Atomic Number | 66 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 162.5 |
Mass Number | 164 |
Group | |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | f |
Protons | 66 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 98 n0 |
Electrons | 66 e- |
Atomic Radius | 175 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 19 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 167 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 107 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 121 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
231 pm
|
Density | 8.55 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.352 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.93905 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 291 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | 290.4 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f10 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 2, 3, 4 |
Electronegativity |
1.22
|
Electrophilicity | 0.8854697492974827 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 2,840.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,685.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 10.7 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.00001 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 28.16 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.173 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.1 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000091 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000545 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000885625 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.046603
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | 87 K
|
Neel Point | 178 K
|
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.59 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | 41 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 25 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 61 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.25
|
Speed of Sound | 2,710 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | |
IUPAC Group | |
Glawe Number | 24 |
Mendeleev Number | 31 |
Pettifor Number | 25 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 950
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.2
|
Quantum Numbers | 5I8 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 7 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 32 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 32 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 600 ± 200 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 11% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2002 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 900 ± 140 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.3 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 90% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 10% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.06% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.6 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 9.1 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.5 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 33.2 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | -1.83 ± 0.018
|
Half Life | 67 ± 7 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.05% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.3 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | -0.034 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 4.2 ± 0.14 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.62 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 7.17 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 66.4% |
α (α emission) | 33.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | -0.27 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 17.9 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.3 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 94.4% |
α (α emission) | 5.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.38 ± 0.02 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 99.9% |
α (α emission) | 0.1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | -0.20342857142857 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 6.4 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.15 ± 0.09
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 99.9906% |
α (α emission) | 0.0094% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3 ± 1.5 My
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | -0.22466666666667 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 9.9 ± 0.2 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.96 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.056 ± 0.003
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | -0.20066666666667 ± 0.0013333333333333
|
Half Life | 8.14 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.29 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.095 ± 0.003
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 158 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 159 |
G-Factor | -0.236 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 144.4 ± 0.2 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.37 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 2.329 ± 0.018
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 160 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1938 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 18.889 ± 0.042
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 161 |
G-Factor | -0.1916 ± 0.0012
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.51 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 25.475 ± 0.036
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 162 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 24.896 ± 0.042
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 163 |
G-Factor | 0.2684 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.65 ± 0.02
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | - |
Abundance | 28.26 ± 0.054
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 164 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 165 |
G-Factor | -0.148 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 2.332 ± 0.004 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 3.48 ± 0.07
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 166 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 81.6 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 167 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.2 ± 0.08 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 168 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 169 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 39 ± 8 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 170 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 54.9 ± 8 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 171 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.07 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 172 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.4 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 173 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.43 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 174 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2012 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 175 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 176 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, while working with holmium oxide, separated dysprosium oxide from it in Paris in 1886. His procedure for isolating the dysprosium involved dissolving dysprosium oxide in acid, then adding ammonia to precipitate the hydroxide. It was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s. From the Greek word dysprositos, meaning hard to get at
Discoverers | Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1886 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: dysprositos (hard to get at). |
Pronunciation | dis-PRO-si-em (English) |
Usually found with erbium, holmium and other rare earths in some minerals such as monazite sand, which is often 50% rare earth by weight.
Abundance | |
---|---|
Abundance in Earth's crust | 5.2 mg/kg
|
Abundance in Oceans | 0.00000091 mg/L
|
Abundance in Human Body | |
Abundance in Meteor | 0.000027 %
|
Abundance in Sun | 0.0000002 %
|
Abundance in Universe | 0.0000002 %
|
1 | s | 1.2914 |
2 | p | 4.3204 |
2 | s | 17.2906 |
3 | d | 13.6701 |
3 | p | 20.1195 |
3 | s | 20.6067 |
4 | d | 34.982 |
4 | f | 39.464 |
4 | p | 32.174 |
4 | s | 31.408 |
5 | p | 48.873 |
5 | s | 46.696 |
6 | s | 57.6564 |