Mn Manganese 25 54.938045 7 4 d 25 1244.0 1962.0 [Ar] 4s2 3d5 2 8 15 7.43 0.11% Silver Cubic: Body centered 1.6 1.75 {"1":"717.3","2":"1509.0","3":"3248","4":"4940","5":"6990","6":"9220","7":"11500","8":"18770","9":"21400","10":"23960","11":"27590","12":"30330","13":"33150","14":"38880","15":"41987","16":"109480","17":"118100","18":"127100","19":"138600","20":"148500","21":"158600","22":"172500","23":"181380","24":"785450","25":"827067"} 717 0 139 +2,3,4,6,7 1.35 7.39 14.64 219.74 0.48 7.82 100.K 0 Solid, Paramagnetic, Conductor, TransitionMetal, Metal, Stable, Natural MAN-ge-nees Hard, brittle, gray-white metal with a pinkish tinge. Rusts like iron in moist air. Used in steel, batteries and ceramics. The steel in railroad tracks can contain as much as 1.2% manganese. It is crucial to the effectiveness of vitamin B1. Most abundant ores are pyrolusite (MnO2), psilomelane [(Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10] and rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Pure metal produced by mixing MnO2 with powered Al and ignited in a furnace. 5xqsPZ7WsHw Manganese

Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.

In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.

Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777. From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise 25 1774 Johann Gahn Sweden From the Latin word "magnes" meaning "magnet", or "magnesia nigri" meaning "black magnesia"

White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic

Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus

Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.

Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.

Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.