Magnesi (Mg)

chemical element, symbol Mg and atomic number 12

Atomic Number	12
Atomic Weight	24.305
Rhif màs	24

Group	2
Period	3
Block	s

Proton	12 p⁺
Niwtron	12 n⁰
Electron	12 e^-

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Atomic Radius	150 pm 240 pm
molar volume	14 cm³/mol
covalent radius	139 pm 132 pm 127 pm 142 pm 141 pm
Metallic Radius	136 pm 160 pm
ionic radius	57 pm 66 pm 72 pm 89 pm
Crystal Radius	71 pm 80 pm 86 pm 103 pm
Van der Waals radius	220 pm 173 pm 173 pm 243 pm 302.1 pm
density	1.74 g/cm³ 1,584 kg/m³

Nodwedd Gemegol

{ERROR}

egni

proton affinity	819.6 kJ/mol
electron affinity
ionization energy	7.646235 eV/particle 15.035267 eV/particle 80.1436 eV/particle 109.2654 eV/particle 141.335 eV/particle 186.76 eV/particle 225.015 eV/particle 265.924 eV/particle 327.985 eV/particle 367.5 eV/particle 1,761.80481 eV/particle 1,962.664 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	131.8 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	9.2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	147.1 kJ/mol
Electron

plisgyn yr electron	2, 8, 2

valence electron	2 ⓘ

trefn yr electronnau	[Ne] 3s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Cyflwr ocsidiad	0, 1, 2
Electronegatifedd	7.646 eV/particle 0.121644 1.31
Electrophilicity Index
cyflwr sylfaenol mater

cyflwr mater
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	1,363.15 K
Melting Point	923.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
lliw	Black #228b22 #8aff00 #8aff00
appearance	shiny grey solid
Mynegrif plygiant
nodwedd ffisegol gwrthrych
Thermal Conductivity	156 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.0000248 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.869 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	1.023 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
dargludedd trydanol	23 MS/m
Gwrthedd	0.00000004399999999999 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000069 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000168 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.000012
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strwythur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.21 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
nodwedd mecanyddol deunyddiau
hardness	260 MPa 2.5 MPa
bulk modulus	45 GPa
shear modulus	17 GPa
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0.29
speed of sound	4,602 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Alkaline earth metals
CAS Group	IIA
IUPAC Group	IIA
Glawe Number	73
Mendeleev Number	76
Pettifor Number	73
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	797.3 kJ/mol
polarizability	71.2 ± 0.4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	626 a₀ 629 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.063
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0001
quantum number	1S0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Magnesium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	20
Natural Isotopes	3

¹⁹Mg

Rhif màs	19
neutron number	7
Relative Atomic Mass	19.03417992 ± 0.000064413 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	5 ± 3 ps
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	2007
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

²⁰Mg

Rhif màs	20
neutron number	8
Relative Atomic Mass	20.018763075 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	90.4 ± 0.5 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1974
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	30.3%

²¹Mg

Rhif màs	21
neutron number	9
Relative Atomic Mass	21.011705764 ± 0.00000081 Da
g-factor	-0.3932 ± 0.0028
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	120 ± 0.4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1963
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	20.1%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.116%
B+pA	0.016%

²²Mg

Rhif màs	22
neutron number	10
Relative Atomic Mass	21.999570597 ± 0.00000017 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	3.8745 ± 0.0007 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1961
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²³Mg

Rhif màs	23
neutron number	11
Relative Atomic Mass	22.994123768 ± 0.000000034 Da
g-factor	-0.35753333333333 ± 0.0002
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	11.3039 ± 0.0032 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.114 ± 0.003
dyddiad darganfod	1939
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁴Mg

Rhif màs	24
neutron number	12
Relative Atomic Mass	23.985041689 ± 0.000000013 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	78.965 ± 0.049
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	+

²⁵Mg

Rhif màs	25
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	24.985836966 ± 0.00000005 Da
g-factor	-0.342132 ± 0.000012
natural abundance	10.011 ± 0.013
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.199 ± 0.002
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	+

²⁶Mg

Rhif màs	26
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	25.982592972 ± 0.000000031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	11.025 ± 0.038
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	+

²⁷Mg

Rhif màs	27
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	26.984340647 ± 0.00000005 Da
g-factor	-0.8212 ± 0.003
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	9.435 ± 0.027 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1934
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁸Mg

Rhif màs	28
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	27.983875426 ± 0.00000028 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	20.915 ± 0.009 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁹Mg

Rhif màs	29
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	28.988607163 ± 0.000000369 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	1.3 ± 0.12 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.16 ± 0.04
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁰Mg

Rhif màs	30
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	29.990465454 ± 0.00000139 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	317 ± 4 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1971
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.06%

³¹Mg

Rhif màs	31
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	30.996648232 ± 0.0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	270 ± 2 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.2%

³²Mg

Rhif màs	32
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	31.999110138 ± 0.0000035 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	80.4 ± 0.4 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.5%

³³Mg

Rhif màs	33
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	33.005327862 ± 0.000002859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	92 ± 1.2 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.13 ± 0.09
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁴Mg

Rhif màs	34
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	34.008935455 ± 0.0000074 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	44.9 ± 0.4 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1979
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.1%

³⁵Mg

Rhif màs	35
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	35.01679 ± 0.0002895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	11.3 ± 0.6 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1989
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	52%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁶Mg

Rhif màs	36
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	36.021879 ± 0.000741 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	3.9 ± 1.3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1989
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	48%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁷Mg

Rhif màs	37
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	37.030286265 ± 0.00075035 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	8 ± 4 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1996
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Mg

Rhif màs	38
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	38.03658 ± 0.00054 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1997
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁹Mg

Rhif màs	39
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	39.045921 ± 0.000551 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
n (neutron emission)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁴⁰Mg

Rhif màs	40
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	40.053194 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	2007
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Mg

Rhif màs	41
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	41.062373 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

hanes

darganfyddwr neu ddyfeisiwr	Sir Humphrey Davy
man darganfod	England
dyddiad darganfod	1808
geirdarddiad	From Magnesia ancient city in district of Thessaly, Greece.
ynganiad	mag-NEE-zih-em (Saesneg)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	23,300 mg/kg
natural abundance (cefnfor)	1,290 mg/L
natural abundance (corff dynol)	0.027 %
natural abundance (Awyrfaen)	12 %
natural abundance (Haul)	0.07 %
Abundance in Universe	0.06 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3911
2	p	4.1742
2	s	4.608
3	s	8.6925

Magnesi on ChemicalAid

Magnesi (Mg)

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Nodwedd Gemegol

other

Isotopes of Magnesium

19Mg

20Mg

21Mg

22Mg

23Mg

24Mg

25Mg

26Mg

27Mg

28Mg

29Mg

30Mg

31Mg

32Mg

33Mg

34Mg

35Mg

36Mg

37Mg

38Mg

39Mg

40Mg

41Mg

hanes

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

¹⁹Mg

²⁰Mg

²¹Mg

²²Mg

²³Mg

²⁴Mg

²⁵Mg

²⁶Mg

²⁷Mg

²⁸Mg

²⁹Mg

³⁰Mg

³¹Mg

³²Mg

³³Mg

³⁴Mg

³⁵Mg

³⁶Mg

³⁷Mg

³⁸Mg

³⁹Mg

⁴⁰Mg

⁴¹Mg