Varš (Cu)

ķīmiskais elements

Atomic Number	29
Atomic Weight	63.546
Masas skaitlis	63

Group	11
Period	4
Block	d

protons	29 p⁺
neitrons	34 n⁰
elektrons	29 e^-

Animated Bora atoma struktūras modelis of Cu (Varš)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Atoma Rādiuss	135 pm 217 pm
molar volume	7,1 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	112 pm 115 pm 120 pm 137 pm 132 pm
Metallic Radius	118 pm 128 pm
ionic radius	46 pm 60 pm 77 pm 57 pm 57 pm 65 pm 73 pm 54 pm
Crystal Radius	60 pm 74 pm 91 pm 71 pm 71 pm 79 pm 87 pm 60 pm
Van der Waals radius	200 pm 196 pm 226 pm 349,5 pm
blīvums	8,96 g/cm³ 8 020 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

enerģija

proton affinity	655,3 kJ/mol
Elektrontieksme	1,235 eV/particle
jonizācijas potenciāls	7,72638 eV/particle 20,29239 eV/particle 36,841 eV/particle 57,38 eV/particle 79,8 eV/particle 103 eV/particle 139 eV/particle 166 eV/particle 198 eV/particle 232,2 eV/particle 265 eV/particle 367,03 eV/particle 400,98 eV/particle 436,04 eV/particle 483,13 eV/particle 518,7 eV/particle 552,8 eV/particle 632,48 eV/particle 670,608 eV/particle 1 690,5 eV/particle 1 800 eV/particle 1 918 eV/particle 2 044 eV/particle 2 179,4 eV/particle 2 307 eV/particle 2 479,1 eV/particle 2 586,954 eV/particle 11 062,4309 eV/particle 11 567,612 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	304,6 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	13,01 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	337,4 kJ/mol
elektrons

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 1

vērtības elektrons	1 ⓘ

elektronu konfigurācija	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

Oksidēšanas pakāpe	-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitāte	10,96 eV/particle 0.1511716 1.9
Electrophilicity Index	1,546403297611602 eV/particle
fundamentālais agregātstāvoklis

agregātstāvoklis
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2 833,15 K
Melting Point	1 357,77 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trīskāršais punkts
appearance
krāsa	Black #a52a2a #c88033 #c88033
appearance	red-orange metallic luster
Laušanas koeficients
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	401 W/(m K)
Termiskā izplešanās	0,0000165 1/K
Molārā siltumietilpība	24,44 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,385 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	59 MS/m
īpatnējā pretestība	0,000000017 Ω*m
Supravadītspēja
Magnētisms
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,00000000108 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,0000000000686 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,00000963
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
struktūra
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,61 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Cietība	874 MPa 3 MPa 369 MPa
tilpuma elastības modulis	140 GPa
shear modulus	48 GPa
Junga modulis	130 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,34
skaņas ātrums	3 570 m/s
klasifikācija
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	IB
IUPAC Group	IB
Glawe Number	68
Mendeleev Number	71
Pettifor Number	72
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity	632,4 kJ/mol
polarizability	46,5 ± 0,5 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	253 a₀ 264 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	3,78
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0021
quantum number	2S1/2
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Copper

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵²Cu

Masas skaitlis	52
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	51,997982 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵³Cu

Masas skaitlis	53
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	52,985894 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁴Cu

Masas skaitlis	54
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	53,977198 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁵Cu

Masas skaitlis	55
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	54,966038 ± 0,000167 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	55,9 ± 1,5 ms
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁶Cu

Masas skaitlis	56
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	55,958529278 ± 0,000006864 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	80,8 ± 0,6 ms
spins	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.4%

⁵⁷Cu

Masas skaitlis	57
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	56,949211686 ± 0,000000537 Da
g-factor	1,7213333333333 ± 0,0046666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	196,4 ± 0,7 ms
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Cu

Masas skaitlis	58
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	57,944532283 ± 0,000000604 Da
g-factor	0,571 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	3,204 ± 0,007 s
spins	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁹Cu

Masas skaitlis	59
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	58,939496713 ± 0,000000566 Da
g-factor	1,2620666666667 ± 0,0006
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	81,5 ± 0,5 s
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1947
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Cu

Masas skaitlis	60
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	59,937363787 ± 0,000001731 Da
g-factor	0,61 ± 0,00025
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	23,7 ± 0,4 m
spins	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1947
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶¹Cu

Masas skaitlis	61
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	60,933457375 ± 0,00000102 Da
g-factor	1,4071333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	3,343 ± 0,016 h
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1937
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶²Cu

Masas skaitlis	62
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	61,932594803 ± 0,000000683 Da
g-factor	-0,38 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	9,672 ± 0,008 m
spins	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Cu

Masas skaitlis	63
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929597119 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	69,15 ± 0,15
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,22 ± 0,015
atklāšanas datums	1923
parity	-

⁶⁴Cu

Masas skaitlis	64
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	63,929764001 ± 0,000000458 Da
g-factor	-0,2166 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	12,7004 ± 0,0013 h
spins	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1936
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	61.52%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	38.48%

⁶⁵Cu

Masas skaitlis	65
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	64,927789476 ± 0,00000069 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	30,85 ± 0,15
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,204 ± 0,014
atklāšanas datums	1923
parity	-

⁶⁶Cu

Masas skaitlis	66
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	65,928868804 ± 0,000000696 Da
g-factor	-0,2826 ± 0,0008
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	5,12 ± 0,014 m
spins	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Cu

Masas skaitlis	67
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	66,92772949 ± 0,000000957 Da
g-factor	1,6780666666667 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	61,83 ± 0,12 h
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1948
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Cu

Masas skaitlis	68
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	67,929610887 ± 0,0000017 Da
g-factor	2,396 ± 0,0006
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	30,9 ± 0,6 s
spins	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1953
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Cu

Masas skaitlis	69
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	68,929429267 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	1,8943333333333 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,85 ± 0,15 m
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1966
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Cu

Masas skaitlis	70
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	69,932392078 ± 0,000001161 Da
g-factor	0,22801666666667 ± 0,000083333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	44,5 ± 0,2 s
spins	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1971
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Cu

Masas skaitlis	71
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	70,932676831 ± 0,0000016 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	19,4 ± 1,4 s
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1983
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Cu

Masas skaitlis	72
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	71,935820306 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	6,63 ± 0,03 s
spins	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1983
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Cu

Masas skaitlis	73
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	72,936674376 ± 0,000002084 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	4,2 ± 0,12 s
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1983
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.029%

⁷⁴Cu

Masas skaitlis	74
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	73,93987486 ± 0,0000066 Da
g-factor	-0,5335 ± 0,0006
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	1,606 ± 0,009 s
spins	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.075%

⁷⁵Cu

Masas skaitlis	75
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	74,941523817 ± 0,00000077 Da
g-factor	0,40276 ± 0,0004
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	1,224 ± 0,003 s
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1985
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.7%

⁷⁶Cu

Masas skaitlis	76
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	75,945268974 ± 0,00000098 Da
g-factor	-0,36356666666667 ± 0,0005
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	637,7 ± 5,5 ms
spins	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.2%

⁷⁷Cu

Masas skaitlis	77
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	76,947543599 ± 0,0000013 Da
g-factor	0,63852 ± 0,00068
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	470,3 ± 1,7 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	30.1%

⁷⁸Cu

Masas skaitlis	78
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	77,951916524 ± 0,000014312 Da
g-factor	0,039666666666667 ± 0,0005
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	330,7 ± 2 ms
spins	6
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	50.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Cu

Masas skaitlis	79
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	78,9544731 ± 0,0001127 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	241,3 ± 2,1 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	66%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Cu

Masas skaitlis	80
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	79,960623 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	113,3 ± 6,4 ms
spins
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1995
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	58%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Cu

Masas skaitlis	81
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	80,965743 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	73,2 ± 6,8 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸²Cu

Masas skaitlis	82
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	81,972378 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	34 ± 7 ms
spins
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2010
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Cu

Masas skaitlis	83
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	82,97811 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2017
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Cu

Masas skaitlis	84
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	83,985271 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

vēsture

atklājējs vai izgudrotājs	Known to the ancients.
atraduma atrašanās vieta
atklāšanas datums
Etimoloģija	Symbol from Latin: cuprum (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines).
izruna	KOP-er (angļu)

avots

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	60 mg/kg
natural abundance (okeāns)	0,00025 mg/L
natural abundance (cilvēka ķermenis)	0,0001 %
natural abundance (meteoroīds)	0,011 %
natural abundance (Saule)	0,00007 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6614
2	p	3.903
2	s	7.9802
3	d	15.7994
3	p	14.2694
3	s	13.4057
4	s	23.1576

Varš on ChemicalAid

Varš (Cu)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Copper

52Cu

53Cu

54Cu

55Cu

56Cu

57Cu

58Cu

59Cu

60Cu

61Cu

62Cu

63Cu

64Cu

65Cu

66Cu

67Cu

68Cu

69Cu

70Cu

71Cu

72Cu

73Cu

74Cu

75Cu

76Cu

77Cu

78Cu

79Cu

80Cu

81Cu

82Cu

83Cu

84Cu

vēsture

avots

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵²Cu

⁵³Cu

⁵⁴Cu

⁵⁵Cu

⁵⁶Cu

⁵⁷Cu

⁵⁸Cu

⁵⁹Cu

⁶⁰Cu

⁶¹Cu

⁶²Cu

⁶³Cu

⁶⁴Cu

⁶⁵Cu

⁶⁶Cu

⁶⁷Cu

⁶⁸Cu

⁶⁹Cu

⁷⁰Cu

⁷¹Cu

⁷²Cu

⁷³Cu

⁷⁴Cu

⁷⁵Cu

⁷⁶Cu

⁷⁷Cu

⁷⁸Cu

⁷⁹Cu

⁸⁰Cu

⁸¹Cu

⁸²Cu

⁸³Cu

⁸⁴Cu