Torium, ²Thoriumi (Th)

komponim kimik

Atomic Number	90
Atomic Weight	232.0377
Numri i masës	232

Group
Period	7
Block	f

protoni	90 p⁺
neutroni	142 n⁰
elektroni	90 e^-

Animated Bohr model of Th (Torium, ²Thoriumi)

Tipar Fizik

Atomic Radius	180 pm 288 pm
molar volume	19,8 cm³/mol
covalent radius	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120,9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134,9 pm
Van der Waals radius	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339,6 pm
density	11,7 g/cm³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energjia

proton affinity
electron affinity
ionization energy	6,3067 eV/particle 11,9 eV/particle 18,32 eV/particle 28,648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69,1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1 010 eV/particle 1 090 eV/particle 1 160 eV/particle 1 240 eV/particle 1 310 eV/particle 1 380 eV/particle 1 460 eV/particle 1 530 eV/particle 1 600 eV/particle 1 680 eV/particle 1 760 eV/particle 1 830 eV/particle 1 910 eV/particle 2 000 eV/particle 2 060 eV/particle 2 390 eV/particle 2 455 eV/particle 2 524 eV/particle 2 598 eV/particle 2 669 eV/particle 2 737 eV/particle 2 860 eV/particle 2 935 eV/particle 3 013 eV/particle 3 086 eV/particle 3 375 eV/particle 3 445 eV/particle 3 522 eV/particle 3 593 eV/particle 3 943 eV/particle 4 025 eV/particle 4 230 eV/particle 4 313 eV/particle 6 972 eV/particle 7 130 eV/particle 7 299 eV/particle 7 480 eV/particle 7 650 eV/particle 7 820 eV/particle 8 180 eV/particle 8 350 eV/particle 8 550 eV/particle 8 720 eV/particle 9 220 eV/particle 9 370 eV/particle 9 540 eV/particle 9 690 eV/particle 10 790 eV/particle 10 970 eV/particle 11 340 eV/particle 11 510 eV/particle 24 060 eV/particle 24 480 eV/particle 24 940 eV/particle 25 360 eV/particle 29 410 eV/particle 29 970 eV/particle 30 680 eV/particle 31 122,8 eV/particle 123 086,4 eV/particle 125 253,4 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	513,7 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	16,11 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	602 kJ/mol
elektroni

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

konfigurimi i elektronit	[Rn] 6d² 7s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 6d² 7s²

oxidation number	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativiteti	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity Index
fundamental state of matter

gjendja agregate e materies
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	5 058,15 K
Melting Point	2 023,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
Ngjyra	Black #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
thermal expansion	0,000011 1/K
molar heat capacity	27,32 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,118 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	6,7 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000015 Ω*m
Superpërcjellshmëria	1,38 K
Magnetizimi
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000072 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,0000000017 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,000084
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strukturë
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
bulk modulus	54 GPa
shear modulus	31 GPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,27
Shpejtësia e zërit	2 490 m/s
klasifikim
Category	Actinides, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
allotrope
Neutron cross section	7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,001
numër kuantik	3F2
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Thorium

Stable Isotopes	0
Unstable Isotopes	32
Natural Isotopes	2

²⁰⁸Th

Numri i masës	208
numri i neutroneve	118
Relative Atomic Mass	208,017915348 ± 0,000034208 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,4 ± 1,2 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

Numri i masës	209
numri i neutroneve	119
Relative Atomic Mass	209,017601 ± 0,000111 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁰Th

Numri i masës	210
numri i neutroneve	120
Relative Atomic Mass	210,015093515 ± 0,000020299 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	16 ± 3,6 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹¹Th

Numri i masës	211
numri i neutroneve	121
Relative Atomic Mass	211,014896923 ± 0,000092399 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	48 ± 20 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1995
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹²Th

Numri i masës	212
numri i neutroneve	122
Relative Atomic Mass	212,01300157 ± 0,000010852 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	31,7 ± 1,3 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1980
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹³Th

Numri i masës	213
numri i neutroneve	123
Relative Atomic Mass	213,01301147 ± 0,000009895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	144 ± 21 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁴Th

Numri i masës	214
numri i neutroneve	124
Relative Atomic Mass	214,01148148 ± 0,000011445 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	87 ± 10 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁵Th

Numri i masës	215
numri i neutroneve	125
Relative Atomic Mass	215,01172464 ± 0,0000068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,35 ± 0,14 s
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

Numri i masës	216
numri i neutroneve	126
Relative Atomic Mass	216,011055933 ± 0,00001192 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	26,28 ± 0,16 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²¹⁷Th

Numri i masës	217
numri i neutroneve	127
Relative Atomic Mass	217,013103443 ± 0,000011394 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	248 ± 4 us
Spini	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

Numri i masës	218
numri i neutroneve	128
Relative Atomic Mass	218,013276248 ± 0,000011289 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	122 ± 5 ns
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

Numri i masës	219
numri i neutroneve	129
Relative Atomic Mass	219,015526432 ± 0,000060611 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,023 ± 0,018 us
Spini	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

²²⁰Th

Numri i masës	220
numri i neutroneve	130
Relative Atomic Mass	220,015769866 ± 0,000014693 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	10,2 ± 0,3 us
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²¹Th

Numri i masës	221
numri i neutroneve	131
Relative Atomic Mass	221,018185757 ± 0,000008582 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,75 ± 0,02 ms
Spini	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

Numri i masës	222
numri i neutroneve	132
Relative Atomic Mass	222,01846822 ± 0,000010966 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,24 ± 0,03 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²³Th

Numri i masës	223
numri i neutroneve	133
Relative Atomic Mass	223,020811083 ± 0,000008527 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	600 ± 20 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1952
parity

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

Numri i masës	224
numri i neutroneve	134
Relative Atomic Mass	224,021466137 ± 0,00001031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,04 ± 0,02 s
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

²²⁵Th

Numri i masës	225
numri i neutroneve	135
Relative Atomic Mass	225,023950975 ± 0,000005467 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8,75 ± 0,04 m
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1949
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)

²²⁶Th

Numri i masës	226
numri i neutroneve	136
Relative Atomic Mass	226,024903699 ± 0,00000481 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	30,7 ± 0,03 m
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

Numri i masës	227
numri i neutroneve	137
Relative Atomic Mass	227,027702546 ± 0,000002241 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	18,693 ± 0,004 d
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1906
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

Numri i masës	228
numri i neutroneve	138
Relative Atomic Mass	228,028739741 ± 0,000001938 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1905
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

Numri i masës	229
numri i neutroneve	139
Relative Atomic Mass	229,031761357 ± 0,000002581 Da
g-factor	0,184 ± 0,016
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	7,916 ± 0,017 ky
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,11 ± 0,06
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1947
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

Numri i masës	230
numri i neutroneve	140
Relative Atomic Mass	230,033132267 ± 0,000001297 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,02 ± 0,02
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	75,4 ± 0,3 ky
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1907
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

Numri i masës	231
numri i neutroneve	141
Relative Atomic Mass	231,036302764 ± 0,000001306 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	25,52 ± 0,01 h
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1911
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

Numri i masës	232
numri i neutroneve	142
Relative Atomic Mass	232,038053606 ± 0,000001525 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	99,98 ± 0,02
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14 ± 0,1 Gy
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1898
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

²³³Th

Numri i masës	233
numri i neutroneve	143
Relative Atomic Mass	233,041580126 ± 0,000001528 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21,83 ± 0,04 m
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1935
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

Numri i masës	234
numri i neutroneve	144
Relative Atomic Mass	234,043599801 ± 0,000002779 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	24,107 ± 0,024 d
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1900
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)

²³⁵Th

Numri i masës	235
numri i neutroneve	145
Relative Atomic Mass	235,047255 ± 0,000014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	7,2 ± 0,1 m
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1969
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

Numri i masës	236
numri i neutroneve	146
Relative Atomic Mass	236,049657 ± 0,000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	37,3 ± 1,5 m
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1973
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

Numri i masës	237
numri i neutroneve	147
Relative Atomic Mass	237,053629 ± 0,000017 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4,8 ± 0,5 m
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1993
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

Numri i masës	238
numri i neutroneve	148
Relative Atomic Mass	238,056388 ± 0,000304 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9,4 ± 2 m
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1999
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

Numri i masës	239
numri i neutroneve	149
Relative Atomic Mass	239,060655 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historia

zbulues	Jöns Berzelius
vendndodhja e zbulimit	Sweden
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1828
Etimologjia	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
pronunciation	THOR-i-em (anglisht)

burim

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	9,6 mg/kg
natural abundance (Oqeani)	0,000001 mg/L
natural abundance (Trupi i njeriut)	0 %
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,0000039 %
natural abundance (Diell)	0,00000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Torium, ²Thoriumi on ChemicalAid

Torium, ²Thoriumi (Th)

Tipar Fizik

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Thorium

208Th

209Th

210Th

211Th

212Th

213Th

214Th

215Th

216Th

217Th

218Th

219Th

220Th

221Th

222Th

223Th

224Th

225Th

226Th

227Th

228Th

229Th

230Th

231Th

232Th

233Th

234Th

235Th

236Th

237Th

238Th

239Th

historia

burim

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁰⁸Th

²⁰⁹Th

²¹⁰Th

²¹¹Th

²¹²Th

²¹³Th

²¹⁴Th

²¹⁵Th

²¹⁶Th

²¹⁷Th

²¹⁸Th

²¹⁹Th

²²⁰Th

²²¹Th

²²²Th

²²³Th

²²⁴Th

²²⁵Th

²²⁶Th

²²⁷Th

²²⁸Th

²²⁹Th

²³⁰Th

²³¹Th

²³²Th

²³³Th

²³⁴Th

²³⁵Th

²³⁶Th

²³⁷Th

²³⁸Th

²³⁹Th