Gallium (Ga)

chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
Nombor jisim	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

proton	31 p⁺
neutron	38 n⁰
Elektron	31 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11.8 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
ionic radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Jejari van der Waals	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438.3 pm
ketumpatan	5.91 g/cm³ 6,095 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity
Pertalian elektron	0.43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5.9993018 eV/particle 20.51514 eV/particle 30.726 eV/particle 63.241 eV/particle 86.01 eV/particle 112.7 eV/particle 140.8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471.2 eV/particle 508.82 eV/particle 548.31 eV/particle 599.8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765.7 eV/particle 807.308 eV/particle 2,010 eV/particle 2,129 eV/particle 2,258 eV/particle 2,391 eV/particle 2,543.9 eV/particle 2,683 eV/particle 2,868 eV/particle 2,984.426 eV/particle 12,696.5569 eV/particle 13,239.488 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	270.3 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	5.59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271.96 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 18, 3

Elektron valens	3 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Keelektronegatifan	10.39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0.927762651403701 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2,502.15 K
Melting Point	302.9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point	302.9166 K
rupa
warna	Black #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
rupa	silver-white
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	28.1 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26.03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	7.1 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000014 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian	1.083 K
kemagnetan
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000177
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	4.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	60 MPa 1.5 MPa
Modulus pukal
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	2,740 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0015
Nombor kuantum	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

Nombor jisim	56
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	55.995878 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

Nombor jisim	57
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	56.983457 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

Nombor jisim	58
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	57.974729 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

Nombor jisim	59
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	58.963757 ± 0.000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

Nombor jisim	60
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	59.957498 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	72.4 ± 1.7 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

Nombor jisim	61
nombor neutron	30
Jisim Atom Relatif	60.949398861 ± 0.000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	165.9 ± 2.5 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

Nombor jisim	62
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	61.944189639 ± 0.000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	116.122 ± 0.021 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1978
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

Nombor jisim	63
nombor neutron	32
Jisim Atom Relatif	62.939294194 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor	0.097866666666667 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	32.4 ± 0.5 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.212 ± 0.014
tarikh penemuan	1965
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

Nombor jisim	64
nombor neutron	33
Jisim Atom Relatif	63.936840366 ± 0.000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.627 ± 0.012 m
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1953
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

Nombor jisim	65
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	64.932734424 ± 0.000000849 Da
g-factor	1.182 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	15.133 ± 0.028 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.21 ± 0.015
tarikh penemuan	1938
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

Nombor jisim	66
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	65.931589766 ± 0.000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	9.304 ± 0.008 h
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

Nombor jisim	67
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	66.928202276 ± 0.000001262 Da
g-factor	1.2329333333333 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.2617 ± 0.0004 d
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.197 ± 0.002
tarikh penemuan	1938
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

Nombor jisim	68
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	67.927980161 ± 0.000001535 Da
g-factor	0.01174 ± 0.00007
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	67.842 ± 0.016 m
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.0277 ± 0.0014
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

Nombor jisim	69
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	68.925573528 ± 0.000001285 Da
g-factor	1.3433466666667 ± 0.00004
natural abundance	60.108 ± 0.05
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.171 ± 0.002
tarikh penemuan	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

Nombor jisim	70
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	69.926021914 ± 0.000001289 Da
g-factor	0.571 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	21.14 ± 0.05 m
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.105 ± 0.007
tarikh penemuan	1937
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

Nombor jisim	71
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	70.924702554 ± 0.00000087 Da
g-factor	1.7068866666667 ± 0.00006
natural abundance	39.892 ± 0.05
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.107 ± 0.001
tarikh penemuan	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

Nombor jisim	72
nombor neutron	41
Jisim Atom Relatif	71.926367452 ± 0.000000878 Da
g-factor	-0.044046666666667 ± 0.0000066666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	14.025 ± 0.01 h
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.53 ± 0.006
tarikh penemuan	1939
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

Nombor jisim	73
nombor neutron	42
Jisim Atom Relatif	72.92517468 ± 0.0000018 Da
g-factor	0.13933333333333 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.86 ± 0.03 h
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

Nombor jisim	74
nombor neutron	43
Jisim Atom Relatif	73.926945725 ± 0.000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0.026666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	8.12 ± 0.12 m
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.55 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan	1956
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

Nombor jisim	75
nombor neutron	44
Jisim Atom Relatif	74.926504484 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor	1.2233333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	126 ± 2 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.285 ± 0.017
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

Nombor jisim	76
nombor neutron	45
Jisim Atom Relatif	75.928827624 ± 0.0000021 Da
g-factor	-0.4725 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	30.6 ± 0.6 s
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
tarikh penemuan	1961
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

Nombor jisim	77
nombor neutron	46
Jisim Atom Relatif	76.929154299 ± 0.0000026 Da
g-factor	1.3453333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	13.2 ± 0.2 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.208 ± 0.013
tarikh penemuan	1968
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

Nombor jisim	78
nombor neutron	47
Jisim Atom Relatif	77.931610854 ± 0.000001127 Da
g-factor	-0.607 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5.09 ± 0.05 s
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

Nombor jisim	79
nombor neutron	48
Jisim Atom Relatif	78.932851582 ± 0.000001296 Da
g-factor	0.69733333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.848 ± 0.003 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.158 ± 0.01
tarikh penemuan	1974
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

Nombor jisim	80
nombor neutron	49
Jisim Atom Relatif	79.936420773 ± 0.000003103 Da
g-factor	0.006 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.9 ± 0.1 s
Spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.38 ± 0.02
tarikh penemuan	1974
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

Nombor jisim	81
nombor neutron	50
Jisim Atom Relatif	80.938133841 ± 0.000003503 Da
g-factor	0.6984 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.217 ± 0.005 s
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.048 ± 0.008
tarikh penemuan	1976
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

Nombor jisim	82
nombor neutron	51
Jisim Atom Relatif	81.943176531 ± 0.000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	600 ± 2 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1976
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

Nombor jisim	83
nombor neutron	52
Jisim Atom Relatif	82.9471203 ± 0.000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	310 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1976
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

Nombor jisim	84
nombor neutron	53
Jisim Atom Relatif	83.952663 ± 0.000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	97.6 ± 1.2 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1991
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

Nombor jisim	85
nombor neutron	54
Jisim Atom Relatif	84.957333 ± 0.00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	95.3 ± 1 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

Nombor jisim	86
nombor neutron	55
Jisim Atom Relatif	85.963757 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	49 ± 2 ms
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

Nombor jisim	87
nombor neutron	56
Jisim Atom Relatif	86.969007 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	29 ± 4 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

Nombor jisim	88
nombor neutron	57
Jisim Atom Relatif	87.975963 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
tempat penemuan	France
tarikh penemuan	1875
Etimologi	Latin: Gallia (France).
sebutan	GAL-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.00003 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.00076 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Gallium on ChemicalAid

Gallium (Ga)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga