Terbium (Tb)

Terbium is the 65th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Tb and atomic number of 65. It has an atomic weight of 158.92535 and a mass number of 159. Terbium has sixty-five protons and ninety-four neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-five electrons in six shells. It is located in group Lanthanides, period six and block f of the periodic table. Silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Tb-159 is the only stable isotope, there are seventeen artificial isotopes. Discovered by G.G. Mosander in 1843.

Atomic Number	65
Atomic Weight	158.92535
Mass Number	159

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	65 p⁺
Neutrons	94 n⁰
Electrons	65 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	175 pm 276 pm
Molar Volume	19.2 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	168 pm 135 pm 194 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	92.3 pm 98 pm 104 pm 109.5 pm 76 pm 88 pm
Crystal Radius	106.3 pm 112 pm 118 pm 123.5 pm 90 pm 102 pm
Van der Waals Radius	233 pm 270 pm 345.1 pm
Density	8.23 g/cm³ 7,650 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	1.165 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.8638 eV/particle 11.52 eV/particle 21.91 eV/particle 39.36 eV/particle 66.5 eV/particle 90 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 143 eV/particle 168 eV/particle 186 eV/particle 216 eV/particle 250 eV/particle 270 eV/particle 294 eV/particle 325 eV/particle 358 eV/particle 393 eV/particle 426.6 eV/particle 613 eV/particle 651 eV/particle 690 eV/particle 732 eV/particle 772 eV/particle 816 eV/particle 866 eV/particle 909 eV/particle 954 eV/particle 997 eV/particle 1,165 eV/particle 1,208 eV/particle 1,256 eV/particle 1,301 eV/particle 1,393 eV/particle 1,443 eV/particle 1,559 eV/particle 1,610.38 eV/particle 2,750 eV/particle 2,852 eV/particle 2,961 eV/particle 3,078 eV/particle 3,189 eV/particle 3,300 eV/particle 3,458 eV/particle 3,573 eV/particle 3,698 eV/particle 3,814 eV/particle 4,139 eV/particle 4,242 eV/particle 4,355 eV/particle 4,460 eV/particle 4,760 eV/particle 4,877 eV/particle 5,103 eV/particle 5,217 eV/particle 11,673 eV/particle 11,957 eV/particle 12,272 eV/particle 12,563 eV/particle 13,658 eV/particle 14,003 eV/particle 14,434 eV/particle 14,721 eV/particle 59,739.25 eV/particle 61,049.64 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	389 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	388.7 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁹ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f⁹ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.198863
Electrophilicity Index	1.3142725121307568 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,503.15 K
Melting Point	1,632.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Terbium is a Silver. Tb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #30ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #30ffc7. The Appearance of Element 65 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #30ffc7 #30ffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	11.1 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000103 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	28.91 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.182 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	0.83 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000012 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000136 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000002161385 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.1117784
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point	222 K
Neel Point	230 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Terbium is HEX. The lattice constant of Tb is 3.6 Å. The lattice angles of Element 65 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.6 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Terbium has a Brinell of 677 MPa, and Vickers of 863 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Tb is 38.7 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 65 is 22 GPa. The Young Modulus of Terbium (Tb) is 56 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Terbium is 0.26. The Speed of Sound of Tb is 2620 m/s.
Hardness	677 MPa 863 MPa
Bulk Modulus	38.7 GPa
Shear Modulus	22 GPa
Young's Modulus	56 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.26
Speed of Sound	2,620 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Terbium is 25. The Mendeleev Number of Tb is 29. The Pettifor Number of Element 65 is 26. The Geochemical Class of Terbium (Tb) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Terbium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	25
Mendeleev Number	29
Pettifor Number	26
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Terbium is 170 plus or minus 20 a₀. Tb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2590 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 65 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Terbium (Tb) is 23. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Terbium is 0.009. The Quantum Numbers of Tb is 6H15/2. The Space Group of Element 65 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	170 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,590 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	23
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.009
Quantum Numbers	6H15/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Terbium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	39
Natural Isotopes	1

¹³⁵Tb

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	134.964516 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.01 ± 0.28 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2004
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹³⁶Tb

Mass Number	136
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	135.96146 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³⁷Tb

Mass Number	137
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	136.95602 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹³⁸Tb

Mass Number	138
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	137.953193 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)	0%

¹³⁹Tb

Mass Number	139
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	138.94833 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.6 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁴⁰Tb

Mass Number	140
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	139.945805048 ± 0.000859359 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.29 ± 0.15 s
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	3%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.26%

¹⁴¹Tb

Mass Number	141
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	140.941448 ± 0.000113 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴²Tb

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	141.939280858 ± 0.000752079 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	597 ± 17 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1991
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	96.8%
ϵ (electron capture)	3.2%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.0022%

¹⁴³Tb

Mass Number	143
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	142.935137332 ± 0.000055 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	12 ± 1 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁴Tb

Mass Number	144
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	143.933045 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁵Tb

Mass Number	145
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	144.928717001 ± 0.000119051 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	30.9 ± 0.6 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1981
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Tb

Mass Number	146
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	145.927252739 ± 0.000048159 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8 ± 4 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁷Tb

Mass Number	147
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	146.92405462 ± 0.000008691 Da
G-Factor	3.42 ± 0.1
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.64 ± 0.03 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁸Tb

Mass Number	148
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	147.924275476 ± 0.000013379 Da
G-Factor	-0.88 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	60 ± 1 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.3 ± 0.2
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁹Tb

Mass Number	149
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	148.923253792 ± 0.000003895 Da
G-Factor	2.72 ± 0.04
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.118 ± 0.025 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	83.3%
α (α emission)	16.7%

¹⁵⁰Tb

Mass Number	150
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	149.923664799 ± 0.000007912 Da
G-Factor	-0.45 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.48 ± 0.16 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1959
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵¹Tb

Mass Number	151
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	150.92310897 ± 0.000004395 Da
G-Factor	1.852 ± 0.012
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.609 ± 0.001 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.9905%
α (α emission)	0.0095%

¹⁵²Tb

Mass Number	152
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	151.924081855 ± 0.000042955 Da
G-Factor	-0.29 ± 0.01
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.5 ± 0.1 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.34 ± 0.13
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)

¹⁵³Tb

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	152.923441694 ± 0.000004237 Da
G-Factor	1.388 ± 0.008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.34 ± 0.01 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.08 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁴Tb

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	153.924683681 ± 0.000048641 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.994 ± 0.039 h
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁵⁵Tb

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	154.923509511 ± 0.000010552 Da
G-Factor	1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.32 ± 0.06 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.41 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁶Tb

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	155.924754209 ± 0.000004044 Da
G-Factor	0.56666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.35 ± 0.1 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.3 ± 0.8
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁵⁷Tb

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	156.924031888 ± 0.000001092 Da
G-Factor	1.3533333333333 ± 0.013333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	71 ± 7 y
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.4 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁸Tb

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	157.925419942 ± 0.00000136 Da
G-Factor	0.58433333333333 ± 0.0023333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	180 ± 11 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	83.4%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	16.6%

¹⁵⁹Tb

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	158.925353707 ± 0.000001184 Da
G-Factor	1.3393333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
Abundance	100
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.432 ± 0.008
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁶⁰Tb

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	159.927174553 ± 0.000001191 Da
G-Factor	0.566 ± 0.0026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	72.3 ± 0.2 d
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	3.85 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1943
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶¹Tb

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	160.927576806 ± 0.000001308 Da
G-Factor	1.4666666666667 ± 0.066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.948 ± 0.005 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.3 ± 0.6
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶²Tb

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	161.9292754 ± 0.0000022 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.6 ± 0.15 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Tb

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	162.930653609 ± 0.000004358 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.5 ± 0.3 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁴Tb

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	163.933327561 ± 0.000002 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁵Tb

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	164.934955198 ± 0.000001654 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.11 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1983
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁶Tb

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	165.937939727 ± 0.00000157 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	27.1 ± 1.5 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁷Tb

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	166.940007046 ± 0.000002071 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.9 ± 1.6 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁸Tb

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	167.943337074 ± 0.0000045 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.4 ± 0.4 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1999
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁹Tb

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	168.945807 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.13 ± 0.32 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁷⁰Tb

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	169.949855 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	960 ± 78 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁷¹Tb

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	170.953011 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.23 ± 0.1 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁷²Tb

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	171.957391 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	760 ± 190 ms
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁷³Tb

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	172.960805 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁷⁴Tb

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	173.965679 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that was essentially colorless in solution, but gave a brown-tinged oxide was terbium. Terbium was named after Ytterby, a town in Sweden

Discoverers	Carl Mosander
Discovery Location	Sweden
Discovery Year	1843
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden.
Pronunciation	TUR-bi-em (English)

Terbium is considered to be moderately toxic

Terbium is soft enough to be cut with a knife

Uses

Terbium is used in alloys and in the production of electronic devices. It is also used as a dopant for materials in solid-state devices and optical fibers. Terbium oxide is in fluorescent lamps and TV tubes. The brilliant fluorescence allows terbium to be used as a probe in biochemistry. It is used in modest amounts in special lasers and solid-state devices.

