Brom (Br)

chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35

Atomic Number	35
Atomic Weight	79.904
Rhif màs	79

Group	17
Period	4
Block	p

Proton	35 p⁺
Niwtron	44 n⁰
Electron	35 e^-

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Atomic Radius	115 pm 219 pm
molar volume	23.5 cm³/mol
covalent radius	114 pm 109 pm 110 pm 119 pm 120 pm
Metallic Radius	117 pm
ionic radius	196 pm 59 pm 31 pm 25 pm 39 pm
Crystal Radius	182 pm 73 pm 45 pm 39 pm 53 pm
Van der Waals radius	190 pm 183 pm 395 pm 185 pm 222 pm 187 pm 418.9 pm
density	3.1028 g/cm³ 3,120 kg/m³

Nodwedd Gemegol

egni

proton affinity	554.4 kJ/mol
electron affinity	3.3635882 eV/particle
ionization energy	11.81381 eV/particle 21.591 eV/particle 35 eV/particle 47.78 eV/particle 59.595 eV/particle 85.1 eV/particle 103 eV/particle 192.61 eV/particle 224 eV/particle 261 eV/particle 301 eV/particle 338 eV/particle 393 eV/particle 436 eV/particle 481 eV/particle 530 eV/particle 577 eV/particle 716.3 eV/particle 760.99 eV/particle 809.8 eV/particle 870 eV/particle 920.8 eV/particle 963 eV/particle 1,070.6 eV/particle 1,119.169 eV/particle 2,731 eV/particle 2,870 eV/particle 3,020 eV/particle 3,169 eV/particle 3,361 eV/particle 3,523.1 eV/particle 3,735 eV/particle 3,868.986 eV/particle 16,317.01 eV/particle 16,937.126 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	29.56 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	10.57 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	111.85 kJ/mol
Electron

plisgyn yr electron	2, 8, 18, 7

valence electron	7 ⓘ

trefn yr electronnau	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵

Cyflwr ocsidiad	-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
Electronegatifedd	15.88 eV/particle 0.2412578 2.96
Electrophilicity Index	3.4075054710599915 eV/particle
cyflwr sylfaenol mater

cyflwr mater	Liquid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	331.95 K
Melting Point	265.95 K
critical pressure	10.34 MPa
critical temperature	588.15 K
triple point	265.9 K 5.879 kPa
appearance
lliw	Red #a52a2a #a62929 #a62929
appearance
Mynegrif plygiant	1.001132
nodwedd ffisegol gwrthrych
Thermal Conductivity	0.005 W/(m K)
thermal expansion
molar heat capacity	75.69 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.474 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Insulator
dargludedd trydanol	0.0000000000000001 MS/m
Gwrthedd	10,000,000,000 Ω*m
superconductivity
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000049 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000783 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000153
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strwythur
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	6.67 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
nodwedd mecanyddol deunyddiau
hardness
bulk modulus	1.9 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound
classification
Category	Halogens, Halogens
CAS Group	VIIB
IUPAC Group	VIIA
Glawe Number	100
Mendeleev Number	108
Pettifor Number	98
Geochemical Class	semi-volatile
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	531.2 kJ/mol
polarizability	21 ± 1 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	162 a₀ 187 a₀
allotrope	Dibromine
Neutron cross section	6.8
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.002
quantum number	2P3/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Bromine

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	32
Natural Isotopes	2

⁶⁵Br

Rhif màs	65
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	64.982297 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁶Br

Rhif màs	66
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	65.974697 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁷Br

Rhif màs	67
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	66.965078 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁸Br

Rhif màs	68
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	67.958356 ± 0.000278 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁹Br

Rhif màs	69
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	68.95033841 ± 0.000045091 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1988
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)	100%

⁷⁰Br

Rhif màs	70
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	69.944792321 ± 0.000016 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	78.8 ± 0.3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1978
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷¹Br

Rhif màs	71
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	70.939342153 ± 0.000005799 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	21.4 ± 0.6 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1981
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷²Br

Rhif màs	72
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	71.936594606 ± 0.0000011 Da
g-factor	0.6 ± 0.1
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	78.6 ± 2.4 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1970
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷³Br

Rhif màs	73
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	72.931673441 ± 0.000007237 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	3.4 ± 0.2 m
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1970
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁴Br

Rhif màs	74
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	73.929910279 ± 0.000006264 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	25.4 ± 0.3 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
dyddiad darganfod	1952
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁵Br

Rhif màs	75
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	74.925810566 ± 0.0000046 Da
g-factor	0.50666666666667 ± 0.12
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	96.7 ± 1.3 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1948
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Br

Rhif màs	76
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	75.924541574 ± 0.000010007 Da
g-factor	0.5477 ± 0.0001
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	16.2 ± 0.2 h
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.251 ± 0.004
dyddiad darganfod	1952
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁷Br

Rhif màs	77
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	76.921379193 ± 0.000003017 Da
g-factor	0.64873333333333 ± 0.0004
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	57.04 ± 0.12 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.5 ± 0.02
dyddiad darganfod	1948
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Br

Rhif màs	78
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	77.921145858 ± 0.000003842 Da
g-factor	0.13 ± 0.03
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	6.45 ± 0.04 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	0.01%

⁷⁹Br

Rhif màs	79
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	78.918337574 ± 0.000001074 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	50.65 ± 0.09
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.3087 ± 0.0002
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	-

⁸⁰Br

Rhif màs	80
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	79.918529784 ± 0.000001065 Da
g-factor	0.5135 ± 0.0006
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	17.68 ± 0.02 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.182 ± 0.003
dyddiad darganfod	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	91.7%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	8.3%

⁸¹Br

Rhif màs	81
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	80.916288197 ± 0.000001049 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	49.35 ± 0.09
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	stable isotope
Hanner oes	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1920
parity	-

⁸²Br

Rhif màs	82
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	81.916801752 ± 0.000001042 Da
g-factor	0.32512 ± 0.00012
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	35.282 ± 0.007 h
spin	5
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.697 ± 0.01
dyddiad darganfod	1937
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸³Br

Rhif màs	83
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	82.915175285 ± 0.000004073 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	2.374 ± 0.004 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1937
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁴Br

Rhif màs	84
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	83.916496417 ± 0.000027622 Da
g-factor	0.95 ± 0.35
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	31.76 ± 0.08 m
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1943
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁵Br

Rhif màs	85
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	84.915645758 ± 0.000003304 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	2.9 ± 0.06 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1943
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁶Br

Rhif màs	86
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	85.918805432 ± 0.000003304 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	55.1 ± 0.4 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1962
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁷Br

Rhif màs	87
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	86.920674016 ± 0.000003404 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	55.68 ± 0.12 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1943
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.6%

⁸⁸Br

Rhif màs	88
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	87.92408329 ± 0.000003404 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	16.34 ± 0.08 s
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1948
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.58%

⁸⁹Br

Rhif màs	89
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	88.926704558 ± 0.000003504 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	4.357 ± 0.022 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1959
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13.8%

⁹⁰Br

Rhif màs	90
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	89.931292848 ± 0.000003604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	1.91 ± 0.01 s
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1959
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25.3%

⁹¹Br

Rhif màs	91
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	90.934398617 ± 0.000003804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	543 ± 4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	29.5%

⁹²Br

Rhif màs	92
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	91.939631595 ± 0.000007202 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	314 ± 16 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	33.1%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹³Br

Rhif màs	93
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	92.94322 ± 0.0004625 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	152 ± 8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	64%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁴Br

Rhif màs	94
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	93.948846 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes	70 ± 20 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1981
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	68%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁵Br

Rhif màs	95
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	94.952925 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁶Br

Rhif màs	96
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	95.95898 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1997
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁷Br

Rhif màs	97
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	96.963499 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁸Br

Rhif màs	98
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	97.969887 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Dadfeilio ymbelydrol	☢️ elfen ymbelydrol
Hanner oes
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
dyddiad darganfod	2010
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

hanes

darganfyddwr neu ddyfeisiwr	Antoine J. Balard
man darganfod	France
dyddiad darganfod	1826
geirdarddiad	Greek: brômos (stench).
ynganiad	BRO-meen (Saesneg)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	2.4 mg/kg
natural abundance (cefnfor)	67.3 mg/L
natural abundance (corff dynol)	0.00029 %
natural abundance (Awyrfaen)	0.00012 %
natural abundance (Haul)
Abundance in Universe	0.0000007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7529
2	p	3.9436
2	s	9.3566
3	d	15.4409
3	p	15.4292
3	s	14.7815
4	p	25.972
4	s	24.4472

Brom on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_1106
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/2843
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	brom
ChEBI ID	33117
Den Store Danske ID	brom
French Vikidia ID	Brome
GND	4146635-4
Golden ID	Bromine-M688
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1884358
Hrvatska enciklopedija ID	9679
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/BROM.html
Namuwiki ID	브로민
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007292426505171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	434
Online PWN Encyclopedia ID	3880864
OpenAlex ID	C517835270
Rhif Cofrestru CAS	7726-95-6
Spanish Vikidia ID	Bromo
Store medisinske leksikon ID	brom
Store norske leksikon ID	brom
USGS Thesaurus ID	1414
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14656307-n
dynodwr AAT	300389668
dynodwr BnF	12166058m
dynodwr Encyclopædia Britannica Online	science/bromine
dynodwr Encyclopædia Universalis	brome
dynodwr Freebase	/m/025svll
dynodwr HMDB	HMDB0031434
dynodwr KBpedia	Bromine
dynodwr LCAuth	sh85017053
dynodwr MeSH	D001966
dynodwr NDL	00572452
dynodwr NKC	ph543046
dynodwr PSH	5813
dynodwr Quora	Bromine
dynodwr Treccani	bromo
dynodwr YSO	7981
dynodwr yn thesawrws y BNCF	31087

Brom (Br)

Nodwedd Ffisegol

Nodwedd Gemegol

other

Isotopes of Bromine

65Br

66Br

67Br

68Br

69Br

70Br

71Br

72Br

73Br

74Br

75Br

76Br

77Br

78Br

79Br

80Br

81Br

82Br

83Br

84Br

85Br

86Br

87Br

88Br

89Br

90Br

91Br

92Br

93Br

94Br

95Br

96Br

97Br

98Br

hanes

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁶⁵Br

⁶⁶Br

⁶⁷Br

⁶⁸Br

⁶⁹Br

⁷⁰Br

⁷¹Br

⁷²Br

⁷³Br

⁷⁴Br

⁷⁵Br

⁷⁶Br

⁷⁷Br

⁷⁸Br

⁷⁹Br

⁸⁰Br

⁸¹Br

⁸²Br

⁸³Br

⁸⁴Br

⁸⁵Br

⁸⁶Br

⁸⁷Br

⁸⁸Br

⁸⁹Br

⁹⁰Br

⁹¹Br

⁹²Br

⁹³Br

⁹⁴Br

⁹⁵Br

⁹⁶Br

⁹⁷Br

⁹⁸Br