Erbium (Er)

Erbium is the 68th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Er and atomic number of 68. It has an atomic weight of 167.259 and a mass number of 166. Erbium has sixty-eight protons and ninety-eight neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-eight electrons in six shells. It is located in group Lanthanides, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft silvery metallic element which belongs to the lanthanoids. Six natural isotopes that are stable. Twelve artificial isotopes are known. Used in nuclear technology as a neutron absorber. It is being investigated for other possible uses. Discovered by Carl G. Mosander in 1843.

Atomic Number	68
Atomic Weight	167.259
Mass Number	166

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	68 p⁺
Neutrons	98 n⁰
Electrons	68 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	175 pm 272 pm
Molar Volume	18.4 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	165 pm 133 pm 189 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	89 pm 94.5 pm 100.4 pm 106.2 pm
Crystal Radius	103 pm 108.5 pm 114.4 pm 120.2 pm
Van der Waals Radius	229 pm 267 pm 339.1 pm
Density	9.07 g/cm³ 8,860 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	6.1077 eV/particle 11.93 eV/particle 22.74 eV/particle 42.7 eV/particle 65.1 eV/particle 96 eV/particle 114 eV/particle 131 eV/particle 158 eV/particle 177 eV/particle 201 eV/particle 235 eV/particle 268 eV/particle 290 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 345 eV/particle 381 eV/particle 415 eV/particle 450 eV/particle 486 eV/particle 520 eV/particle 555 eV/particle 770 eV/particle 810 eV/particle 853 eV/particle 899 eV/particle 943 eV/particle 989 eV/particle 1,046 eV/particle 1,092 eV/particle 1,142 eV/particle 1,188 eV/particle 1,370 eV/particle 1,416 eV/particle 1,468 eV/particle 1,516 eV/particle 1,625 eV/particle 1,678 eV/particle 1,803 eV/particle 1,859 eV/particle 3,157 eV/particle 3,265 eV/particle 3,381 eV/particle 3,505 eV/particle 3,624 eV/particle 3,742 eV/particle 3,916 eV/particle 4,038 eV/particle 4,170 eV/particle 4,294 eV/particle 4,639 eV/particle 4,748 eV/particle 4,866 eV/particle 4,978 eV/particle 5,329 eV/particle 5,455 eV/particle 5,695 eV/particle 5,815 eV/particle 12,918 eV/particle 13,217 eV/particle 13,548 eV/particle 13,855 eV/particle 15,146 eV/particle 15,511 eV/particle 15,971 eV/particle 16,274.56 eV/particle 65,848.24 eV/particle 67,241.85 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	317 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	316.4 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹² 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹² 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.212261 1.24
Electrophilicity Index
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,141.15 K
Melting Point	1,802.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Erbium is a Silver. Er has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #00e675, and MOLCAS GV of #00e675. The Appearance of Element 68 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #00e675 #00e675
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion	0.0000122 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	28.12 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.168 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.2 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000086 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000377 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000630566 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0341788
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point	32 K
Neel Point	82 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Erbium is HEX. The lattice constant of Er is 3.56 Å. The lattice angles of Element 68 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.56 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Erbium has a Brinell of 814 MPa, and Vickers of 589 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Er is 44 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 68 is 28 GPa. The Young Modulus of Erbium (Er) is 70 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Erbium is 0.24. The Speed of Sound of Er is 2830 m/s.
Hardness	814 MPa 589 MPa
Bulk Modulus	44 GPa
Shear Modulus	28 GPa
Young's Modulus	70 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.24
Speed of Sound	2,830 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Erbium is 22. The Mendeleev Number of Er is 35. The Pettifor Number of Element 68 is 23. The Geochemical Class of Erbium (Er) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Erbium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	22
Mendeleev Number	35
Pettifor Number	23
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Erbium is 150 plus or minus 10 a₀. Er has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2150 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 68 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Erbium (Er) is 165. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Erbium is 0.036. The Quantum Numbers of Er is 3H6. The Space Group of Element 68 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	150 ± 10 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,150 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	165
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.036
Quantum Numbers	3H6
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Erbium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	36
Natural Isotopes	6

¹⁴²Er

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	141.970016 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)

¹⁴³Er

Mass Number	143
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	142.966548 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁴⁴Er

Mass Number	144
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	143.9607 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2003
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹⁴⁵Er

Mass Number	145
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	144.957874 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	900 ± 200 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁴⁶Er

Mass Number	146
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	145.952418357 ± 0.000007197 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.7 ± 0.6 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁴⁷Er

Mass Number	147
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	146.949964456 ± 0.000041 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.2 ± 1.2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹⁴⁸Er

Mass Number	148
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	147.944735026 ± 0.000011 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.6 ± 0.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.15%

¹⁴⁹Er

Mass Number	149
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	148.942306 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	7%

¹⁵⁰Er

Mass Number	150
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	149.937915524 ± 0.000018458 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.5 ± 0.7 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵¹Er

Mass Number	151
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	150.937448567 ± 0.000017681 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.5 ± 2 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵²Er

Mass Number	152
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	151.935050347 ± 0.000009478 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.1 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	90%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	10%

¹⁵³Er

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	152.93508635 ± 0.000009967 Da
G-Factor	-0.26628571428571 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	37.1 ± 0.2 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.42 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	53%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	47%

¹⁵⁴Er

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	153.932790799 ± 0.000005325 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.73 ± 0.09 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.47%

¹⁵⁵Er

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	154.93321571 ± 0.00000652 Da
G-Factor	-0.19028571428571 ± 0.0014285714285714
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.27 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	99.978%
α (α emission)	0.022%

¹⁵⁶Er

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	155.931065926 ± 0.00002644 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	19.5 ± 1 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	1.2%

¹⁵⁷Er

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	156.931922652 ± 0.000028454 Da
G-Factor	-0.274 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.65 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.92 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵⁸Er

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	157.929893474 ± 0.000027074 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.29 ± 0.06 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁹Er

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	158.93069079 ± 0.00000391 Da
G-Factor	-0.202 ± 0.0013333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	36 ± 1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.17 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1962
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁰Er

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	159.929077193 ± 0.000026029 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	28.58 ± 0.09 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁶¹Er

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	160.93000353 ± 0.000009419 Da
G-Factor	-0.24266666666667 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.21 ± 0.03 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.363 ± 0.008
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶²Er

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	161.928787299 ± 0.000000811 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.139 ± 0.005
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁶³Er

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	162.930039908 ± 0.000004967 Da
G-Factor	0.2224 ± 0.0016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	75 ± 0.4 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.56 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁶⁴Er

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	163.929207739 ± 0.000000755 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	1.601 ± 0.003
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹⁶⁵Er

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	164.930733482 ± 0.000000985 Da
G-Factor	0.2564 ± 0.0016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.36 ± 0.04 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.71 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁶⁶Er

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	165.930301067 ± 0.000000358 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	33.503 ± 0.036
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁶⁷Er

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	166.932056192 ± 0.000000306 Da
G-Factor	-0.16065714285714 ± 0.00011428571428571
Abundance	22.869 ± 0.009
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	3.57 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁶⁸Er

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	167.932378282 ± 0.00000028 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	26.978 ± 0.018
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

¹⁶⁹Er

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	168.934598444 ± 0.000000326 Da
G-Factor	0.9656 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.392 ± 0.018 d
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁰Er

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	169.935471933 ± 0.000001488 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	14.91 ± 0.036
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1934
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)
α (α emission)

¹⁷¹Er

Mass Number	171
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	170.938037372 ± 0.000001511 Da
G-Factor	0.2628 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.516 ± 0.002 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.86 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷²Er

Mass Number	172
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	171.939363461 ± 0.000004253 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	49.3 ± 0.5 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷³Er

Mass Number	173
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	172.9424 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.434 ± 0.017 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁴Er

Mass Number	174
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	173.94423 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.2 ± 0.2 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁵Er

Mass Number	175
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	174.94777 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.2 ± 0.3 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁷⁶Er

Mass Number	176
Neutron Number	108
Relative Atomic Mass	175.94994 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁷⁷Er

Mass Number	177
Neutron Number	109
Relative Atomic Mass	176.95399 ± 0.00054 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁷⁸Er

Mass Number	178
Neutron Number	110
Relative Atomic Mass	177.956779 ± 0.00064 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁷⁹Er

Mass Number	179
Neutron Number	111
Relative Atomic Mass	178.961267 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁸⁰Er

Mass Number	180
Neutron Number	112
Relative Atomic Mass	179.96438 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Erbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who detected it as an impurity in yttria. Using ammonium hydroxide he precipitated fractions of different basicity from yttria. In these fractions he found that the fraction that contained the pink color was erbium. Erbium was named after Ytterby, a town in Sweden

Discoverers	Carl Mosander
Discovery Location	Sweden
Discovery Year	1843
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the Swedish town, Ytterby.
Pronunciation	UR-bi-em (English)

Erbium is considered to be moderately toxic

The highest concentration of erbium in humans is in the bones

Uses

Erbium is used in photographic filters to absorb infrared light. Erbium oxide gives a pink color and has been used as a colorant in glasses and porcelain enamel glazes. It is also used in nuclear technology in neutron-absorbing control rods. Erbium is used in alloys especially with vanadium to decrease the hardness of metals. Erbium oxide is used in ceramics to obtain a pink glaze. Also a few uses in the nuclear industry and as an alloying agent for other exotic metals. For example, it increases the malleability of vanadium.

Sources

Found with other heavier rare earths in xenotime and euxerite.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	3.5 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00000087 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000018 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000001 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.3263
2	p	4.346
2	s	17.7984
3	d	13.6397
3	p	20.3891
3	s	20.9231
4	d	35.7288
4	f	40.0216
4	p	32.8908
4	s	31.768
5	p	50.528
5	s	48.282
6	s	59.5238

Also Known As

Er
element 68
68Er

Translations

Frencherbium
Italianerbio
GermanErbium
Amharicኢርቢየም
Arabicإربيوم
AzerbaijaniErbium
Belarusianэрбій
Bulgarianербий
Banglaআরবিয়াম
Bosnianerbij
Catalanerbi
CorsicanErbiu
Czecherbium
ChuvashЭрби
WelshErbiwm
Danisherbium
Greekέρβιο
Esperantoerbio
Spanisherbio
EstonianErbium
Basqueerbio
Persianاربیم
Finnisherbium
FriulianErbi
Irisheirbiam
GalicianErbio
ManxErbium
Hakka Chineseerbium
Hebrewארביום
Hindiअर्बियम
Fiji HindiErbium
CroatianErbij
Hungarianerbium
Armenianէրբիում
Interlinguaerbium
Indonesianerbium
Idoerbio
Japaneseエルビウム
Lojbanjinmrberbi
JavaneseErbium
Georgianერბიუმი
Korean어븀
KomiЭрбий
Latinerbium
LuxembourgishErbium
LigurianÆrbio
LithuanianErbis
Latvianerbijs
Malayalamഎർബിയം
Marathiअर्बियम
Western MariЭрбий
MalayErbium
Burmeseအာဘီယမ်
Dutcherbium
Norwegian Nynorskerbium
OccitanÈrbi
Polisherb
PiedmonteseErbio
Western Panjabiاربیم
Portugueseérbio
QuechuaErbyu
Romanianerbiu
Russianэрбий
YakutЭрбиум
Sicilianerbiu
Serbo-CroatianErbijum
Slovakerbium
SlovenianErbij
AlbanianErbiumi
Serbianербијум
Saterland FrisianErbium
Swedisherbium
Tamilஎர்பியம்
Thaiเออร์เบียม
TurkishErbiyum
Uyghurئېربىي
Ukrainianербій
Urduعیربیئم
VepsErbii
Vietnameseerbi
WarayErbyo
KalmykЭрбиүм
YorubaErbium
Chinese鉺
Norwegian Bokmålerbium
BretonErbiom
CebuanoErbyo
Macedonianербиум
Central Kurdishئێربیۆم
KazakhЭрбий
Odiaଏର୍ବିଅମ
Gujaratiઅર્બિયમ
TatarЭрбий
Cantonese鉺
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Эрб
Chinese (China)铒
Chinese (Simplified)铒
Chinese (Traditional)鉺
Chinese (Taiwan)鉺
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鉺
AromanianErbiu
UzbekErbiy
Nepaliअर्बियम
KyrgyzЭрбий
Newariअर्बियम
Sanskritअर्बियम
Teluguఇర్బియం
Malteseerbju
Portuguese (Brazil)érbio
Paliअर्बियम
Kannadaಎರ್ಬಿಯಮ್
cdoErbium
Min Nan ChineseErbium
LimburgishErbium
Bhojpuriअर्बियम
AsturianErbiu
Tajikэрбий
Lingua Franca Novaerbio
TagalogErbiyo
Scottish GaelicErbium
Literary Chinese鉺
AfrikaansErbium
kbpƐrbɩyɔm
oloErbii
Northern FrisianErbium
Mongolianэрби
Wu Chinese铒
SardinianÈrbiu
English (United Kingdom)erbium
Moroccan Arabicإيربيوم
BashkirЭрбий
Egyptian Arabicاربيوم
Pashtoاېربيوم
CornishErbiom
Manipuriꯑꯦꯔꯕꯤꯌꯝ
BalineseÉrbium
Punjabiਅਬਰੀਅਮ

Erbium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3517
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	er-30
CAS Registry Number	7440-52-0
ChEBI ID	33379
ChemSpider ID	22416
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID1047659
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064694
De Agostini ID	èrbio
Den Store Danske ID	erbium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.327
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023062
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/erbium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	erbium
Freebase ID	/m/028bg3q
GND ID	4152588-7
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4937360
InChI	InChI=1S/Er
InChIKey	UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Erbium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85044573
MeSH descriptor ID	D004871
NALT ID	37808
Namuwiki ID	어븀
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007552901505171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	158202
OpenAlex ID	C513967374
PubChem CID	23980
RxNorm ID	1311483
Römpp online ID	RD-05-01479
Store norske leksikon ID	erbium
Treccani ID	erbio
UNII	77B218D3YE
USGS Thesaurus ID	1447
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14661166-n
YSO ID	38979
ZVG number	7680

Erbium (Er)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Erbium

142Er

143Er

144Er

145Er

146Er

147Er

148Er

149Er

150Er

151Er

152Er

153Er

154Er

155Er

156Er

157Er

158Er

159Er

160Er

161Er

162Er

163Er

164Er

165Er

166Er

167Er

168Er

169Er

170Er

171Er

172Er

173Er

174Er

175Er

176Er

177Er

178Er

179Er

180Er