Gallium (Ga)

chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
mass number	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

proton	31 p⁺
neutron	38 n⁰
electron	31 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
ionic radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438.3 pm
density	5.91 g/cm³ 6095 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energia

proton affinity
electron affinity	0.43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5.9993018 eV/particle 20.51514 eV/particle 30.726 eV/particle 63.241 eV/particle 86.01 eV/particle 112.7 eV/particle 140.8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471.2 eV/particle 508.82 eV/particle 548.31 eV/particle 599.8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765.7 eV/particle 807.308 eV/particle 2010 eV/particle 2129 eV/particle 2258 eV/particle 2391 eV/particle 2543.9 eV/particle 2683 eV/particle 2868 eV/particle 2984.426 eV/particle 12696.5569 eV/particle 13239.488 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	270.3 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271.96 kJ/mol
electron

Tegimen electronicum	2, 8, 18, 3

valence electron	3 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

oxidation number	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity	10.39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0.927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2502.15 K
Melting Point	302.9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Punctum triplex	302.9166 K
appearance
Color	Silver #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	28.1 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26.03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	7.1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000014 Ω*m
Superconductrum	1.083 K
magnetism
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000177
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	4.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	60 MPa 1.5 MPa
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
celeritas soni	2740 m/s
classificare
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0015
quantum number	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

mass number	56
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55.995878 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

mass number	57
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56.983457 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

mass number	58
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57.974729 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

mass number	59
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58.963757 ± 0.000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

mass number	60
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59.957498 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	72.4 ± 1.7 ms
Volubilitas	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

mass number	61
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60.949398861 ± 0.000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	165.9 ± 2.5 ms
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

mass number	62
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61.944189639 ± 0.000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	116.122 ± 0.021 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1978
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

mass number	63
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62.939294194 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor	0.097866666666667 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	32.4 ± 0.5 s
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.212 ± 0.014
repertus	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

mass number	64
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63.936840366 ± 0.000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.627 ± 0.012 m
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1953
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

mass number	65
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64.932734424 ± 0.000000849 Da
g-factor	1.182 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15.133 ± 0.028 m
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.21 ± 0.015
repertus	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

mass number	66
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65.931589766 ± 0.000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9.304 ± 0.008 h
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

mass number	67
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66.928202276 ± 0.000001262 Da
g-factor	1.2329333333333 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3.2617 ± 0.0004 d
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.197 ± 0.002
repertus	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

mass number	68
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67.927980161 ± 0.000001535 Da
g-factor	0.01174 ± 0.00007
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	67.842 ± 0.016 m
Volubilitas	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.0277 ± 0.0014
repertus	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

mass number	69
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68.925573528 ± 0.000001285 Da
g-factor	1.3433466666667 ± 0.00004
natural abundance	60.108 ± 0.05
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.171 ± 0.002
repertus	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

mass number	70
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69.926021914 ± 0.000001289 Da
g-factor	0.571 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21.14 ± 0.05 m
Volubilitas	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.105 ± 0.007
repertus	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

mass number	71
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70.924702554 ± 0.00000087 Da
g-factor	1.7068866666667 ± 0.00006
natural abundance	39.892 ± 0.05
radioactivitas	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.107 ± 0.001
repertus	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

mass number	72
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71.926367452 ± 0.000000878 Da
g-factor	-0.044046666666667 ± 0.0000066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14.025 ± 0.01 h
Volubilitas	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.53 ± 0.006
repertus	1939
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

mass number	73
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72.92517468 ± 0.0000018 Da
g-factor	0.13933333333333 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4.86 ± 0.03 h
Volubilitas	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

mass number	74
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73.926945725 ± 0.000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0.026666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8.12 ± 0.12 m
Volubilitas	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.55 ± 0.04
repertus	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

mass number	75
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74.926504484 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor	1.2233333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	126 ± 2 s
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.285 ± 0.017
repertus	1960
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

mass number	76
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75.928827624 ± 0.0000021 Da
g-factor	-0.4725 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	30.6 ± 0.6 s
Volubilitas	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
repertus	1961
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

mass number	77
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76.929154299 ± 0.0000026 Da
g-factor	1.3453333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13.2 ± 0.2 s
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.208 ± 0.013
repertus	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

mass number	78
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77.931610854 ± 0.000001127 Da
g-factor	-0.607 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5.09 ± 0.05 s
Volubilitas	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
repertus	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

mass number	79
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78.932851582 ± 0.000001296 Da
g-factor	0.69733333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2.848 ± 0.003 s
Volubilitas	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.158 ± 0.01
repertus	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

mass number	80
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79.936420773 ± 0.000003103 Da
g-factor	0.006 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.9 ± 0.1 s
Volubilitas	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.38 ± 0.02
repertus	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

mass number	81
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80.938133841 ± 0.000003503 Da
g-factor	0.6984 ± 0.002
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1.217 ± 0.005 s
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.048 ± 0.008
repertus	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

mass number	82
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81.943176531 ± 0.000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	600 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

mass number	83
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82.9471203 ± 0.000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	310 ± 0.7 ms
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

mass number	84
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83.952663 ± 0.000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	97.6 ± 1.2 ms
Volubilitas	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
repertus	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

mass number	85
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84.957333 ± 0.00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	95.3 ± 1 ms
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

mass number	86
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85.963757 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	49 ± 2 ms
Volubilitas
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	1997
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

mass number	87
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86.969007 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	29 ± 4 ms
Volubilitas	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

mass number	88
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87.975963 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioactivitas	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Volubilitas
nuclear quadrupole moment
repertus
parity

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

historia

inventor	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
location of discovery	France
repertus	1875
Etymologia	Latin: Gallia (France).
pronunciation	GAL-i-em (English)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (Oceanus)	0.00003 mg/L
natural abundance (Corpus humanum)
natural abundance (Meteoroides)	0.00076 %
natural abundance (Sol)	0.000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Gallium on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3523
BNCF Thesaurus ID	69456
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	gallium
CAB ID	164018
CAS Registry Number	7440-55-3
CPV Supplementary	AA29
ChEBI ID	49631
ChemSpider ID	4514603
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14762000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047661
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064696
Den Store Danske ID	gallium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.330
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	210921
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/gallium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	gallium
French Vikidia ID	Gallium
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2341876
HSDB ID	6956
InChI	InChI=1S/Ga
InChIKey	GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Gallium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/GALLI.html
MeSH descriptor ID	D005708
NALT ID	42220
NE.se ID	gallium
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558076805171
National Library of Latvia ID	000302873
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159177
OpenAlex ID	C550372918
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtp0jS51rXL1
PSH ID	5793
PubChem CID	5360835
Quora topic ID	Gallium
RxNorm ID	1310124
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00102
Spanish Vikidia ID	Galio
Store norske leksikon ID	gallium
Treccani ID	gallio
UNII	CH46OC8YV4
USGS Thesaurus ID	1460
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662434-n
YSO ID	28650
ZVG number	8260
siglum BnF	11955437j
siglum Freebase	/m/025rs35
siglum GND	4155859-5
siglum NDL	00562254
siglum NKCR	ph301361
siglum apud bibliothecam Congressús	sh85052848
siglum bibliothecae publicae Hispaniae	XX536285

Gallium (Ga)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga