Europium (Eu)

Europium is the 63rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Eu and atomic number of 63. It has an atomic weight of 151.964 and a mass number of 153. Europium has sixty-three protons and ninety neutrons in its nucleus, and sixty-three electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Soft silvery metallic element belonging to the lanthanoids. Eu-151 and Eu-153 are the only two stable isotopes, both of which are Neutron absorbers. Discovered in 1889 by Sir William Crookes.

Atomic Number	63
Atomic Weight	151.964
Mass Number	153

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	63 p⁺
Neutrons	90 n⁰
Electrons	63 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	185 pm 280 pm
Molar Volume	28.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	168 pm 134 pm 198 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	117 pm 120 pm 125 pm 130 pm 135 pm 94.7 pm 101 pm 106.6 pm 112 pm
Crystal Radius	131 pm 134 pm 139 pm 144 pm 149 pm 108.7 pm 115 pm 120.6 pm 126 pm
Van der Waals Radius	235 pm 294 pm 349.3 pm
Density	5.24 g/cm³ 5,130 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.864 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.670385 eV/particle 11.241 eV/particle 24.9 eV/particle 42.7 eV/particle 63 eV/particle 88 eV/particle 105 eV/particle 120 eV/particle 144 eV/particle 161 eV/particle 183 eV/particle 213 eV/particle 243 eV/particle 263 eV/particle 281 eV/particle 311 eV/particle 344.4 eV/particle 518 eV/particle 553 eV/particle 590 eV/particle 630 eV/particle 667 eV/particle 709 eV/particle 755 eV/particle 795 eV/particle 838 eV/particle 879 eV/particle 1,037 eV/particle 1,078 eV/particle 1,124 eV/particle 1,167 eV/particle 1,249 eV/particle 1,296 eV/particle 1,406 eV/particle 1,456.06 eV/particle 2,495 eV/particle 2,591 eV/particle 2,697 eV/particle 2,807 eV/particle 2,914 eV/particle 3,022 eV/particle 3,168 eV/particle 3,279 eV/particle 3,398 eV/particle 3,510 eV/particle 3,823 eV/particle 3,921 eV/particle 4,031 eV/particle 4,131 eV/particle 4,400 eV/particle 4,510 eV/particle 4,729 eV/particle 4,838 eV/particle 10,880 eV/particle 11,153 eV/particle 11,457 eV/particle 11,739 eV/particle 12,718 eV/particle 13,050 eV/particle 13,462 eV/particle 13,738.58 eV/particle 55,865.9 eV/particle 57,120.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	176 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation	177.4 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.189935
Electrophilicity	1.1104548254099753 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	1,802.15 K
Melting Point	1,095.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Europium is a Silver. Eu has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #61ffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #61ffc7.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #61ffc7 #61ffc7
Appearance
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	13.9 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.000035 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.66 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.182 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.1 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000009 m Ω
Superconducting Point	1.8 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000276 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000041942 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0014473
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point	90.5 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Europium is BCC. The lattice constant of Eu is 4.61 Å. The lattice angles of Element 63 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	4.61 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Europium has a Vickers of 167 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Eu is 8.3 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 63 is 7.9 GPa. The Young Modulus of Europium (Eu) is 18 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Europium is 0.15.
Hardness	167 MPa
Bulk Modulus	8.3 GPa
Shear Modulus	7.9 GPa
Young Modulus	18 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.15
Speed of Sound
Classification
The Glawe Number of Europium is 17. The Mendeleev Number of Eu is 25. The Pettifor Number of Element 63 is 18. The Geochemical Class of Europium (Eu) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Europium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	17
Mendeleev Number	25
Pettifor Number	18
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Europium is 184 plus or minus 20 a₀. Eu has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 2940 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 63 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Europium (Eu) is 4570. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Europium is 0.6. The Quantum Numbers of Eu is 8S7/2. The Space Group of Element 63 is 229 (Im_3m).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	184 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	2,940 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	4,570
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.6
Quantum Numbers	8S7/2
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Europium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	39
Radioactive Isotopes	39

¹³⁰Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.964022 ± 0.000578 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor
Half Life	1 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2004
Parity	+

¹³⁰Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³¹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.957634 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor
Half Life	17.8 ± 1.9 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1998
Parity	+

¹³¹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	89%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³²Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.954696 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹³²Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
p (proton emission)	0%

¹³³Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.94929 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹³³Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁴Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.946537 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor
Half Life	500 ± 200 ms
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity

¹³⁴Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁵Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.94187 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	1.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1989
Parity	+

¹³⁵Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹³⁶Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.93962 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor
Half Life	3.3 ± 0.3 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	+

