Torium (Th)

grundämne

Atomnummer	90
Atommassa	232.0377
masstal	232

Grupp
Period	7
Block	f

Protoner	90 p⁺
Neutroner	142 n⁰
Electrons	90 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodell of Th (Torium)

Egenskaper

energi
atomradie	180 pm 288 pm
molvolym	19,8 cm³/mol
kovalent radie	175 pm 143 pm 136 pm 206 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius	94 pm 105 pm 109 pm 113 pm 118 pm 121 pm 120,9 pm
Crystal Radius	108 pm 119 pm 123 pm 127 pm 132 pm 135 pm 134,9 pm
Van der Waalsradie	240 pm 245 pm 274 pm 339,6 pm
densitet	11,7 g/cm³
proton affinity
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi	6,3067 eV/particle 11,9 eV/particle 18,32 eV/particle 28,648 eV/particle 58 eV/particle 69,1 eV/particle 82 eV/particle 95 eV/particle 118 eV/particle 133 eV/particle 165 eV/particle 181 eV/particle 262 eV/particle 285 eV/particle 310 eV/particle 336 eV/particle 362 eV/particle 389 eV/particle 424 eV/particle 451 eV/particle 480 eV/particle 508 eV/particle 650 eV/particle 680 eV/particle 720 eV/particle 750 eV/particle 830 eV/particle 900 eV/particle 970 eV/particle 1 010 eV/particle 1 090 eV/particle 1 160 eV/particle 1 240 eV/particle 1 310 eV/particle 1 380 eV/particle 1 460 eV/particle 1 530 eV/particle 1 600 eV/particle 1 680 eV/particle 1 760 eV/particle 1 830 eV/particle 1 910 eV/particle 2 000 eV/particle 2 060 eV/particle 2 390 eV/particle 2 455 eV/particle 2 524 eV/particle 2 598 eV/particle 2 669 eV/particle 2 737 eV/particle 2 860 eV/particle 2 935 eV/particle 3 013 eV/particle 3 086 eV/particle 3 375 eV/particle 3 445 eV/particle 3 522 eV/particle 3 593 eV/particle 3 943 eV/particle 4 025 eV/particle 4 230 eV/particle 4 313 eV/particle 6 972 eV/particle 7 130 eV/particle 7 299 eV/particle 7 480 eV/particle 7 650 eV/particle 7 820 eV/particle 8 180 eV/particle 8 350 eV/particle 8 550 eV/particle 8 720 eV/particle 9 220 eV/particle 9 370 eV/particle 9 540 eV/particle 9 690 eV/particle 10 790 eV/particle 10 970 eV/particle 11 340 eV/particle 11 510 eV/particle 24 060 eV/particle 24 480 eV/particle 24 940 eV/particle 25 360 eV/particle 29 410 eV/particle 29 970 eV/particle 30 680 eV/particle 31 122,8 eV/particle 123 086,4 eV/particle 125 253,4 eV/particle

ångbildningsvärme	513,7 kJ/mol
smältvärme	16,11 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi	602 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2

valenselektron	2

elektronkonfiguration	[Rn] 6d² 7s²

oxidationstal	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitet	0.10277 1.3
Electrophilicity
Phases
aggregationstillstånd	Fast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt	5 058,15 K
Smältpunkt	2 023,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg	Silver #ff1493 #00baff #00baff
appearance	silvery, often with black tarnish
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
termisk expansion	0,000011 1/K
molar heat capacity	27,32 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet	0,118 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
elektrisk konduktivitet	6,7 MS/m
resistivitet	0,00000015 m Ω
supraledare	1,38 K
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)	0,0000000072 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)	0,0000000017 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)	0,000084
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
Kristallstruktur	Ytcentrerat kubiskt (FCC)
Gitterkonstant	5,08 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet	400 MPa 3 MPa 350 MPa
Kompressibilitet	54 GPa
skjuvmodul	31 GPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Poissons konstant	0,27
ljudhastighet	2 490 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Aktinider, Actinides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	34
Mendeleev Number	16
Pettifor Number	47
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt classification	litophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	217 ± 54 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Träffyta	7,4
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,001
kvanttal	3F2
rymdgrupp	225 (Fm_3m)

Toriumisotoper

Stabila isotoper	2
Instabila isotoper	30
Radioactive Isotopes	32

²⁰⁸Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	208,017915348 ± 0,000034208 Da
masstal	208
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	2,4 ± 1,2 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	2010
Paritet	+

²⁰⁸Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²⁰⁹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	209,017601 ± 0,000111 Da
masstal	209
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	-

²⁰⁹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹⁰Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	210,015093515 ± 0,000020299 Da
masstal	210
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	16 ± 3,6 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1995
Paritet	+

²¹⁰Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹¹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	211,014896923 ± 0,000092399 Da
masstal	211
g-factor
Halveringstid	48 ± 20 ms
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1995
Paritet	-

²¹¹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹²Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	212,01300157 ± 0,000010852 Da
masstal	212
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	31,7 ± 1,3 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1980
Paritet	+

²¹²Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹³Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	213,01301147 ± 0,000009895 Da
masstal	213
g-factor
Halveringstid	144 ± 21 ms
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1968
Paritet	-

²¹³Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹⁴Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	214,01148148 ± 0,000011445 Da
masstal	214
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	87 ± 10 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1968
Paritet	+

²¹⁴Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹⁵Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	215,01172464 ± 0,0000068 Da
masstal	215
g-factor
Halveringstid	1,35 ± 0,14 s
Spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1968
Paritet	-

²¹⁵Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁶Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	216,011055933 ± 0,00001192 Da
masstal	216
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	26,28 ± 0,16 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1968
Paritet	+

²¹⁶Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²¹⁷Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	217,013103443 ± 0,000011394 Da
masstal	217
g-factor
Halveringstid	248 ± 4 us
Spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1968
Paritet	+

²¹⁷Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁸Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	218,013276248 ± 0,000011289 Da
masstal	218
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	122 ± 5 ns
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1973
Paritet	+

²¹⁸Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²¹⁹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	219,015526432 ± 0,000060611 Da
masstal	219
g-factor
Halveringstid	1,023 ± 0,018 us
Spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1973
Paritet	+

²¹⁹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

²²⁰Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	220,015769866 ± 0,000014693 Da
masstal	220
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	10,2 ± 0,3 us
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1973
Paritet	+

²²⁰Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	%

²²¹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	221,018185757 ± 0,000008582 Da
masstal	221
g-factor
Halveringstid	1,75 ± 0,02 ms
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1970
Paritet	+

²²¹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²²Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	222,01846822 ± 0,000010966 Da
masstal	222
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	2,24 ± 0,03 ms
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1970
Paritet	+

²²²Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	%

²²³Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	223,020811083 ± 0,000008527 Da
masstal	223
g-factor
Halveringstid	600 ± 20 ms
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1952
Paritet

²²³Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁴Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	224,021466137 ± 0,00001031 Da
masstal	224
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	1,04 ± 0,02 s
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1949
Paritet	+

²²⁴Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

²²⁵Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	225,023950975 ± 0,000005467 Da
masstal	225
g-factor
Halveringstid	8,75 ± 0,04 m
Spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1949
Paritet	+

²²⁵Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	90%
ϵ (electron capture)	%

²²⁶Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	226,024903699 ± 0,00000481 Da
masstal	226
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	30,7 ± 0,03 m
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1948
Paritet	+

²²⁶Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
18O	3.2%

²²⁷Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	227,027702546 ± 0,000002241 Da
masstal	227
g-factor
Halveringstid	18,693 ± 0,004 d
Spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1906
Paritet	+

²²⁷Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²²⁸Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	228,028739741 ± 0,000001938 Da
masstal	228
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	1,9125 ± 0,0007 y
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1905
Paritet	+

²²⁸Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
20O	1.13%

²²⁹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	229,031761357 ± 0,000002581 Da
masstal	229
g-factor	0,184 ± 0,016
Halveringstid	7,916 ± 0,017 ky
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	3,11 ± 0,06
upptäcktsdatum	1947
Paritet	+

²²⁹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%

²³⁰Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 0,02 ± 0,02
relative atomic mass	230,033132267 ± 0,000001297 Da
masstal	230
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	75,4 ± 0,3 ky
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1907
Paritet	+

²³⁰Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	4%
24Ne (heavy cluster emission)	5.8%

²³¹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	231,036302764 ± 0,000001306 Da
masstal	231
g-factor
Halveringstid	25,52 ± 0,01 h
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1911
Paritet	+

²³¹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³²Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 99,98 ± 0,02
relative atomic mass	232,038053606 ± 0,000001525 Da
masstal	232
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	14 ± 0,1 Gy
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1898
Paritet	+

²³²Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
α (α emission)	100%
SF (spontaneous fission)	1.1%
26Ne	2.78%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

²³³Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	233,041580126 ± 0,000001528 Da
masstal	233
g-factor
Halveringstid	21,83 ± 0,04 m
Spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1935
Paritet	+

²³³Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁴Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	234,043599801 ± 0,000002779 Da
masstal	234
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	24,107 ± 0,024 d
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1900
Paritet	+

²³⁴Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
α (α emission)	%

²³⁵Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	235,047255 ± 0,000014 Da
masstal	235
g-factor
Halveringstid	7,2 ± 0,1 m
Spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1969
Paritet	+

²³⁵Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁶Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	236,049657 ± 0,000015 Da
masstal	236
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	37,3 ± 1,5 m
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1973
Paritet	+

²³⁶Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁷Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	237,053629 ± 0,000017 Da
masstal	237
g-factor
Halveringstid	4,8 ± 0,5 m
Spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum	1993
Paritet	+

²³⁷Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁸Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	238,056388 ± 0,000304 Da
masstal	238
g-factor	0
Halveringstid	9,4 ± 2 m
Spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
upptäcktsdatum	1999
Paritet	+

²³⁸Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²³⁹Th

natural abundance	Radioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass	239,060655 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal	239
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet	+

²³⁹Th Decay Modes

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnare	Jöns Berzelius
fyndplats	Sweden
upptäcktsdatum	1828
etymologi	Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
uttal	THOR-i-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	9,6 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0,000001 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body	0 %
Abundance in Meteor	0,0000039 %
Abundance in Sun	0,00000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0,00000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

Torium on ChemicalAid

ALLFO-ID	21744
Art & Architecture Thesaurus-ID	300379770
Australian Educational Vocabulary-ID	scot/3585
BNCF	37628
BNF-ID	11977429t
CAB ID	7540
CAS-nummer	7440-29-1
ChEBI-ID	33385
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6029759
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID6049800
Den Store Danske-ID	thorium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.308
Enciclopedia Treccani	torio
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/thorium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	topic/helium-uranium-thorium-dating
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	thorium
Freebase-ID	/m/025sk62
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana-ID	0239406
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana-ID	0146927
HSDB ID	864
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0029215
ICSC-ID	0337
InChI	InChI=1S/Th
InChIKey	ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
J9U-ID	987007534013905171
KBpedia-ID	Thorium
KEGG-ID	C19157
LEM ID	LEM201013005
MeSH-ID	D013910
NDL-ID	00573342
NKC-ID	ph543054
OmegaWiki Definierad Betydelse	365213
OpenAlex-ID	C527038400
PSH-ID	5764
RxNorm-ID	1534769
Römpp online ID	RD-20-01588
Stora ryska encyklopedin-ID	4198022
Store medisinske leksikon-ID	thorium
Store norske leksikon-ID	thorium
UK Archival Thesaurus-ID	f2/mt225/4347/5019
UK Parliament thesaurus-ID	430967
UNESCO Thesaurus-ID	concept14024
UNII	60YU5MIG9W
id-nummer i Deutsche Nationalbibliotheks katalog	4185331-3
id-nummer i USA:s kongressbiblioteks katalog	sh85134957
synset-ID på WordNet 3.1	14682288-n
ämnes-ID på Quora	Thorium

Torium (Th)

Egenskaper

Toriumisotoper

208Th

208Th Decay Modes

209Th

209Th Decay Modes

210Th

210Th Decay Modes

211Th

211Th Decay Modes

212Th

212Th Decay Modes

213Th

213Th Decay Modes

214Th

214Th Decay Modes

215Th

215Th Decay Modes

216Th

216Th Decay Modes

217Th

217Th Decay Modes

218Th

218Th Decay Modes

219Th

219Th Decay Modes

220Th

220Th Decay Modes

221Th

221Th Decay Modes

222Th

222Th Decay Modes

223Th

223Th Decay Modes

224Th

224Th Decay Modes

225Th

225Th Decay Modes

226Th

226Th Decay Modes

227Th

227Th Decay Modes

228Th

228Th Decay Modes

229Th

229Th Decay Modes

230Th

230Th Decay Modes

231Th

231Th Decay Modes

232Th

232Th Decay Modes

233Th

233Th Decay Modes

234Th

234Th Decay Modes

235Th

235Th Decay Modes

236Th

236Th Decay Modes

237Th

237Th Decay Modes

238Th

238Th Decay Modes

239Th

239Th Decay Modes

historia

Sources

Nuclear Screening Constants

²⁰⁸Th

²⁰⁸Th Decay Modes

²⁰⁹Th

²⁰⁹Th Decay Modes

²¹⁰Th

²¹⁰Th Decay Modes

²¹¹Th

²¹¹Th Decay Modes

²¹²Th

²¹²Th Decay Modes

²¹³Th

²¹³Th Decay Modes

²¹⁴Th

²¹⁴Th Decay Modes

²¹⁵Th

²¹⁵Th Decay Modes

²¹⁶Th

²¹⁶Th Decay Modes

²¹⁷Th

²¹⁷Th Decay Modes

²¹⁸Th

²¹⁸Th Decay Modes

²¹⁹Th

²¹⁹Th Decay Modes

²²⁰Th

²²⁰Th Decay Modes

²²¹Th

²²¹Th Decay Modes

²²²Th

²²²Th Decay Modes

²²³Th

²²³Th Decay Modes

²²⁴Th

²²⁴Th Decay Modes

²²⁵Th

²²⁵Th Decay Modes

²²⁶Th

²²⁶Th Decay Modes

²²⁷Th

²²⁷Th Decay Modes

²²⁸Th

²²⁸Th Decay Modes

²²⁹Th

²²⁹Th Decay Modes

²³⁰Th

²³⁰Th Decay Modes

²³¹Th

²³¹Th Decay Modes

²³²Th

²³²Th Decay Modes

²³³Th

²³³Th Decay Modes

²³⁴Th

²³⁴Th Decay Modes

²³⁵Th

²³⁵Th Decay Modes

²³⁶Th

²³⁶Th Decay Modes

²³⁷Th

²³⁷Th Decay Modes

²³⁸Th

²³⁸Th Decay Modes

²³⁹Th

²³⁹Th Decay Modes