Gallium (Ga)

grundstof med atomnummer 31

Atomnummer	31
Atommasse	69.723
mass number	69

Gruppe	13
Periode	4
Blok	p

proton	31 p⁺
neutron	38 n⁰
elektron	31 e^-

Animated Bohrs atommodel of Ga (Gallium)

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11,8 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
Ionisk radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waals-radius	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438,3 pm
massefylde	5,91 g/cm³ 6.095 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

energi

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,43 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	5,9993018 eV/particle 20,51514 eV/particle 30,726 eV/particle 63,241 eV/particle 86,01 eV/particle 112,7 eV/particle 140,8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471,2 eV/particle 508,82 eV/particle 548,31 eV/particle 599,8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765,7 eV/particle 807,308 eV/particle 2.010 eV/particle 2.129 eV/particle 2.258 eV/particle 2.391 eV/particle 2.543,9 eV/particle 2.683 eV/particle 2.868 eV/particle 2.984,426 eV/particle 12.696,5569 eV/particle 13.239,488 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	270,3 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	5,59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271,96 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 18, 3

Valenselektron	3 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Oxidationstrin	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativitet	10,39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0,927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase	Fast stof
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	2.502,15 K
Smeltepunkt	302,9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt	302,9166 K
appearance
farve	Silver #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	28,1 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,03 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,373 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	7,1 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000014 Ω*m
superledning	1,083 K
Magnetisme
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,0000177
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	Endecentreret Orthohombisk (ORC)
lattice constant	4,51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hårdhed	60 MPa 1,5 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul
Forskydningsmodul
E-modul
Poissons forhold
speed of sound	2.740 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Post-overgangsmetaller, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0015
quantum number	2P1/2
rumgruppe	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

mass number	56
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55,995878 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

mass number	57
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56,983457 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

mass number	58
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57,974729 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

mass number	59
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58,963757 ± 0,000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

mass number	60
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59,957498 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	72,4 ± 1,7 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1995
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

mass number	61
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60,949398861 ± 0,000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	165,9 ± 2,5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

mass number	62
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61,944189639 ± 0,000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	116,122 ± 0,021 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1978
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

mass number	63
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62,939294194 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor	0,097866666666667 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	32,4 ± 0,5 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,212 ± 0,014
opdagelsesdato	1965
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

mass number	64
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63,936840366 ± 0,000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,627 ± 0,012 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1953
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

mass number	65
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64,932734424 ± 0,000000849 Da
g-factor	1,182 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	15,133 ± 0,028 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,21 ± 0,015
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

mass number	66
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65,931589766 ± 0,000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	9,304 ± 0,008 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

mass number	67
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66,928202276 ± 0,000001262 Da
g-factor	1,2329333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	3,2617 ± 0,0004 d
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,197 ± 0,002
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

mass number	68
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67,927980161 ± 0,000001535 Da
g-factor	0,01174 ± 0,00007
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	67,842 ± 0,016 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0277 ± 0,0014
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

mass number	69
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68,925573528 ± 0,000001285 Da
g-factor	1,3433466666667 ± 0,00004
natural abundance	60,108 ± 0,05
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,171 ± 0,002
opdagelsesdato	1923
Paritet	-

⁷⁰Ga

mass number	70
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69,926021914 ± 0,000001289 Da
g-factor	0,571 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	21,14 ± 0,05 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,105 ± 0,007
opdagelsesdato	1937
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

mass number	71
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70,924702554 ± 0,00000087 Da
g-factor	1,7068866666667 ± 0,00006
natural abundance	39,892 ± 0,05
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,107 ± 0,001
opdagelsesdato	1923
Paritet	-

⁷²Ga

mass number	72
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71,926367452 ± 0,000000878 Da
g-factor	-0,044046666666667 ± 0,0000066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	14,025 ± 0,01 h
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,53 ± 0,006
opdagelsesdato	1939
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

mass number	73
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72,92517468 ± 0,0000018 Da
g-factor	0,13933333333333 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	4,86 ± 0,03 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1949
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

mass number	74
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73,926945725 ± 0,000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0,026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	8,12 ± 0,12 m
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,55 ± 0,04
opdagelsesdato	1956
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

mass number	75
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74,926504484 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	1,2233333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	126 ± 2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,285 ± 0,017
opdagelsesdato	1960
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

mass number	76
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75,928827624 ± 0,0000021 Da
g-factor	-0,4725 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	30,6 ± 0,6 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
opdagelsesdato	1961
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

mass number	77
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76,929154299 ± 0,0000026 Da
g-factor	1,3453333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	13,2 ± 0,2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,208 ± 0,013
opdagelsesdato	1968
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

mass number	78
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77,931610854 ± 0,000001127 Da
g-factor	-0,607 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	5,09 ± 0,05 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
opdagelsesdato	1972
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

mass number	79
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78,932851582 ± 0,000001296 Da
g-factor	0,69733333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,848 ± 0,003 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,158 ± 0,01
opdagelsesdato	1974
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

mass number	80
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79,936420773 ± 0,000003103 Da
g-factor	0,006 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,9 ± 0,1 s
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,38 ± 0,02
opdagelsesdato	1974
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

mass number	81
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80,938133841 ± 0,000003503 Da
g-factor	0,6984 ± 0,002
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,217 ± 0,005 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,048 ± 0,008
opdagelsesdato	1976
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

mass number	82
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81,943176531 ± 0,000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	600 ± 2 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1976
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

mass number	83
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82,9471203 ± 0,000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	310 ± 0,7 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1976
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

mass number	84
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83,952663 ± 0,000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	97,6 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1991
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

mass number	85
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84,957333 ± 0,00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	95,3 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

mass number	86
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85,963757 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	49 ± 2 ms
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1997
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

mass number	87
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86,969007 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	29 ± 4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2010
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

mass number	88
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87,975963 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato
Paritet

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
fundsted	France
opdagelsesdato	1875
etymologi	Latin: Gallia (France).
udtale	GAL-i-em (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,00003 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0,00076 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Gallium on ChemicalAid

AUT NKC	ph301361
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3523
BNCF	69456
BNE-identifikator	XX536285
BNF	11955437j
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	gallium
CAB ID	164018
CAS-nummer	7440-55-3
CPV Supplementary	AA29
ChEBI-ID	49631
ChemSpider ID	4514603
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14762000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047661
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064696
Den Store Danske-ID	gallium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.330
Enciclopedia Treccani	gallio
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	210921
Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID	science/gallium
Encyclopædia Universalis-ID	gallium
Freebase-ID	/m/025rs35
French Vikidia ID	Gallium
GND-identifikator	4155859-5
HSDB-ID	6956
InChI	InChI=1S/Ga
InChIKey	GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Gallium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/GALLI.html
LCAuth	sh85052848
LNB id	000302873
MeSH ID	D005708
NALT ID	42220
NDL-nummer	00562254
NE.se ID	gallium
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558076805171
OmegaWiki-betydningsdefinition	159177
OpenAlex ID	C550372918
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtp0jS51rXL1
PSH-ID	5793
PubChem CID	5360835
Quora emne-ID	Gallium
RxNorm ID	1310124
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00102
Spanish Vikidia ID	Galio
Store norske leksikon-ID	gallium
Store russiske encyklopædi Online-ID	2341876
UNII	CH46OC8YV4
USGS Thesaurus ID	1460
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662434-n
YSO ID	28650
ZVG-nummer	8260

Gallium (Ga)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga