Terbium (Tb)

Terbium is the 65th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Tb and atomic number of 65. It has an atomic weight of 158.92535 and a mass number of 159. Terbium has sixty-five protons and ninety-four neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-five electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Tb-159 is the only stable isotope, there are seventeen artificial isotopes. Discovered by G.G. Mosander in 1843.

Atomic Number	65
Atomic Weight	158.92535
Mass Number	159

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	65 p⁺
Neutrons	94 n⁰
Electrons	65 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	175 pm 276 pm
Molar Volume	19.2 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	168 pm 135 pm 194 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	92.3 pm 98 pm 104 pm 109.5 pm 76 pm 88 pm
Crystal Radius	106.3 pm 112 pm 118 pm 123.5 pm 90 pm 102 pm
Van der Waals Radius	233 pm 270 pm 345.1 pm
Density	8.23 g/cm³ 7,650 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.165 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.8638 eV/particle 11.52 eV/particle 21.91 eV/particle 39.36 eV/particle 66.5 eV/particle 90 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 143 eV/particle 168 eV/particle 186 eV/particle 216 eV/particle 250 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 294 eV/particle 325 eV/particle 358 eV/particle 393 eV/particle 426.6 eV/particle 613 eV/particle 651 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 732 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 816 eV/particle 866 eV/particle 909 eV/particle 954 eV/particle 997 eV/particle 1,165 eV/particle 1,208 eV/particle 1,256 eV/particle 1,301 eV/particle 1,393 eV/particle 1,443 eV/particle 1,559 eV/particle 1,610.38 eV/particle 2,750 eV/particle 2,852 eV/particle 2,961 eV/particle 3,078 eV/particle 3,189 eV/particle 3,300 eV/particle 3,458 eV/particle 3,573 eV/particle 3,698 eV/particle 3,814 eV/particle 4,139 eV/particle 4,242 eV/particle 4,355 eV/particle 4,460 eV/particle 4,760 eV/particle 4,877 eV/particle 5,103 eV/particle 5,217 eV/particle 11,673 eV/particle 11,957 eV/particle 12,272 eV/particle 12,563 eV/particle 13,658 eV/particle 14,003 eV/particle 14,434 eV/particle 14,721 eV/particle 59,739.25 eV/particle 61,049.64 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	389 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	388.7 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.198863
Electrophilicity	1.3142725121307568 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,503.15 K
Melting Point	1,632.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Terbium is a Silver. Tb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #30ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #30ffc7. The Appearance of Element 65 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #30ffc7 #30ffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	11.1 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000103 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	28.91 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.182 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	0.83 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000012 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000136 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000002161385 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.1117784
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point	222 K
Neel Point	230 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Terbium is HEX. The lattice constant of Tb is 3.6 Å. The lattice angles of Element 65 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.6 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Terbium has a Brinell of 677 MPa, and Vickers of 863 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Tb is 38.7 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 65 is 22 GPa. The Young Modulus of Terbium (Tb) is 56 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Terbium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Tb is 2620 m/s.
Hardness	677 MPa 863 MPa
Bulk Modulus	38.7 GPa
Shear Modulus	22 GPa
Young Modulus	56 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.26
Speed of Sound	2,620 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Terbium is 25. The Mendeleev Number of Tb is 29. The Pettifor Number of Element 65 is 26. The Geochemical Class of Terbium (Tb) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Terbium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	25
Mendeleev Number	29
Pettifor Number	26
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Terbium is 170 plus or minus 20 a₀. Tb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2590 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 65 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Terbium (Tb) is 23. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Terbium is 0.009. The Quantum Numbers of Tb is 6H15/2. The Space Group of Element 65 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	170 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,590 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	23
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.009
Quantum Numbers	6H15/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Terbium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	39
Radioactive Isotopes	39

¹³⁵Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.964516 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	1.01 ± 0.28 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2004
Parity	-

¹³⁵Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹³⁶Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.96146 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

¹³⁶Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁷Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.95602 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹³⁷Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹³⁸Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.953193 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

¹³⁸Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
p (proton emission)	0%

¹³⁹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.94833 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor
Half Life	1.6 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

¹³⁹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹⁴⁰Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.945805048 ± 0.000859359 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor
Half Life	2.29 ± 0.15 s
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	3%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.26%

¹⁴¹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.941448 ± 0.000113 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	-

¹⁴¹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴²Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.939280858 ± 0.000752079 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor
Half Life	597 ± 17 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

¹⁴²Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	96.8%
ϵ (electron capture)	3.2%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.0022%

¹⁴³Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.935137332 ± 0.000055 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor
Half Life	12 ± 1 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

¹⁴³Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁴Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.933045 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

¹⁴⁴Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁵Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.928717001 ± 0.000119051 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	30.9 ± 0.6 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

¹⁴⁵Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.927252739 ± 0.000048159 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor
Half Life	8 ± 4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

¹⁴⁶Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁷Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.92405462 ± 0.000008691 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor	3.42 ± 0.1
Half Life	1.64 ± 0.03 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

¹⁴⁷Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁸Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.924275476 ± 0.000013379 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor	-0.88 ± 0.01
Half Life	60 ± 1 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.3 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	-

¹⁴⁸Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.923253792 ± 0.000003895 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor	2.72 ± 0.04
Half Life	4.118 ± 0.025 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹⁴⁹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	83.3%
α (α emission)	16.7%

¹⁵⁰Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.923664799 ± 0.000007912 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor	-0.45 ± 0.01
Half Life	3.48 ± 0.16 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity

¹⁵⁰Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁵¹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.92310897 ± 0.000004395 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor	1.852 ± 0.012
Half Life	17.609 ± 0.001 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

¹⁵¹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.9905%
α (α emission)	0.0095%

¹⁵²Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.924081855 ± 0.000042955 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	-0.29 ± 0.01
Half Life	17.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.34 ± 0.13
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	-

¹⁵²Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	%

¹⁵³Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.923441694 ± 0.000004237 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor	1.388 ± 0.008
Half Life	2.34 ± 0.01 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.08 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

¹⁵³Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁴Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.924683681 ± 0.000048641 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor
Half Life	9.994 ± 0.039 h
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

¹⁵⁴Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁵⁵Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.923509511 ± 0.000010552 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor	1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
Half Life	5.32 ± 0.06 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.41 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

¹⁵⁵Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁶Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.924754209 ± 0.000004044 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0.56666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Half Life	5.35 ± 0.1 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.3 ± 0.8
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁵⁶Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁵⁷Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.924031888 ± 0.000001092 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor	1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
Half Life	71 ± 7 y
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.4 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

¹⁵⁷Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁸Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.925419942 ± 0.00000136 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0.58433333333333 ± 0.0023333333333333
Half Life	180 ± 11 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹⁵⁸Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	83.4%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	16.6%

¹⁵⁹Tb

Abundance	100
Relative Atomic Mass	158.925353707 ± 0.000001184 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor	1.3393333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.432 ± 0.008
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	159.927174553 ± 0.000001191 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor	0.566 ± 0.0026666666666667
Half Life	72.3 ± 0.2 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	3.85 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1943
Parity	-

¹⁶⁰Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶¹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.927576806 ± 0.000001308 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor	1.4666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Half Life	6.948 ± 0.005 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.3 ± 0.6
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

¹⁶¹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶²Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.9292754 ± 0.0000022 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor
Half Life	7.6 ± 0.15 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

¹⁶²Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.930653609 ± 0.000004358 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor
Half Life	19.5 ± 0.3 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

¹⁶³Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁴Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	163.933327561 ± 0.000002 Da
Mass Number	164
G-Factor
Half Life	3 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹⁶⁴Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁵Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	164.934955198 ± 0.000001654 Da
Mass Number	165
G-Factor
Half Life	2.11 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	+

¹⁶⁵Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁶Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	165.937939727 ± 0.00000157 Da
Mass Number	166
G-Factor
Half Life	27.1 ± 1.5 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

¹⁶⁶Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁷Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	166.940007046 ± 0.000002071 Da
Mass Number	167
G-Factor
Half Life	18.9 ± 1.6 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

¹⁶⁷Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁸Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	167.943337074 ± 0.0000045 Da
Mass Number	168
G-Factor
Half Life	9.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

¹⁶⁸Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	168.945807 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	169
G-Factor
Half Life	5.13 ± 0.32 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁶⁹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁰Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	169.949855 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	170
G-Factor
Half Life	960 ± 78 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁷⁰Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷¹Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	170.953011 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	171
G-Factor
Half Life	1.23 ± 0.1 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁷¹Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷²Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	171.957391 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	172
G-Factor
Half Life	760 ± 190 ms
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁷²Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷³Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	172.960805 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	173
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁷³Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁷⁴Tb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	173.965679 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	174
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

¹⁷⁴Tb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that was essentially colorless in solution, but gave a brown-tinged oxide was terbium. Terbium was named after Ytterby, a town in Sweden

Discoverers	Carl Mosander
Discovery Location	Sweden
Discovery Year	1843
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden.
Pronunciation	TUR-bi-em (English)

Terbium is considered to be moderately toxic

Terbium is soft enough to be cut with a knife

Uses

Terbium is used in alloys and in the production of electronic devices. It is also used as a dopant for materials in solid-state devices and optical fibers. Terbium oxide is in fluorescent lamps and TV tubes. The brilliant fluorescence allows terbium to be used as a probe in biochemistry. It is used in modest amounts in special lasers and solid-state devices.

Sources

Found with other rare earths in monazite sand, which typically contain 0.03% terbium. Other sources are xenotime and euxenite, both of which are oxide mixtures that can contain up to 1% terbium.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	1.2 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00000014 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.0000039 %
Abundance in Sun	0.00000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.2739
2	p	4.3076
2	s	17.0278
3	d	13.7015
3	p	19.9853
3	s	20.4485
4	d	34.69
4	f	39.1352
4	p	31.6012
4	s	30.98
5	p	48.039
5	s	45.8295
6	s	56.6996

Terbium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3583
CAB ID	258536
CAS Registry Number	7440-27-9
ChEBI ID	33376
ChemSpider ID	22397
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6047656
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3064691
Den Store Danske ID	terbium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.306
Elhuyar ZTH ID	031085
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	233604
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/terbium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	terbium
Freebase ID	/m/025sk71
French Vikidia ID	Terbium
GND ID	4184744-1
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0145694
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4188483
InChI	InChI=1S/Tb
InChIKey	GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Terbium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85133986
MeSH descriptor ID	D013725
NALT ID	60930
NE.se ID	terbium
Namuwiki ID	터븀
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007529656805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	364226
OpenAlex ID	C549856995
PubChem CID	23958
RxNorm ID	1367186
Römpp online ID	RD-20-00690
Store norske leksikon ID	terbium
Treccani ID	terbio
UNII	06SSF7P179
USGS Thesaurus ID	1590
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14681745-n

Terbium (Tb)

Properties

Isotopes of Terbium

135Tb

135Tb Decay Modes

136Tb

136Tb Decay Modes

137Tb

137Tb Decay Modes

138Tb

138Tb Decay Modes

139Tb

139Tb Decay Modes

140Tb

140Tb Decay Modes

141Tb

141Tb Decay Modes

142Tb

142Tb Decay Modes

143Tb

143Tb Decay Modes

144Tb

144Tb Decay Modes

145Tb

145Tb Decay Modes

146Tb

146Tb Decay Modes

147Tb

147Tb Decay Modes

148Tb

148Tb Decay Modes

149Tb

149Tb Decay Modes

150Tb

150Tb Decay Modes

151Tb

151Tb Decay Modes

152Tb

152Tb Decay Modes

153Tb

153Tb Decay Modes

154Tb

154Tb Decay Modes

155Tb

155Tb Decay Modes

156Tb

156Tb Decay Modes

157Tb

157Tb Decay Modes

158Tb

158Tb Decay Modes

159Tb

160Tb

160Tb Decay Modes

161Tb

161Tb Decay Modes

162Tb

162Tb Decay Modes

163Tb

163Tb Decay Modes

164Tb

164Tb Decay Modes

165Tb

165Tb Decay Modes

166Tb

166Tb Decay Modes

167Tb

167Tb Decay Modes

168Tb

168Tb Decay Modes

169Tb

169Tb Decay Modes

170Tb

170Tb Decay Modes

171Tb

171Tb Decay Modes

172Tb

172Tb Decay Modes

173Tb

173Tb Decay Modes