Kromi

Kromi (Cr)

chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24
Atomic Number24
Atomic Weight51.9961
mass number52
Group6
Period4
Blockd
protoni24 p+
nyutroni28 n0
elektroni24 e-
Animated Bohr model of Cr (Kromi)

Physical Property

Atomic Radius
140 pm
molar volume
Covalent Radius
122 pm
Metallic Radius
119 pm
ionic radius
73 pm
Crystal Radius
87 pm
Van der Waals radius
206 pm
msongamano
7.15 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Kromi0153045607590105120135150165180195210pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals radius

Chemical Property

nishati
proton affinity
791.3 kJ/mol
electron affinity
ionization energy
6.76651 eV/particle
ionization energy of Cr (Kromi)
enthalpy of vaporization
342 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion
standard enthalpy of formation
397.48 kJ/mol
elektroni
Mzingo elektroni2, 8, 13, 1
Bohr model: Cr (Kromi)
valence electron1
Lewis structure: Cr (Kromi)
electron configuration[Ar] 3d5 4s1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Enhanced Bohr model of Cr (Kromi)
Orbital Diagram of Cr (Kromi)
oxidation number-4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
electronegativity
1.66
Electrophilicity Index
1.1319177597467263 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter
phase of matterSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
2,944.15 K
Melting Point
2,180.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Kiwango utatu
appearance
Rangi
Silver
appearancesilvery metallic
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity
93.9 W/(m K)
thermal expansion
0.0000049 1/K
molar heat capacity
23.35 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
0.449 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
electrical conductivity
7.9 MS/m
electrical resistivity
0.00000013 m Ω
superconductivity
Uga sumaku
typeantiferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0.0000000445 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000002314 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0.0003177
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
393 K
structure
Crystal StructureBody Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant
2.88 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
8.5 MPa
bulk modulus
160 GPa
shear modulus
115 GPa
Young's modulus
279 GPa
Poisson's ratio
0.21
speed of sound
5,940 m/s
classification
CategoryTransition metals, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIA
IUPAC GroupVIB
Glawe Number55
Mendeleev Number51
Pettifor Number57
Geochemical Classfirst series transition metal
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
768.4 kJ/mol
polarizability
83 ± 12 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
602 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section
3.1
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0021
quantum number7S3
space group229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Chromium

Stable Isotopes3
Unstable Isotopes27
Natural Isotopes4
Isotopic Composition5283.79%5283.79%539.50%539.50%504.35%504.35%542.37%542.37%

41Cr

mass number41
neutron number17
relative atomic mass
41.021911 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
p (proton emission)

42Cr

mass number42
neutron number18
relative atomic mass
42.007579 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
13.3 ± 1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1996
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)94.4%
2p (2-proton emission)

43Cr

mass number43
neutron number19
relative atomic mass
42.997885 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
21.1 ± 0.3 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1992
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)79.3%
2p (2-proton emission)11.6%
3p0.13%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)

44Cr

mass number44
neutron number20
relative atomic mass
43.985591 ± 0.000055 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
42.8 ± 0.6 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1987
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)12%

45Cr

mass number45
neutron number21
relative atomic mass
44.97905 ± 0.000038 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
60.9 ± 0.4 ms
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1974
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)34.4%

46Cr

mass number46
neutron number22
relative atomic mass
45.968360969 ± 0.000012295 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
224.3 ± 1.3 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1972
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

47Cr

mass number47
neutron number23
relative atomic mass
46.962894995 ± 0.000005578 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
461.6 ± 1.5 ms
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1972
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

48Cr

mass number48
neutron number24
relative atomic mass
47.954029431 ± 0.000007848 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
21.56 ± 0.03 h
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1952
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

49Cr

mass number49
neutron number25
relative atomic mass
48.95133372 ± 0.000002363 Da
g-factor
0.1904 ± 0.0012
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
42.3 ± 0.1 m
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1942
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

50Cr

mass number50
neutron number26
relative atomic mass
49.946042209 ± 0.0000001 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
4.345 ± 0.013
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1930
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
+ (double β+ decay)

51Cr

mass number51
neutron number27
relative atomic mass
50.944765388 ± 0.000000178 Da
g-factor
0.26685714285714 ± 0.0014285714285714
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
27.7015 ± 0.0011 d
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1940
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

52Cr

mass number52
neutron number28
relative atomic mass
51.940504714 ± 0.00000012 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
83.789 ± 0.018
Unururifustable isotope
NusumaishaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1923
parity+

53Cr

mass number53
neutron number29
relative atomic mass
52.940646304 ± 0.000000124 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
9.501 ± 0.017
Unururifustable isotope
NusumaishaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.15 ± 0.05
Uvumbuzi1930
parity-

54Cr

mass number54
neutron number30
relative atomic mass
53.938877359 ± 0.000000142 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
2.365 ± 0.007
Unururifustable isotope
NusumaishaNot Radioactive ☢️
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1930
parity+

55Cr

mass number55
neutron number31
relative atomic mass
54.940836637 ± 0.000000245 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
3.497 ± 0.003 m
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1952
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

56Cr

mass number56
neutron number32
relative atomic mass
55.940648977 ± 0.00000062 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
5.94 ± 0.1 m
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1960
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

57Cr

mass number57
neutron number33
relative atomic mass
56.943612112 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
21.1 ± 1 s
spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1978
parity

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

58Cr

mass number58
neutron number34
relative atomic mass
57.944184501 ± 0.0000032 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
7 ± 0.3 s
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1980
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

59Cr

mass number59
neutron number35
relative atomic mass
58.948345426 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
1,050 ± 90 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1980
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%

60Cr

mass number60
neutron number36
relative atomic mass
59.949641656 ± 0.0000012 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
490 ± 10 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1980
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

61Cr

mass number61
neutron number37
relative atomic mass
60.95437813 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
243 ± 9 ms
spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi1985
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

62Cr

mass number62
neutron number38
relative atomic mass
61.95614292 ± 0.0000037 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
206 ± 12 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1985
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

63Cr

mass number63
neutron number39
relative atomic mass
62.961161 ± 0.000078 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
129 ± 2 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1992
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

64Cr

mass number64
neutron number40
relative atomic mass
63.963886 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
43 ± 1 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1992
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

65Cr

mass number65
neutron number41
relative atomic mass
64.969608 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
27.5 ± 2.1 ms
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1997
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

66Cr

mass number66
neutron number42
relative atomic mass
65.973011 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
23.8 ± 1.8 ms
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1997
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

67Cr

mass number67
neutron number43
relative atomic mass
66.979313 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi1997
parity-

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

68Cr

mass number68
neutron number44
relative atomic mass
67.983156 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi2009
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

69Cr

mass number69
neutron number45
relative atomic mass
68.989662 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi2013
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

70Cr

mass number70
neutron number46
relative atomic mass
69.993945 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Unururifu☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
Uvumbuzi2013
parity+

hali ya kuozaintensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
Chromium crystals and 1cm3 cube

historia

mgunduzi au mvumbuziLouis Vauquelin
location of discoveryFrance
Uvumbuzi1797
EtimolojiaGreek: chrôma (color).
pronunciationKROH-mi-em (Kiingereza)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
102 mg/kg
natural abundance (Bahari)
0.0003 mg/L
natural abundance (Mwili)
0.000003 %
natural abundance (Kimondo)
0.3 %
natural abundance (Jua)
0.002 %
Abundance in Universe
0.0015 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.5862
2p3.9248
2s7.0162
3d14.2434
3p12.534
3s11.6322
4s18.8668