Atomic Number | 30 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 65.38 |
Mass Number | 64 |
Group | 12 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | d |
Protons | 30 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 34 n0 |
Electrons | 30 e- |
Atomic Radius | |
---|---|
Molar Volume | |
Covalent Radius | |
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | |
Crystal Radius | |
Van der Waals Radius | |
Density |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | |
Heat of Vaporization | |
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 |
Oxidation States | -2, 0, 1, 2 |
Electronegativity | 1.65
|
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | |
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Zinc is a Slate Gray. Zn has a CPK of #a52a2a, Jmol of #7d80b0, and MOLCAS GV of #7d80b0. The Appearance of Element 30 is silver-gray. The Refractive Index of Zinc (Zn) is 1.00205. | |
Color | Slate Gray
|
Appearance | silver-gray |
Refractive Index | 1.00205
|
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.00000000221 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.000000000145 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.0000158
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Zinc is HEX. The lattice constant of Zn is 2.66 Å. The lattice angles of Element 30 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Zinc has a Brinell of 412 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Zn is 70 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 30 is 43 GPa. The Young Modulus of Zinc (Zn) is 108 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Zinc is 0.25. The Speed of Sound of Zn is 3700 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.25
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Zinc is IIB. The IUPAC Group of Zn is IIB. The Glawe Number of Element 30 is 74. The Mendeleev Number of Zinc (Zn) is 77. The Pettifor Number of Zinc is 76. The Geochemical Class of Zn is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 30 is chalcophile. | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | IIB |
IUPAC Group | IIB |
Glawe Number | 74 |
Mendeleev Number | 77 |
Pettifor Number | 76 |
Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
Goldschmidt Class | chalcophile |
The Gas Basicity of Zinc is 586 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Zn is 38.67 plus or minus 0.3 a₀. Element 30 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 284 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 276 a₀. The Allotropes of Zinc (Zn) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Zinc is 1.1. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Zn is 0.00055. The Quantum Numbers of Element 30 is 1S0. The Space Group of Zinc (Zn) is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity | |
---|---|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 1.1
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00055
|
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 3 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 30 |
Natural Isotopes | 5 |
Mass Number | 54 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 24 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.8 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) | 87% |
Mass Number | 55 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 25 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 19.8 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2001 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 91% |
Mass Number | 56 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 26 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 32.4 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2001 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 88% |
Mass Number | 57 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 27 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 45.7 ± 0.6 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 87% |
Mass Number | 58 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 28 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 86 ± 1.9 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.7% |
Mass Number | 59 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 29 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 178.7 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.1% |
Mass Number | 60 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 30 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.38 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 61 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 89.1 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 62 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 9.193 ± 0.015 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 63 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.18762 ± 0.000033333333333333
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 38.47 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.2 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 64 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 49.17 ± 0.75
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) |
Mass Number | 65 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0.30736 ± 0.00008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 243.94 ± 0.04 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.019 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 66 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 27.73 ± 0.98
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 67 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | 4.04 ± 0.16
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.122 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1928 |
Parity | - |
Mass Number | 68 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 18.45 ± 0.63
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 69 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.114 ± 0.004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 56.4 ± 0.9 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 70 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 0.61 ± 0.1
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1922 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) |
Mass Number | 71 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 41 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.102 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.4 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 72 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 42 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 46.5 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 73 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 43 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.1162 ± 0.001
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 24.5 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 74 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 44 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 95.6 ± 1.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 75 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 45 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.22517142857143 ± 0.00025714285714286
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 10.2 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.16 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 76 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 46 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 5.7 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 77 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 47 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.25905714285714 ± 0.000028571428571429
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.08 ± 0.05 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.48 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 78 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 48 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.47 ± 0.15 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 79 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 49 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.26348888888889 ± 0.00022222222222222
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 746 ± 42 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.4 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.7% |
Mass Number | 80 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 50 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 562.2 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.36% |
Mass Number | 81 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 51 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 299.4 ± 2.1 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 23% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 82 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 52 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 177.9 ± 2.5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 69% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 83 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 53 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 100 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 71% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 84 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 54 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 54 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 73% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 85 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 55 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 86 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 56 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century A.D. India by reducing calamine with organic substances such as wool. The metal was rediscovered in Europe by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746. He heated a mixture of calamine ore and carbon in a closed vessel without copper to produce the metal. From the German word Zink, of obscure origin
Discoverers | Known to the ancients. |
---|---|
Discovery Location | |
Discovery Year | |
Etymology (Name Origin) | German: zink (German for tin). |
Pronunciation | ZINK (English) |
Found in the minerals zinc blende (sphalerite) (ZnS), calamine, franklinite, smithsonite (ZnCO3), willemite, and zincite (ZnO).
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | |
Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0.0033 %
|
Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.018 %
|
Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0002 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.00003 %
|
1 | s | 0.6755 |
2 | p | 3.902 |
2 | s | 8.172 |
3 | d | 16.1217 |
3 | p | 14.6307 |
3 | s | 13.7808 |
4 | s | 24.0348 |