Galliom (Ga)

chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
Niver mas	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

Proton	31 p⁺
Neutron	38 n⁰
Elektron	31 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11,8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
ionic radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438,3 pm
density	5,91 g/cm³ 6 095 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energiezh

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5,9993018 eV/particle 20,51514 eV/particle 30,726 eV/particle 63,241 eV/particle 86,01 eV/particle 112,7 eV/particle 140,8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471,2 eV/particle 508,82 eV/particle 548,31 eV/particle 599,8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765,7 eV/particle 807,308 eV/particle 2 010 eV/particle 2 129 eV/particle 2 258 eV/particle 2 391 eV/particle 2 543,9 eV/particle 2 683 eV/particle 2 868 eV/particle 2 984,426 eV/particle 12 696,5569 eV/particle 13 239,488 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	270,3 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	5,59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271,96 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 3

valence electron	3 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

oxidation number	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity	10,39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0,927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2 502,15 K
Melting Point	302,9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Poent tric'hement	302,9166 K
appearance
liv	Black #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	28,1 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	7,1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000014 Ω*m
superconductivity	1,083 K
Gwarellegezh
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,0000177
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
framm
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	4,51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	60 MPa 1,5 MPa
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	2 740 m/s
rummatadur
Category	Actinides, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0015
quantum number	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

Niver mas	56
niver a neutron	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55,995878 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

Niver mas	57
niver a neutron	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56,983457 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

Niver mas	58
niver a neutron	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57,974729 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

Niver mas	59
niver a neutron	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58,963757 ± 0,000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

Niver mas	60
niver a neutron	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59,957498 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	72,4 ± 1,7 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

Niver mas	61
niver a neutron	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60,949398861 ± 0,000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	165,9 ± 2,5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

Niver mas	62
niver a neutron	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61,944189639 ± 0,000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	116,122 ± 0,021 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1978
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

Niver mas	63
niver a neutron	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62,939294194 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor	0,097866666666667 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	32,4 ± 0,5 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,212 ± 0,014
time of discovery or invention	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

Niver mas	64
niver a neutron	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63,936840366 ± 0,000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,627 ± 0,012 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1953
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

Niver mas	65
niver a neutron	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64,932734424 ± 0,000000849 Da
g-factor	1,182 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15,133 ± 0,028 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,21 ± 0,015
time of discovery or invention	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

Niver mas	66
niver a neutron	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65,931589766 ± 0,000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9,304 ± 0,008 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

Niver mas	67
niver a neutron	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66,928202276 ± 0,000001262 Da
g-factor	1,2329333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3,2617 ± 0,0004 d
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,197 ± 0,002
time of discovery or invention	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

Niver mas	68
niver a neutron	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67,927980161 ± 0,000001535 Da
g-factor	0,01174 ± 0,00007
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	67,842 ± 0,016 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0277 ± 0,0014
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

Niver mas	69
niver a neutron	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68,925573528 ± 0,000001285 Da
g-factor	1,3433466666667 ± 0,00004
natural abundance	60,108 ± 0,05
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,171 ± 0,002
time of discovery or invention	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

Niver mas	70
niver a neutron	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69,926021914 ± 0,000001289 Da
g-factor	0,571 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21,14 ± 0,05 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,105 ± 0,007
time of discovery or invention	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

Niver mas	71
niver a neutron	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70,924702554 ± 0,00000087 Da
g-factor	1,7068866666667 ± 0,00006
natural abundance	39,892 ± 0,05
radioactivity	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,107 ± 0,001
time of discovery or invention	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

Niver mas	72
niver a neutron	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71,926367452 ± 0,000000878 Da
g-factor	-0,044046666666667 ± 0,0000066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14,025 ± 0,01 h
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,53 ± 0,006
time of discovery or invention	1939
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

Niver mas	73
niver a neutron	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72,92517468 ± 0,0000018 Da
g-factor	0,13933333333333 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4,86 ± 0,03 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

Niver mas	74
niver a neutron	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73,926945725 ± 0,000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0,026666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8,12 ± 0,12 m
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,55 ± 0,04
time of discovery or invention	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

Niver mas	75
niver a neutron	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74,926504484 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	1,2233333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	126 ± 2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,285 ± 0,017
time of discovery or invention	1960
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

Niver mas	76
niver a neutron	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75,928827624 ± 0,0000021 Da
g-factor	-0,4725 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	30,6 ± 0,6 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
time of discovery or invention	1961
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

Niver mas	77
niver a neutron	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76,929154299 ± 0,0000026 Da
g-factor	1,3453333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13,2 ± 0,2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,208 ± 0,013
time of discovery or invention	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

Niver mas	78
niver a neutron	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77,931610854 ± 0,000001127 Da
g-factor	-0,607 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5,09 ± 0,05 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
time of discovery or invention	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

Niver mas	79
niver a neutron	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78,932851582 ± 0,000001296 Da
g-factor	0,69733333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,848 ± 0,003 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,158 ± 0,01
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

Niver mas	80
niver a neutron	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79,936420773 ± 0,000003103 Da
g-factor	0,006 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,9 ± 0,1 s
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,38 ± 0,02
time of discovery or invention	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

Niver mas	81
niver a neutron	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80,938133841 ± 0,000003503 Da
g-factor	0,6984 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,217 ± 0,005 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,048 ± 0,008
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

Niver mas	82
niver a neutron	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81,943176531 ± 0,000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	600 ± 2 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

Niver mas	83
niver a neutron	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82,9471203 ± 0,000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	310 ± 0,7 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

Niver mas	84
niver a neutron	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83,952663 ± 0,000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	97,6 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
time of discovery or invention	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

Niver mas	85
niver a neutron	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84,957333 ± 0,00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	95,3 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

Niver mas	86
niver a neutron	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85,963757 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	49 ± 2 ms
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	1997
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

Niver mas	87
niver a neutron	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86,969007 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	29 ± 4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

Niver mas	88
niver a neutron	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87,975963 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivity	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
time of discovery or invention
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

istor

dizoloer pe ijiner	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
location of discovery	France
time of discovery or invention	1875
Etimologiezh	Latin: Gallia (France).
pronunciation	GAL-i-em (saozneg)

mammenn

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (meurvor)	0,00003 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,00076 %
natural abundance (Heol)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Galliom on ChemicalAid

Galliom (Ga)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

istor

mammenn

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga