Calcium, Kalcium (Ca)

grundstof med atomnummer 20

Atomnummer	20
Atommasse	40.078
mass number	40

Gruppe	2
Periode	4
Blok	s

proton	20 p⁺
neutron	20 n⁰
elektron	20 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Ca (Calcium, Kalcium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	180 pm 270 pm
molar volume	29,9 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	171 pm 147 pm 133 pm 170 pm 176 pm
Metallic Radius	174 pm 197 pm
Ionisk radius	100 pm 106 pm 112 pm 118 pm 123 pm 134 pm
Crystal Radius	114 pm 120 pm 126 pm 132 pm 137 pm 148 pm
Van der Waals-radius	240 pm 231 pm 281 pm 231 pm 339,9 pm
massefylde	1,54 g/cm³ 1.378 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,02455 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	6,1131552 eV/particle 11,871718 eV/particle 50,91315 eV/particle 67,2732 eV/particle 84,338 eV/particle 108,78 eV/particle 127,2 eV/particle 147,24 eV/particle 188,535 eV/particle 211,2751 eV/particle 591,6 eV/particle 658,24 eV/particle 728,6 eV/particle 817,22 eV/particle 893,98 eV/particle 973,7 eV/particle 1.086,8 eV/particle 1.157,726 eV/particle 5.128,8576 eV/particle 5.469,8614 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	153,6 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	9,2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	177,8 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 8, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²

Oxidationstrin	1, 2
Elektronegativitet	6,113 eV/particle 0.1154119 1
Electrophilicity Index	0,7734001442996138 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	1.757,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.115,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Silver #808090 #3dff00 #3dff00
appearance
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000223 1/K
molar heat capacity	25,929 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,647 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	29 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000003399999999999 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0,0000000138 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0,0000000005531 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0,00002139
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Fladecentreret Kubisk (FCC)
lattice constant	5,58 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hårdhed	167 MPa 1,75 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	17 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	7,4 GPa
E-modul	20 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,31
speed of sound	3.810 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Jordalkalimetaller, Alkaline earth metals
CAS Group	IIA
IUPAC Group	IIA
Glawe Number	16
Mendeleev Number	7
Pettifor Number	16
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	160,8 ± 4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2.163 a₀ 2.230 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,43
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,00037
quantum number	1S0
rumgruppe	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Calcium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	26
Natural Isotopes	6

³³Ca

mass number	33
neutron number	13
Relative Atomic Mass	33,033312 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

³⁴Ca

mass number	34
neutron number	14
Relative Atomic Mass	34,015985 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2p (2-proton emission)

³⁵Ca

mass number	35
neutron number	15
Relative Atomic Mass	35,005572 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	25,7 ± 0,2 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1985
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	95.8%
2p (2-proton emission)	4.2%

³⁶Ca

mass number	36
neutron number	16
Relative Atomic Mass	35,993074388 ± 0,000042941 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	100,9 ± 1,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1977
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	51.2%

³⁷Ca

mass number	37
neutron number	17
Relative Atomic Mass	36,985897849 ± 0,00000068 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	181 ± 0,9 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1964
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	76.8%

³⁸Ca

mass number	38
neutron number	18
Relative Atomic Mass	37,976319223 ± 0,000000208 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	443,7 ± 0,25 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1966
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

³⁹Ca

mass number	39
neutron number	19
Relative Atomic Mass	38,970710811 ± 0,00000064 Da
g-factor	0,68093333333333 ± 0,00010666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	860,3 ± 0,8 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,038 ± 0,003
opdagelsesdato	1943
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁴⁰Ca

mass number	40
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	39,96259085 ± 0,000000022 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	96,941 ± 0,156
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1922
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁴¹Ca

mass number	41
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	40,962277905 ± 0,000000147 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	99,4 ± 1,5 ky
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0665 ± 0,0018
opdagelsesdato	1939
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁴²Ca

mass number	42
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	41,95861778 ± 0,000000159 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,647 ± 0,023
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

⁴³Ca

mass number	43
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	42,958766381 ± 0,000000244 Da
g-factor	-0,37638 ± 0,000017142857142857
natural abundance	0,135 ± 0,01
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0408 ± 0,0008
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	-

⁴⁴Ca

mass number	44
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	43,955481489 ± 0,000000348 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	2,086 ± 0,11
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1922
Paritet	+

⁴⁵Ca

mass number	45
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	44,95618627 ± 0,000000392 Da
g-factor	-0,37897142857143 ± 0,00037142857142857
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	162,61 ± 0,09 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,038 ± 0,012
opdagelsesdato	1940
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁶Ca

mass number	46
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	45,953687726 ± 0,000002398 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,004 ± 0,003
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

⁴⁷Ca

mass number	47
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	46,954541134 ± 0,000002384 Da
g-factor	-0,40182857142857 ± 0,00031428571428571
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,536 ± 0,003 d
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,084 ± 0,006
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁴⁸Ca

mass number	48
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	47,952522654 ± 0,000000018 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,187 ± 0,021
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	56 ± 10 Ey
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁴⁹Ca

mass number	49
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	48,955662625 ± 0,00000019 Da
g-factor	-0,91993333333333 ± 0,00053333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	8,718 ± 0,006 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,036 ± 0,003
opdagelsesdato	1950
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵⁰Ca

mass number	50
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	49,957499215 ± 0,0000017 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	13,45 ± 0,05 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1964
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁵¹Ca

mass number	51
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	50,960995663 ± 0,00000056 Da
g-factor	-0,69973333333333 ± 0,00073333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	10 ± 0,8 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,036 ± 0,012
opdagelsesdato	1980
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁵²Ca

mass number	52
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	51,963213646 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,6 ± 0,3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1985
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2%

⁵³Ca

mass number	53
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	52,968451 ± 0,000047 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	461 ± 90 ms
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1983
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	40%

⁵⁴Ca

mass number	54
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	53,972989 ± 0,000052 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	90 ± 6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁵Ca

mass number	55
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	54,979978 ± 0,000172 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	22 ± 2 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁶Ca

mass number	56
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	55,985496 ± 0,000268 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	11 ± 2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁷Ca

mass number	57
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	56,992958 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁸Ca

mass number	58
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	57,998357 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2009
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁵⁹Ca

mass number	59
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	59,006237 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2018
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶⁰Ca

mass number	60
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	60,011809 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2018
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁶¹Ca

mass number	61
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	61,020408 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Sir Humphrey Davy
fundsted	England
opdagelsesdato	1808
etymologi	Latin: calx, calcis (lime).
udtale	KAL-si-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	41.500 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	412 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	1,4 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	1,1 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,007 %
Abundance in Universe	0,007 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.527
2	p	3.9586
2	s	6.2236
3	p	11.3417
3	s	10.3985
4	s	15.602

Calcium, Kalcium on ChemicalAid

AGROVOC ID	c_1196
AUT NKC	ph116664
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300264232
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3064
BNCF	8953
BNE-identifikator	XX531346
BNF	11976285h
Basque Vikidia ID	Kaltzio
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	calcium-20
CAS-nummer	7440-70-2
ChEBI-ID	22984
ChemSpider ID	4573905
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID40876145
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID9050484
Den Store Danske-ID	calcium
Drugbank-ID	01373
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.344
Enciclopedia Treccani	calcio
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	203125
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/calcium
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/calcium-ion
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	calcium
EuroVoc ID	5304
Freebase-ID	/m/025tkqy
French Vikidia ID	Calcium
GND-identifikator	4069806-3
Golden ID	Calcium-JG5E
HSDB-ID	273
ICSC ID	1192
InChI	InChI=1S/Ca
InChIKey	OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Calcium
KEGG-ID	C00076
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/KALTSI.html
LCAuth	sh85018768
Latvian National Encyclopedia Online ID	139701
MeSH ID	D002118
NALT ID	6421
NDF-RT ID	N0000146031
NDL-nummer	00565069
NE.se ID	kalcium
NYT emne-ID	subject/calcium
Namuwiki ID	칼슘
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007293780405171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	471
OpenAlex ID	C2910173204
OpenAlex ID	C519063684
PSH-ID	5752
PatientsLikeMe treatment ID	calcium
Probes And Drugs ID	PD051696
PubChem CID	5460341
Quora emne-ID	Calcium
RxNorm ID	1895
Spanish Vikidia ID	Calcio
Store katalanske encyklopædi-ID	0087196
Store katalanske encyklopædi-ID	0013023
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalsium
Store medisinske leksikon ID	kalsium_-_fysiologi
Store norske leksikon-ID	kalsium
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	2037432
UK Archival Thesaurus ID	f2/mt225/4347/702
UK Parliament thesaurus ID	8918
UMLS CUI	C0006675
UNESCO-tesaurus identifikationskode	concept4508
UNII	SY7Q814VUP
USGS Thesaurus ID	1418
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14656826-n
YSO ID	1852
ZVG-nummer	8160
Zhihu topic ID	19668568

Calcium, Kalcium (Ca)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Calcium

33Ca

34Ca

35Ca

36Ca

37Ca

38Ca

39Ca

40Ca

41Ca

42Ca

43Ca

44Ca

45Ca

46Ca

47Ca

48Ca

49Ca

50Ca

51Ca

52Ca

53Ca

54Ca

55Ca

56Ca

57Ca

58Ca

59Ca

60Ca

61Ca

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

³³Ca

³⁴Ca

³⁵Ca

³⁶Ca

³⁷Ca

³⁸Ca

³⁹Ca

⁴⁰Ca

⁴¹Ca

⁴²Ca

⁴³Ca

⁴⁴Ca

⁴⁵Ca

⁴⁶Ca

⁴⁷Ca

⁴⁸Ca

⁴⁹Ca

⁵⁰Ca

⁵¹Ca

⁵²Ca

⁵³Ca

⁵⁴Ca

⁵⁵Ca

⁵⁶Ca

⁵⁷Ca

⁵⁸Ca

⁵⁹Ca

⁶⁰Ca

⁶¹Ca