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1968
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

217Th

mass number217
neutron number127
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
248 ± 4 us
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1968
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

218Th

mass number218
neutron number128
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
122 ± 5 ns
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

219Th

mass number219
neutron number129
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1,023 ± 0,018 us
spin9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)

220Th

mass number220
neutron number130
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
10,2 ± 0,3 us
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
ϵ (electron capture)

221Th

mass number221
neutron number131
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1,75 ± 0,02 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1970
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

222Th

mass number222
neutron number132
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
2,24 ± 0,03 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1970
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
ϵ (electron capture)

223Th

mass number223
neutron number133
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
600 ± 20 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1952
parity

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

224Th

mass number224
neutron number134
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1,04 ± 0,02 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1949
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
+ (double β+ decay)

225Th

mass number225
neutron number135
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
8,75 ± 0,04 m
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1949
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)90%
ϵ (electron capture)

226Th

mass number226
neutron number136
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
30,7 ± 0,03 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1948
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
18O3.2%

227Th

mass number227
neutron number137
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
18,693 ± 0,004 d
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1906
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

228Th

mass number228
neutron number138
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1905
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
20O1.13%

229Th

mass number229
neutron number139
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0,184 ± 0,016
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
7,916 ± 0,017 ky
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
3,11 ± 0,06
time of discovery or invention1947
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%

230Th

mass number230
neutron number140
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
0,02 ± 0,02
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
75,4 ± 0,3 ky
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1907
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
SF (spontaneous fission)4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)5.8%

231Th

mass number231
neutron number141
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
25,52 ± 0,01 h
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1911
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

232Th

mass number232
neutron number142
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
99,98 ± 0,02
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
14 ± 0,1 Gy
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1898
parity+

decay modeintensity
α (α emission)100%
SF (spontaneous fission)1.1%
26Ne2.78%
(double β decay)

233Th

mass number233
neutron number143
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
21,83 ± 0,04 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1935
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

234Th

mass number234
neutron number144
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
24,107 ± 0,024 d
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1900
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%
α (α emission)

235Th

mass number235
neutron number145
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
7,2 ± 0,1 m
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1969
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

236Th

mass number236
neutron number146
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
37,3 ± 1,5 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1973
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

237Th

mass number237
neutron number147
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
4,8 ± 0,5 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention1993
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

238Th

mass number238
neutron number148
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
0
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
9,4 ± 2 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
time of discovery or invention1999
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)100%

239Th

mass number239
neutron number149
Relative Atomic Mass
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity+

decay modeintensity
β (β decay)
Thorium sample 0.1g

lisoló

discoverer or inventorJöns Berzelius
location of discoverySweden
time of discovery or invention1828
etymologyNamed for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
pronunciationTHOR-i-em (lingɛlɛ́sa)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (ocean)
natural abundance (human body)
0 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)
0,0000039 %
natural abundance (Mói)
0,00000003 %
Abundance in Universe
0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants