Atomic Number | 23 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 50.9415 |
Mass Number | 51 |
Group | 5 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Protons | 23 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 28 n0 |
Electrons | 23 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 |
Oxidation States | -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Electronegativity | 1.63
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Vanadium is a Silver. V has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #a6a6ab, and MOLCAS GV of #a6a6ab. The Appearance of Element 23 is blue-silver-grey metal. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | blue-silver-grey metal |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000628 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000003199 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0003837
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Vanadium is BCC. The lattice constant of V is 3.02 Å. The lattice angles of Element 23 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Vanadium has a Brinell of 628 MPa, Mohs hardness of 7 MPa, and Vickers of 628 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of V is 160 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 23 is 47 GPa. The Young Modulus of Vanadium (V) is 128 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Vanadium is 0.37. The Speed of Sound of V is 4560 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.37
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Vanadium is VA. The IUPAC Group of V is VB. The Glawe Number of Element 23 is 54. The Mendeleev Number of Vanadium (V) is 47. The Pettifor Number of Vanadium is 54. The Geochemical Class of V is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 23 is litophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VA |
IUPAC Group | VB |
Glawe Number | 54 |
Mendeleev Number | 47 |
Pettifor Number | 54 |
Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
The Gas Basicity of Vanadium is 836.8 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of V is 87 plus or minus 10 a₀. Element 23 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 832 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 955 a₀. The Allotropes of Vanadium (V) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Vanadium is 5.06. The Neutron Mass Absorption of V is 0.0033. The Quantum Numbers of Element 23 is 4F3/2. The Space Group of Vanadium (V) is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 5.06
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0033
|
Quantum Numbers | 4F3/2 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 28 |
Natural Isotopes | 2 |
Mass Number | 39 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 16 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 40 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 17 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 41 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 18 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 42 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 19 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 43 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 20 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 79.3 ± 2.4 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 2.5% |
Mass Number | 44 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 21 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 111 ± 7 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
Mass Number | 45 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 22 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 547 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 46 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 23 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 422.62 ± 0.05 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 47 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 24 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 32.6 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1942 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 48 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 25 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.503 ± 0.00275
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 15.9735 ± 0.0025 d
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 49 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 26 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.2771428571429 ± 0.014285714285714
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 330 ± 15 d
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Mass Number | 50 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 27 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 0.25 ± 0.01
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 271 ± 13 Py
|
Spin | 6 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.21 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β− (β− decay) |
Mass Number | 51 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 28 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 99.75 ± 0.01
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.052 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 52 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 29 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.743 ± 0.005 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 53 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 30 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.543 ± 0.014 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 54 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 49.8 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 55 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 6.54 ± 0.15 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 56 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 216 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 57 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 350 ± 10 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 58 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 191 ± 10 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 59 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 95 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3% |
Mass Number | 60 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 122 ± 18 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1985 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 61 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 48.2 ± 0.6 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 14.5% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 62 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 33.6 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 63 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 19.6 ± 0.9 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 35% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 64 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 41 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 15 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 65 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 42 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 66 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 43 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2009 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 67 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 44 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Vanadium was originally discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río in 1801. In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium. In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores. Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work. Named after Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis
Discoverers | Nils Sefström |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1830 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis. |
Pronunciation | veh-NAY-di-em (English) |
Found in the minerals patronite (VS4), vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl], and carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O]. Pure metal produced by heating with C and Cl to produce VCl3 which is heated with Mg in Ar atmosphere.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0.000003 %
|
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.0061 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.00004 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0001 %
|
1 | s | 0.5744 |
2 | p | 3.9272 |
2 | s | 6.8186 |
3 | d | 14.0171 |
3 | p | 12.215 |
3 | s | 11.2907 |
4 | s | 18.0188 |