Sources

Found with other rare earths in monazite sand, which typically contain 0.03% terbium. Other sources are xenotime and euxenite, both of which are oxide mixtures that can contain up to 1% terbium.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	1.2 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00000014 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000039 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.00000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.2739
2	p	4.3076
2	s	17.0278
3	d	13.7015
3	p	19.9853
3	s	20.4485
4	d	34.69
4	f	39.1352
4	p	31.6012
4	s	30.98
5	p	48.039
5	s	45.8295
6	s	56.6996

Also Known As

Tb
element 65
65Tb

Translations

Frenchterbium
Italianterbio
GermanTerbium
Amharicተርቢየም
Arabicتربيوم
AzerbaijaniTerbitium
BelarusianТэрбій
Bulgarianтербий
Banglaটারবিয়াম
Bosnianterbij
Catalanterbi
CorsicanTerbiu
Czechterbium
ChuvashТерби
WelshTerbiwm
Danishterbium
Greekτέρβιο
Esperantoterbio
Spanishterbio
EstonianTerbium
Basqueterbio
Persianتربیم
Finnishterbium
FriulianTerbi
Irishteirbiam
GalicianTerbio
ManxÇherbium
Hakka Chineseterbium
Hebrewטרביום
Hindiटर्बियम
Fiji HindiTerbium
CroatianTerbij
Hungarianterbium
Armenianտերբիում
Interlinguaterbium
Indonesianterbium
Idoterbio
Japaneseテルビウム
Lojbanjinmrterbi
JavaneseTerbium
Georgianტერბიუმი
Kannadaಟೆರ್ಬಿಯಮ್
Korean터븀
KomiТербий
Latinterbium
LuxembourgishTerbium
LigurianTerbio
LithuanianTerbis
Latvianterbijs
Malayalamടെർബിയം
Marathiटर्बियम
Western MariТербий
MalayTerbium
Burmeseတာဘီယမ်
Dutchterbium
Norwegian Nynorskterbium
Polishterb
Western Panjabiٹربیم
Portuguesetérbio
QuechuaTerbyu
Romanianterbiu
Russianтербий
YakutТербиум
Sicilianterbiu
Serbo-CroatianTerbijum
Slovakterbium
SlovenianTerbij
Serbianтербијум
Saterland FrisianTerbium
Swedishterbium
Tamilடெர்பியம்
Thaiเทอร์เบียม
TurkishTerbiyum
Uyghurتېربىي
Ukrainianтербій
Urduٹربیئم
VepsTerbii
Vietnameseterbi
WarayTerbyo
KalmykТербиүм
YorubaTerbium
Chinese铽
Norwegian Bokmålterbium
BretonTerbiom
CebuanoTerbyo
Macedonianтербиум
Central Kurdishتێربیۆم
KazakhТербий
Odiaଟର୍ବିଅମ
Gujaratiટર્બિયમ
Occitantèrbi
PiedmonteseTerbio
TatarТербий
Cantonese鋱
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Тэрб
AlbanianTerbiumi
AromanianTerbiu
KyrgyzТербий
Newariटर्बियम
Sanskritटर्बियम
Malteseterbju
Scottish GaelicTerbium
Portuguese (Brazil)térbio
Nepaliटर्बियम
Paliटर्बियम
Teluguటెర్బియం
LimburgishTerbium
cdoTerbium
Min Nan ChineseTerbium
UzbekTerbiy
AfrikaansTerbium
Bhojpuriटर्बियम
AsturianTerbiu
Tajikтербий
Lingua Franca Novaterbio
TagalogTerbiyo
Literary Chinese鋱
kbpTɛrɩbɩyɔm
oloTerbii
Northern FrisianTerbium
Chinese (Traditional)鋱
Chinese (Taiwan)鋱
Mongolianтерби
SardinianTèrbiu
Wu Chinese铽
English (United Kingdom)terbium
SwahiliTerbi
Moroccan Arabicطيربيوم
BashkirТербий
Egyptian Arabicتربيوم
Pashtoتېربيوم
CornishTerbiom
BalineseTerbium
Punjabiਟਰਬੀਅਮ

Terbium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3583
CAB ID	258536
CAS Registry Number	7440-27-9
ChEBI ID	33376
ChemSpider ID	22397
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6047656
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3064691
Den Store Danske ID	terbium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.306
Elhuyar ZTH ID	031085
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	233604
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/terbium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	terbium
Freebase ID	/m/025sk71
French Vikidia ID	Terbium
GND ID	4184744-1
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0145694
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4188483
InChI	InChI=1S/Tb
InChIKey	GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Terbium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85133986
MeSH descriptor ID	D013725
NALT ID	60930
NE.se ID	terbium
Namuwiki ID	터븀
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007529656805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	364226
OpenAlex ID	C549856995
PubChem CID	23958
RxNorm ID	1367186
Römpp online ID	RD-20-00690
Store norske leksikon ID	terbium
Treccani ID	terbio
UNII	06SSF7P179
USGS Thesaurus ID	1590
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14681745-n

Terbium (Tb)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Terbium

135Tb

136Tb

137Tb

138Tb

139Tb

140Tb

141Tb

142Tb

143Tb

144Tb

145Tb

146Tb

147Tb

148Tb

149Tb

150Tb

151Tb

152Tb

153Tb

154Tb

155Tb

156Tb

157Tb

158Tb

159Tb

160Tb

161Tb

162Tb

163Tb

164Tb

165Tb

166Tb

167Tb

168Tb

169Tb

170Tb

171Tb

172Tb

173Tb

174Tb