Zinc

Zinc (Zn)

Zinc is the 30th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Zn and atomic number of 30. It has an atomic weight of 65.38 and a mass number of 64. Zinc has thirty protons and thirty-four neutrons in its nucleus, and thirty electrons in four shells. It is located in group twelve, period four and block d of the periodic table. Blue-white metallic element. Occurs in multiple compounds naturally. Five stable isotopes are six radioactive isotopes have been found. Chemically a reactive metal, combines with oxygen and other non-metals, reacts with dilute acids to release hydrogen.
Atomic Number30
Atomic Weight65.38
Mass Number64
Group12
Period4
Blockd
Protons30 p+
Neutrons34 n0
Electrons30 e-
Animated Bohr Model of Zn (Zinc)

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius
Molar Volume
Covalent Radius
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals Radius
Density
Atomic Radii of the Elements: Zinc0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals Radius

Chemical Properties

Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy
Ionization Energies of Zn (Zinc)
Heat of Vaporization
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation
Electrons
Electron Shells2, 8, 18, 2
Bohr Model: Zn (Zinc)
Valence Electrons2
Lewis Structure: Zn (Zinc)
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Enhanced Bohr Model of Zn (Zinc)
Orbital Diagram of Zn (Zinc)
Oxidation States-2, 0, 1, 2
Electronegativity
1.65
Electrophilicity Index
States of Matter
PhaseSolid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual

Zinc is a Slate Gray. Zn has a CPK of #a52a2a, Jmol of #7d80b0, and MOLCAS GV of #7d80b0. The Appearance of Element 30 is silver-gray. The Refractive Index of Zinc (Zn) is 1.00205.

Color
Slate Gray
Appearancesilver-gray
Refractive Index
1.00205
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Typediamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
-0.00000000221 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
-0.000000000145 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
-0.0000158
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure

The Crystal Structure of Zinc is HEX. The lattice constant of Zn is 2.66 Å. The lattice angles of Element 30 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.

Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties

Zinc has a Brinell of 412 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Zn is 70 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 30 is 43 GPa. The Young Modulus of Zinc (Zn) is 108 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Zinc is 0.25. The Speed of Sound of Zn is 3700 m/s.

Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young's Modulus
Poisson Ratio
0.25
Speed of Sound
Classification

The CAS Group of Zinc is IIB. The IUPAC Group of Zn is IIB. The Glawe Number of Element 30 is 74. The Mendeleev Number of Zinc (Zn) is 77. The Pettifor Number of Zinc is 76. The Geochemical Class of Zn is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 30 is chalcophile.

CategoryTransition metals, Transition metals
CAS GroupIIB
IUPAC GroupIIB
Glawe Number74
Mendeleev Number77
Pettifor Number76
Geochemical Classfirst series transition metal
Goldschmidt Classchalcophile

Other

The Gas Basicity of Zinc is 586 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Zn is 38.67 plus or minus 0.3 a₀. Element 30 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 284 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 276 a₀. The Allotropes of Zinc (Zn) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Zinc is 1.1. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Zn is 0.00055. The Quantum Numbers of Element 30 is 1S0. The Space Group of Zinc (Zn) is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section
1.1
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.00055
Quantum Numbers1S0
Space Group194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Zinc

Stable Isotopes3
Unstable Isotopes30
Natural Isotopes5
Isotopic Composition6449.17%6449.17%6627.73%6627.73%6818.45%6818.45%674.04%674.04%700.61%700.61%

54Zn

Mass Number54
Neutron Number24
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
1.8 ± 0.5 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year2005
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
2p (2-proton emission)87%

55Zn

Mass Number55
Neutron Number25
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
19.8 ± 1.3 ms
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year2001
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)91%

56Zn

Mass Number56
Neutron Number26
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
32.4 ± 0.7 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year2001
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)88%

57Zn

Mass Number57
Neutron Number27
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
45.7 ± 0.6 ms
Spin7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1976
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)87%

58Zn

Mass Number58
Neutron Number28
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
86 ± 1.9 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1986
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.7%

59Zn

Mass Number59
Neutron Number29
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
178.7 ± 1.3 ms
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1981
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.1%

60Zn

Mass Number60
Neutron Number30
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
2.38 ± 0.05 m
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1955
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

61Zn

Mass Number61
Neutron Number31
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
89.1 ± 0.2 s
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1955
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

62Zn

Mass Number62
Neutron Number32
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
9.193 ± 0.015 h
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1948
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

63Zn

Mass Number63
Neutron Number33
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.18762 ± 0.000033333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
38.47 ± 0.05 m
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.2 ± 0.02
Discovery Year1937
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

64Zn

Mass Number64
Neutron Number34
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
49.17 ± 0.75
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1922
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
+ (double β+ decay)

65Zn

Mass Number65
Neutron Number35
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0.30736 ± 0.00008
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
243.94 ± 0.04 d
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
-0.019 ± 0.002
Discovery Year1939
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

66Zn

Mass Number66
Neutron Number36
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
27.73 ± 0.98
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1922
Parity+

67Zn

Mass Number67
Neutron Number37
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
4.04 ± 0.16
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.122 ± 0.01
Discovery Year1928
Parity-

68Zn

Mass Number68
Neutron Number38
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
18.45 ± 0.63
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1922
Parity+

69Zn

Mass Number69
Neutron Number39
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
1.114 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
56.4 ± 0.9 m
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1937
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

70Zn

Mass Number70
Neutron Number40
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
0.61 ± 0.1
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1922
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
(double β decay)

71Zn

Mass Number71
Neutron Number41
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
1.102 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
2.4 ± 0.05 m
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1955
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

72Zn

Mass Number72
Neutron Number42
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
46.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1951
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

73Zn

Mass Number73
Neutron Number43
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
1.1162 ± 0.001
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
24.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1972
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

74Zn

Mass Number74
Neutron Number44
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
95.6 ± 1.2 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1972
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

75Zn

Mass Number75
Neutron Number45
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.22517142857143 ± 0.00025714285714286
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
10.2 ± 0.2 s
Spin7/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.16 ± 0.02
Discovery Year1974
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

76Zn

Mass Number76
Neutron Number46
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
5.7 ± 0.3 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1974
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

77Zn

Mass Number77
Neutron Number47
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.25905714285714 ± 0.000028571428571429
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
2.08 ± 0.05 s
Spin7/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.48 ± 0.04
Discovery Year1977
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

78Zn

Mass Number78
Neutron Number48
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
1.47 ± 0.15 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1977
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

79Zn

Mass Number79
Neutron Number49
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.26348888888889 ± 0.00022222222222222
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
746 ± 42 ms
Spin9/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.4 ± 0.04
Discovery Year1981
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.7%

80Zn

Mass Number80
Neutron Number50
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
562.2 ± 3 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1981
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.36%

81Zn

Mass Number81
Neutron Number51
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
299.4 ± 2.1 ms
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1991
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)23%
2n (2-neutron emission)

82Zn

Mass Number82
Neutron Number52
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
177.9 ± 2.5 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1997
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)69%
2n (2-neutron emission)

83Zn

Mass Number83
Neutron Number53
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
100 ± 3 ms
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1997
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)71%
2n (2-neutron emission)

84Zn

Mass Number84
Neutron Number54
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
54 ± 8 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year2010
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)73%
2n (2-neutron emission)

85Zn

Mass Number85
Neutron Number55
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year2010
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

86Zn

Mass Number86
Neutron Number56
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube

History

Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century A.D. India by reducing calamine with organic substances such as wool. The metal was rediscovered in Europe by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in 1746. He heated a mixture of calamine ore and carbon in a closed vessel without copper to produce the metal. From the German word Zink, of obscure origin

DiscoverersKnown to the ancients.
Discovery Location
Discovery Year
Etymology (Name Origin)German: zink (German for tin).
PronunciationZINK (English)
Zinc is not considered to be particularly toxic
Zinc is referred to in nonscientific contexts as spelter

Uses

Because of its corrosion resistance, zinc is often plated to other metals in a process called galvanization. Zinc is an essential trace element for animals and plants. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Used to coat other metal (galvanizing) to protect them from rusting. Also used in alloys such as brass, bronze, nickel. Also in solder, cosmetics and pigments.

Sources

Found in the minerals zinc blende (sphalerite) (ZnS), calamine, franklinite, smithsonite (ZnCO3), willemite, and zincite (ZnO).

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
Natural Abundance (Oceans)
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
0.0033 %
Natural Abundance (Meteor)
0.018 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)
0.0002 %
Abundance in Universe
0.00003 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.6755
2p3.902
2s8.172
3d16.1217
3p14.6307
3s13.7808
4s24.0348

Also Known As

  • Zn
  • element 30
  • 30Zn
  • Zn(ii)
  • Zn2+

Translations

  • Italianzinco
  • Norwegian Bokmålsink
  • GermanZink
  • Frenchzinc
  • Dutchzink
  • Spanishcinc
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Afrikaanssink
  • Amharicዚንክ
  • AragoneseZinc
  • Arabicزنك
  • AsturianCinc
  • AzerbaijaniSink
  • BashkirЦинк
  • BelarusianЦынк
  • Bulgarianцинк
  • Banglaজিংক
  • BretonZink
  • Bosniancink
  • Catalanzinc
  • CorsicanZingu
  • Czechzinek
  • ChuvashЦинк
  • WelshSinc
  • Danishzink
  • Divehiޒިންކް
  • Greekψευδάργυρος
  • Esperantozinko
  • EstonianTsink
  • Basquezink
  • Persianروی
  • Finnishsinkki
  • FriulianZinc
  • Western FrisianSink
  • IrishSinc
  • GalicianCinc
  • Gujaratiજસત
  • ManxShinc
  • Hakka ChineseÂ-yèn
  • Hebrewאבץ
  • Hindiजस्ता
  • Fiji HindiZinc
  • CroatianCink
  • Haitian CreoleZenk
  • Hungariancink
  • Armenianցինկ
  • Interlinguazinc
  • Indonesianseng
  • Idozinko
  • Icelandicsink
  • Japanese亜鉛
  • Lojbanzinki
  • JavaneseSèng
  • Georgianთუთია
  • KazakhМырыш
  • Kannadaಸತುವು
  • Korean아연
  • KurdishÇînko
  • Latinzincum
  • LuxembourgishZénk
  • lbeТутия
  • LigurianZingo
  • LithuanianCinkas
  • Latviancinks
  • Māorikonutea
  • Macedonianцинк
  • Malayalamനാകം
  • Mongolianцайр
  • Marathiजस्त
  • Malaytimah sari
  • Burmeseသွပ်
  • Low GermanZink
  • Newariजिङ्क
  • Norwegian Nynorsksink
  • OccitanZinc
  • Punjabiਜਿਸਤ
  • Polishcynk
  • Western Panjabiزنک
  • Portuguesezinco
  • QuechuaTsinku
  • Romanianzinc
  • Russianцинк
  • RusynЦінк
  • Sicilianzincu
  • Serbo-CroatianCink
  • SlovakZinok
  • SlovenianCink
  • AlbanianZinku
  • Serbianцинк
  • Saterland FrisianZink
  • SundaneseSéng
  • Swedishzink
  • SwahiliZinki
  • Tamilதுத்தநாகம்
  • Teluguతుత్తునాగము
  • TajikРуҳ
  • Thaiสังกะสี
  • TagalogSink
  • TurkishÇinko
  • Uyghurسىنك
  • Ukrainianцинк
  • Urduخارصین
  • UzbekRux
  • VepsCink
  • Vietnamesekẽm
  • WaraySingk
  • KalmykЦинкон
  • Yiddishצינק
  • YorubaZinc
  • Chinese
  • KomiЦинк
  • Central Kurdishزینک
  • ShonaZeng'e
  • Northern FrisianSink
  • Odiaଦସ୍ତା
  • PiedmonteseZinch
  • KikuyuZinc
  • Western MariЦинк
  • Sanskritदस्ता
  • FaroeseSink
  • Scotszinc
  • MirandeseZinco
  • SomaliSinki
  • ErzyaЦинк
  • Literary Chinese
  • Min Nan ChineseA-iân
  • VõroTsink
  • Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Цынк
  • Cantonese
  • Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)
  • Chinese (Taiwan)
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (China)
  • KyrgyzЦинк
  • cdoSĭng
  • LimburgishZink
  • LombardZinch
  • Malteseżingu
  • Nepaliजस्ता
  • Scottish GaelicSinc
  • Portuguese (Brazil)zinco
  • Bhojpuriजस्ता
  • Tibetanཏི་ཚ།
  • Sindhiجست
  • Paliजिंक
  • oloCinku
  • azbزنگ
  • kbpSɛŋkɩ
  • Assameseজিংক
  • Upper SorbianCynk
  • AromanianZinc
  • Lingua Franca Novazinco
  • Wu Chinese
  • Tatarтутыя
  • KabyleAzzeng
  • hywԶինկ
  • SardinianZingu
  • Tatar (Cyrillic)тутыя
  • Moroccan Arabicزنك
  • Egyptian Arabicزنك
  • FijianKapa
  • Cornishzynk
  • BikolZinc
  • lldZinch
  • MalagasyFanitso
  • BalineseSéng
  • DinkaKuat yom
  • HausaZinc
  • blkသဉ့်