¹³⁶Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.09%

¹³⁷Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.935430719 ± 0.0000047 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor
Half Life	8.4 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

¹³⁷Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	137.933709 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0.88333333333333 ± 0.11666666666667
Half Life
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	-

¹³⁸Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹³⁹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.929792307 ± 0.000014117 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor	1.1090909090909 ± 0.14545454545455
Half Life	17.9 ± 0.6 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1975
Parity

¹³⁹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁰Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.928087633 ± 0.000055328 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	1.362 ± 0.013
Half Life	1.51 ± 0.02 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1982
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	95.1%
ϵ (electron capture)	4.9%

¹⁴¹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.924931734 ± 0.000013568 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor	1.3944 ± 0.0032
Half Life	40.7 ± 0.7 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.85 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴²Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.923446719 ± 0.000032268 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor	1.532 ± 0.019
Half Life	2.36 ± 0.1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.12 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

¹⁴²Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	89.9%
ϵ (electron capture)	10.1%

¹⁴³Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.920298678 ± 0.000011793 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor	1.4656 ± 0.0032
Half Life	2.59 ± 0.02 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.51 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹⁴³Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁴Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.918819481 ± 0.00001158 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor	1.888 ± 0.013
Half Life	10.2 ± 0.1 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.1 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹⁴⁴Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁵Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.916272659 ± 0.000003285 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor	1.5932 ± 0.0028
Half Life	5.93 ± 0.04 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.29 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁴⁵Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁶Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.917210852 ± 0.000006451 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor	0.3555 ± 0.00275
Half Life	4.61 ± 0.03 d
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment	-0.18 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	-

¹⁴⁶Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁴⁷Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.91675244 ± 0.000002758 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor	1.486 ± 0.0032
Half Life	24.1 ± 0.6 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.55 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁴⁷Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	0.0022%

¹⁴⁸Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.918091288 ± 0.000010693 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor	0.4668 ± 0.002
Half Life	54.5 ± 0.5 d
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	0.35 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

¹⁴⁸Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
α (α emission)	9.4%

¹⁴⁹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.917936875 ± 0.00000419 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor	1.4224 ± 0.0024
Half Life	93.1 ± 0.4 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.75 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1959
Parity	+

¹⁴⁹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁵⁰Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.919707092 ± 0.000006688 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor	0.5404 ± 0.0022
Half Life	36.9 ± 0.9 y
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	1.13 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

¹⁵⁰Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁵¹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 47.81 ± 0.06
Relative Atomic Mass	150.919856606 ± 0.000001251 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor	1.3854 ± 0.001
Half Life	4.6 ± 1.2 Ey
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.903 ± 0.01
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁵¹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	100%

¹⁵²Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.92175098 ± 0.000001252 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	-0.64513333333333 ± 0.00056666666666667
Half Life	13.517 ± 0.006 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.72 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	-

¹⁵²Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	72.08%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	27.92%

¹⁵³Eu

Abundance	52.19 ± 0.06
Relative Atomic Mass	152.921236789 ± 0.000001257 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor	0.61176 ± 0.00044
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.41 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1933
Parity	+

¹⁵⁴Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.922985699 ± 0.000001275 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor	-0.66666666666667 ± 0.002
Half Life	8.592 ± 0.003 y
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	2.85 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

¹⁵⁴Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.982%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.018%

¹⁵⁵Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.922899847 ± 0.000001343 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor	0.6064 ± 0.0008
Half Life	4.742 ± 0.008 y
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.5 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹⁵⁵Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁶Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.924762976 ± 0.000003791 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0
Half Life	15.19 ± 0.08 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹⁵⁶Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁷Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.925432556 ± 0.000004545 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor	0.6 ± 0.008
Half Life	15.18 ± 0.03 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.6 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁵⁷Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁸Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.927782192 ± 0.000002181 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	1.44 ± 0.02
Half Life	45.9 ± 0.2 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.66 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

¹⁵⁸Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	158.929099512 ± 0.000004637 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor	0.552 ± 0.008
Half Life	18.1 ± 0.1 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	2.7 ± 0.3
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

¹⁵⁹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁰Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	159.931836982 ± 0.00000097 Da
Mass Number	160
G-Factor
Half Life	42.6 ± 0.5 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹⁶⁰Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶¹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	160.933663991 ± 0.000011164 Da
Mass Number	161
G-Factor
Half Life	26.2 ± 2.3 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1986
Parity	+

¹⁶¹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶²Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	161.936958329 ± 0.00000141 Da
Mass Number	162
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1987
Parity	+

¹⁶²Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶³Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	162.93926551 ± 0.00000097 Da
Mass Number	163
G-Factor
Half Life	7.7 ± 0.4 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	+

¹⁶³Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁴Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	163.942852943 ± 0.000002219 Da
Mass Number	164
G-Factor
Half Life	4.16 ± 0.19 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	-

¹⁶⁴Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁶⁵Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	164.94554007 ± 0.000005596 Da
Mass Number	165
G-Factor
Half Life	2.53 ± 0.25 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	+

¹⁶⁵Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶⁶Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	165.949813 ± 0.000107 Da
Mass Number	166
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.24 ± 0.12 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2007
Parity	-

¹⁶⁶Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶⁷Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	166.953011 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	167
G-Factor
Half Life	1.33 ± 0.51 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	+

¹⁶⁷Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶⁸Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	167.957863 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	168
G-Factor
Half Life	200 ± 100 ms
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2012
Parity	-

¹⁶⁸Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁶⁹Eu

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	168.961717 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	169
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁶⁹Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁷⁰Eu

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	169.96687 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	170
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

¹⁷⁰Eu Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Europium was first found by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890. In 1896, French chemist Eugène-Antole Demarçay identified spectroscopic lines in ‘samarium' caused by europium. He successfully isolated europium in 1901 using repeated crystallizations of samarium magnesium nitrate. Europium was named after Europe

Discoverers	Eugène Demarçay
Discovery Location	France
Discovery Year	1901
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named for the continent of Europe.
Pronunciation	yoo-RO-pi-em (English)

Europium is considered to be mildly toxic

Europium is the most reactive rare earth element

Uses

Europium is used in the manufacture of fluorescent glass. It is also used in the anti-counterfeiting phosphors in Euro banknotes. Europium-doped plastic has been used as a laser material. Europium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods. Used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for color televisions.

Sources

Obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium, and most other rare earths.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	2 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00000013 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.0000059 %
Abundance in Sun	0.00000005 %
Abundance in Universe	0.00000005 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.2391
2	p	4.282
2	s	16.5292
3	d	13.7472
3	p	19.716
3	s	20.1318
4	d	34.0592
4	f	38.68
4	p	31.1252
4	s	30.132
5	p	46.445
5	s	44.41
6	s	54.8784

Europium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3518
CAB ID	154848
CAS Registry Number	7440-53-1
ChEBI ID	32999
ChemSpider ID	22417
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID0047660
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID3064695
Den Store Danske ID	europium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.328
Elhuyar ZTH ID	023875
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	243832
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/europium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	europium
Freebase ID	/m/028bf0d
French Vikidia ID	Europium
GND ID	4153210-7
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0107121
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	1974896
InChI	InChI=1S/Eu
InChIKey	OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Interlingual Index ID	i113931
KBpedia ID	Europium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85045863
MeSH descriptor ID	D005063
NALT ID	38725
Namuwiki ID	유로퓸
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007560305105171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	158490
OpenAlex ID	C502696234
PubChem CID	23981
RxNorm ID	1311484
Store norske leksikon ID	europium
Treccani ID	europio
UNII	444W947O8O
USGS Thesaurus ID	1450
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14661354-n
ZVG number	7630

Europium (Eu)

Properties

Isotopes of Europium

130Eu

130Eu Decay Modes

131Eu

131Eu Decay Modes

132Eu

132Eu Decay Modes

133Eu

133Eu Decay Modes

134Eu

134Eu Decay Modes

135Eu

135Eu Decay Modes

136Eu

136Eu Decay Modes

137Eu

137Eu Decay Modes

138Eu

138Eu Decay Modes

139Eu

139Eu Decay Modes

140Eu

140Eu Decay Modes

141Eu

141Eu Decay Modes

142Eu

142Eu Decay Modes

143Eu

143Eu Decay Modes

144Eu

144Eu Decay Modes

145Eu

145Eu Decay Modes

146Eu

146Eu Decay Modes

147Eu

147Eu Decay Modes

148Eu

148Eu Decay Modes

149Eu

149Eu Decay Modes

150Eu

150Eu Decay Modes

151Eu

151Eu Decay Modes

152Eu

152Eu Decay Modes

153Eu

154Eu

154Eu Decay Modes

155Eu

155Eu Decay Modes

156Eu

156Eu Decay Modes

157Eu

157Eu Decay Modes

158Eu

158Eu Decay Modes

159Eu

159Eu Decay Modes

160Eu

160Eu Decay Modes

161Eu

161Eu Decay Modes

162Eu

162Eu Decay Modes

163Eu

163Eu Decay Modes

164Eu

164Eu Decay Modes

165Eu

165Eu Decay Modes

166Eu

166Eu Decay Modes

167Eu

167Eu Decay Modes

168Eu

168Eu Decay Modes