Europium (Eu)

Europium is the 63rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Eu and atomic number of 63. It has an atomic weight of 151.964 and a mass number of 153. Europium has sixty-three protons and ninety neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-three electrons in six shells. It is located in group Lanthanides, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Eu-151 and Eu-153 are the only two stable isotopes, both of which are Neutron absorbers. Discovered in 1889 by Sir William Crookes.

Atomic Number	63
Atomic Weight	151.964
Mass Number	153

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	63 p⁺
Neutrons	90 n⁰
Electrons	63 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	185 pm 280 pm
Molar Volume	28.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	168 pm 134 pm 198 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	117 pm 120 pm 125 pm 130 pm 135 pm 94.7 pm 101 pm 106.6 pm 112 pm
Crystal Radius	131 pm 134 pm 139 pm 144 pm 149 pm 108.7 pm 115 pm 120.6 pm 126 pm
Van der Waals Radius	235 pm 294 pm 349.3 pm
Density	5.24 g/cm³ 5,130 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.864 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.670385 eV/particle 11.241 eV/particle 24.9 eV/particle 42.7 eV/particle 63 eV/particle 88 eV/particle 105 eV/particle 120 eV/particle 144 eV/particle 161 eV/particle 183 eV/particle 213 eV/particle 243 eV/particle 263 eV/particle 281 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 344.4 eV/particle 518 eV/particle 553 eV/particle 590 eV/particle 630 eV/particle 667 eV/particle 709 eV/particle 755 eV/particle 795 eV/particle 838 eV/particle 879 eV/particle 1,037 eV/particle 1,078 eV/particle 1,124 eV/particle 1,167 eV/particle 1,249 eV/particle 1,296 eV/particle 1,406 eV/particle 1,456.06 eV/particle 2,495 eV/particle 2,591 eV/particle 2,697 eV/particle 2,807 eV/particle 2,914 eV/particle 3,022 eV/particle 3,168 eV/particle 3,279 eV/particle 3,398 eV/particle 3,510 eV/particle 3,823 eV/particle 3,921 eV/particle 4,031 eV/particle 4,131 eV/particle 4,400 eV/particle 4,510 eV/particle 4,729 eV/particle 4,838 eV/particle 10,880 eV/particle 11,153 eV/particle 11,457 eV/particle 11,739 eV/particle 12,718 eV/particle 13,050 eV/particle 13,462 eV/particle 13,738.58 eV/particle 55,865.9 eV/particle 57,120.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	176 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	177.4 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f⁷ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.189935
Electrophilicity Index	1.1104548254099753 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,802.15 K
Melting Point	1,095.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Europium is a Silver. Eu has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #61ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #61ffc7.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #61ffc7 #61ffc7
Appearance
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	13.9 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000035 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.66 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.182 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.1 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000009 Ω*m
Superconducting Point	1.8 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000276 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000041942 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0014473
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point	90.5 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Europium is BCC. The lattice constant of Eu is 4.61 Å. The lattice angles of Element 63 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	4.61 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Europium has a Vickers of 167 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Eu is 8.3 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 63 is 7.9 GPa. The Young Modulus of Europium (Eu) is 18 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Europium is 0.15.
Hardness	167 MPa
Bulk Modulus	8.3 GPa
Shear Modulus	7.9 GPa
Young's Modulus	18 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.15
Speed of Sound
Classification
The Glawe Number of Europium is 17. The Mendeleev Number of Eu is 25. The Pettifor Number of Element 63 is 18. The Geochemical Class of Europium (Eu) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Europium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	17
Mendeleev Number	25
Pettifor Number	18
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Europium is 184 plus or minus 20 a₀. Eu has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2940 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 63 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Europium (Eu) is 4570. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Europium is 0.6. The Quantum Numbers of Eu is 8S7/2. The Space Group of Element 63 is 229 (Im_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	184 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,940 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	4,570
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.6
Quantum Numbers	8S7/2
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Europium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Natural Isotopes	2

¹³⁰Eu

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	129.964022 ± 0.000578 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2004
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³¹Eu

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	130.957634 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.8 ± 1.9 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	89%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³²Eu

Mass Number	132
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	131.954696 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)
p (proton emission)	0%

¹³³Eu

Mass Number	133
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	132.94929 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³⁴Eu

Mass Number	134
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	133.946537 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	500 ± 200 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³⁵Eu

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	134.94187 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹³⁶Eu

Mass Number	136
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	135.93962 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.3 ± 0.3 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.09%

¹³⁷Eu

Mass Number	137
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	136.935430719 ± 0.0000047 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.4 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Eu

Mass Number	138
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	137.933709 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0.88333333333333 ± 0.11666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

¹³⁹Eu

Mass Number	139
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	138.929792307 ± 0.000014117 Da
G-Factor	1.1090909090909 ± 0.14545454545455
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.9 ± 0.6 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁰Eu

Mass Number	140
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	139.928087633 ± 0.000055328 Da
G-Factor	1.362 ± 0.013
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.51 ± 0.02 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	95.1%
ϵ (electron capture)	4.9%

¹⁴¹Eu

Mass Number	141
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	140.924931734 ± 0.000013568 Da
G-Factor	1.3944 ± 0.0032
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	40.7 ± 0.7 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.85 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴²Eu

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	141.923446719 ± 0.000032268 Da
G-Factor	1.532 ± 0.019
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.36 ± 0.1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.12 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	89.9%
ϵ (electron capture)	10.1%

¹⁴³Eu

Mass Number	143
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	142.920298678 ± 0.000011793 Da
G-Factor	1.4656 ± 0.0032
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.59 ± 0.02 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.51 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁴Eu

Mass Number	144
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	143.918819481 ± 0.00001158 Da
G-Factor	1.888 ± 0.013
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.2 ± 0.1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁵Eu

Mass Number	145
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	144.916272659 ± 0.000003285 Da
G-Factor	1.5932 ± 0.0028
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	5.93 ± 0.04 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.29 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Eu

Mass Number	146
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	145.917210852 ± 0.000006451 Da
G-Factor	0.3555 ± 0.00275
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.61 ± 0.03 d
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment	-0.18 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁷Eu

Mass Number	147
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	146.91675244 ± 0.000002758 Da
G-Factor	1.486 ± 0.0032
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	24.1 ± 0.6 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.55 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0022%

¹⁴⁸Eu

Mass Number	148
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	147.918091288 ± 0.000010693 Da
G-Factor	0.4668 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	54.5 ± 0.5 d
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	0.35 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	9.4%

¹⁴⁹Eu

Mass Number	149
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	148.917936875 ± 0.00000419 Da
G-Factor	1.4224 ± 0.0024
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	93.1 ± 0.4 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.75 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁰Eu

Mass Number	150
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	149.919707092 ± 0.000006688 Da
G-Factor	0.5404 ± 0.0022
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	36.9 ± 0.9 y
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	1.13 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵¹Eu

Mass Number	151
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	150.919856606 ± 0.000001251 Da
G-Factor	1.3854 ± 0.001
Abundance	47.81 ± 0.06
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.6 ± 1.2 Ey
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.903 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁵²Eu

Mass Number	152
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	151.92175098 ± 0.000001252 Da
G-Factor	-0.64513333333333 ± 0.00056666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.517 ± 0.006 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.72 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	72.08%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	27.92%

¹⁵³Eu

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	152.921236789 ± 0.000001257 Da
G-Factor	0.61176 ± 0.00044
Abundance	52.19 ± 0.06
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.41 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁵⁴Eu

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	153.922985699 ± 0.000001275 Da
G-Factor	-0.66666666666667 ± 0.002
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	8.592 ± 0.003 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.85 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.982%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.018%

¹⁵⁵Eu

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	154.922899847 ± 0.000001343 Da
G-Factor	0.6064 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.742 ± 0.008 y
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.5 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁶Eu

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	155.924762976 ± 0.000003791 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.19 ± 0.08 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁷Eu

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	156.925432556 ± 0.000004545 Da
G-Factor	0.6 ± 0.008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15.18 ± 0.03 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.6 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁸Eu

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	157.927782192 ± 0.000002181 Da
G-Factor	1.44 ± 0.02
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	45.9 ± 0.2 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.66 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁹Eu

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	158.929099512 ± 0.000004637 Da
G-Factor	0.552 ± 0.008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	18.1 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.7 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁰Eu

Mass Number	160
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	159.931836982 ± 0.00000097 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	42.6 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶¹Eu

Mass Number	161
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	160.933663991 ± 0.000011164 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	26.2 ± 2.3 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶²Eu

Mass Number	162
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	161.936958329 ± 0.00000141 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Eu

Mass Number	163
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	162.93926551 ± 0.00000097 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.7 ± 0.4 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁴Eu

Mass Number	164
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	163.942852943 ± 0.000002219 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.16 ± 0.19 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁵Eu

Mass Number	165
Neutron Number	102
Relative Atomic Mass	164.94554007 ± 0.000005596 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.53 ± 0.25 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶⁶Eu

Mass Number	166
Neutron Number	103
Relative Atomic Mass	165.949813 ± 0.000107 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.24 ± 0.12 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶⁷Eu

Mass Number	167
Neutron Number	104
Relative Atomic Mass	166.953011 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.33 ± 0.51 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶⁸Eu

Mass Number	168
Neutron Number	105
Relative Atomic Mass	167.957863 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	200 ± 100 ms
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁶⁹Eu

Mass Number	169
Neutron Number	106
Relative Atomic Mass	168.961717 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

¹⁷⁰Eu

Mass Number	170
Neutron Number	107
Relative Atomic Mass	169.96687 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Europium was first found by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890. In 1896, French chemist Eugène-Antole Demarçay identified spectroscopic lines in ‘samarium' caused by europium. He successfully isolated europium in 1901 using repeated crystallizations of samarium magnesium nitrate. Europium was named after Europe

Discoverers	Eugène Demarçay
Discovery Location	France
Discovery Year	1901
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named for the continent of Europe.
Pronunciation	yoo-RO-pi-em (English)

Europium is considered to be mildly toxic

Europium is the most reactive rare earth element

Uses

Europium is used in the manufacture of fluorescent glass. It is also used in the anti-counterfeiting phosphors in Euro banknotes. Europium-doped plastic has been used as a laser material. Europium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods. Used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for color televisions.

Sources

Obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium, and most other rare earths.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	2 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00000013 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.0000059 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.00000005 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.2391
2	p	4.282
2	s	16.5292
3	d	13.7472
3	p	19.716
3	s	20.1318
4	d	34.0592
4	f	38.68
4	p	31.1252
4	s	30.132
5	p	46.445
5	s	44.41
6	s	54.8784

Also Known As

Eu
element 63
63Eu

Translations

GermanEuropium
Russianевропий
Frencheuropium
Norwegian Bokmåleuropium
Italianeuropio
Spanisheuropio
Afrikaanseuropium
Amharicኢዩሮፒየም
Arabicيوروبيوم
AzerbaijaniEvropium
BelarusianЕўропій
Bulgarianевропий
Banglaইউরোপিয়াম
Bosnianeuropij
Catalaneuropi
CherokeeᏳᎳᏈᎥᎻ
CorsicanEuropiu
Czecheuropium
ChuvashЕвропи
WelshEwropiwm
Danisheuropium
Greekευρώπιο
Esperantoeŭropio
EstonianEuroopium
Basqueeuropio
Persianیوروپیم
Finnisheuropium
FriulianEuropi
Irisheoraipiam
GalicianEuropio
GuaraniEuropio
ManxOarpium
Hakka Chineseeuropium
Hebrewאירופיום
Hindiयुरोपियम
Fiji HindiEuropium
CroatianEuropij
Haitian CreoleEwòpyòm
Hungarianeurópium
Armenianեվրոպիում
Interlinguaeuropium
Indonesianeuropium
Idoeuropio
Japaneseユウロピウム
Lojbanronjinme
JavaneseEuropium
Georgianევროპიუმი
Kannadaಯುರೋಪಿಯಮ್
Korean유로퓸
Komi-PermyakЕвропий
KomiЕвропий
Latineuropium
LuxembourgishEuropium
LigurianEuropio
LithuanianEuropis
Latvianeiropijs
Malayalamയൂറോപ്പിയം
Marathiयुरोपियम
Western MariЕвропий
MalayEuropium
Burmeseယူရိုပီယမ်
Newariयुरोपियम
Dutcheuropium
Norwegian Nynorskeuropium
Polisheurop
PiedmonteseEuròpi
Western Panjabiیوروپیم
Portugueseeurópio
QuechuaIwrupyu
Romanianeuropiu
YakutЭуропиум
Sicilianeuropiu
Serbo-CroatianEuropijum
Slovakeurópium
SlovenianEvropij
AlbanianEuropi
Serbianеуропијум
Saterland FrisianEuropium
Swedisheuropium
Tamilயூரோப்பியம்
TajikЕвропий
Thaiยูโรเพียม
TurkishEvropiyum
Uyghurيېۋروپىي
Ukrainianєвропій
Urduیوروپیئم
VepsEvropii
Vietnameseeuropi
WarayEuropyo
KalmykЕвропиум
YorubaEuropium
Chinese銪
BretonEuropiom
CebuanoEuropyo
Central Kurdishیورۆپیۆم
German (Switzerland)Europium
English (Canada)Europium
English (United Kingdom)europium
MacedonianЕвропиум
Portuguese (Brazil)európio
Cantonese銪
KazakhЕуропий
Odiaୟୁରୋପିଅମ
UzbekYevropiy
Gujaratiયુરોપિયમ
Punjabiਯੂਰਪੀਅਮ
OccitanEuropi
TatarЕвропий
Scotseuropium
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Эўроп
AromanianEuropiu
Sanskritयुरोपियम
KyrgyzЕвропий
FaroeseEuropium
Malteseewropju
Scottish GaelicEòrpium
LimburgishEuropium
Nepaliयुरोपियम
Paliयुरोपियम
Teluguయూరోపియం
cdoEuropium
Min Nan ChineseEuropium
AsturianEuropiu
Bhojpuriयुरोपियम
Literary Chinese銪
TagalogEuropyo
kbpErɔpɩyɔm
Lingua Franca Novaeuropio
oloJevroupii
Northern FrisianEuroopium
Mongolianевропи
Chinese (Traditional)銪
Chinese (Taiwan)銪
Wu Chinese铕
SardinianEuròpiu
SwahiliEuropi
BashkirЕвропий
Moroccan Arabicأوروپيوم
Egyptian Arabicيوروبيوم
Pashtoيوروپيوم
CornishEuropiom
Manipuriꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯝ
BalineseÉuropium

Europium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3518
CAB ID	154848
CAS Registry Number	7440-53-1
ChEBI ID	32999
ChemSpider ID	22417
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0047660
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3064695
Den Store Danske ID	europium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.328
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023875
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	243832
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/europium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	europium
Freebase ID	/m/028bf0d
French Vikidia ID	Europium
GND ID	4153210-7
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0107121
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1974896
InChI	InChI=1S/Eu
InChIKey	OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Interlingual Index ID	i113931
KBpedia ID	Europium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85045863
MeSH descriptor ID	D005063
NALT ID	38725
Namuwiki ID	유로퓸
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007560305105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	158490
OpenAlex ID	C502696234
PubChem CID	23981
RxNorm ID	1311484
Store norske leksikon ID	europium
Treccani ID	europio
UNII	444W947O8O
USGS Thesaurus ID	1450
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14661354-n
ZVG number	7630

Europium (Eu)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Europium

130Eu

131Eu

132Eu

133Eu

134Eu

135Eu

136Eu

137Eu

138Eu

139Eu

140Eu

141Eu

142Eu

143Eu

144Eu

145Eu

146Eu

147Eu

148Eu

149Eu

150Eu

151Eu

152Eu

153Eu

154Eu

155Eu

156Eu

157Eu

158Eu

159Eu

160Eu

161Eu

162Eu

163Eu

164Eu

165Eu

166Eu

167Eu

168Eu

169Eu

170Eu