Galium, ²Galliumi (Ga)

chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
Numri i masës	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

protoni	31 p⁺
neutroni	38 n⁰
elektroni	31 e^-

Animated Bohr model of Ga (Galium, ²Galliumi)

Tipar Fizik

Atomic Radius	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11,8 cm³/mol
covalent radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
ionic radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438,3 pm
density	5,91 g/cm³ 6 095 kg/m³

Chemical Property

energjia

proton affinity
electron affinity	0,43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5,9993018 eV/particle 20,51514 eV/particle 30,726 eV/particle 63,241 eV/particle 86,01 eV/particle 112,7 eV/particle 140,8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471,2 eV/particle 508,82 eV/particle 548,31 eV/particle 599,8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765,7 eV/particle 807,308 eV/particle 2 010 eV/particle 2 129 eV/particle 2 258 eV/particle 2 391 eV/particle 2 543,9 eV/particle 2 683 eV/particle 2 868 eV/particle 2 984,426 eV/particle 12 696,5569 eV/particle 13 239,488 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	270,3 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	5,59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271,96 kJ/mol
elektroni

electron shell	2, 8, 18, 3

valence electron	3 ⓘ

konfigurimi i elektronit	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

oxidation number	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Elektronegativiteti	10,39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0,927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

gjendja agregate e materies	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2 502,15 K
Melting Point	302,9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point	302,9166 K
appearance
Ngjyra	Silver #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	28,1 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	7,1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000014 Ω*m
Superpërcjellshmëria	1,083 K
Magnetizimi
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0,000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0,000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0,0000177
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
strukturë
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	4,51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	60 MPa 1,5 MPa
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
Shpejtësia e zërit	2 740 m/s
klasifikim
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2,9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0015
numër kuantik	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

Numri i masës	56
numri i neutroneve	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55,995878 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

Numri i masës	57
numri i neutroneve	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56,983457 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

Numri i masës	58
numri i neutroneve	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57,974729 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

Numri i masës	59
numri i neutroneve	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58,963757 ± 0,000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

Numri i masës	60
numri i neutroneve	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59,957498 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	72,4 ± 1,7 ms
Spini	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

Numri i masës	61
numri i neutroneve	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60,949398861 ± 0,000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	165,9 ± 2,5 ms
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

Numri i masës	62
numri i neutroneve	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61,944189639 ± 0,000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	116,122 ± 0,021 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1978
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

Numri i masës	63
numri i neutroneve	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62,939294194 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor	0,097866666666667 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	32,4 ± 0,5 s
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,212 ± 0,014
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1965
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

Numri i masës	64
numri i neutroneve	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63,936840366 ± 0,000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,627 ± 0,012 m
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1953
parity

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

Numri i masës	65
numri i neutroneve	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64,932734424 ± 0,000000849 Da
g-factor	1,182 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	15,133 ± 0,028 m
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,21 ± 0,015
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

Numri i masës	66
numri i neutroneve	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65,931589766 ± 0,000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	9,304 ± 0,008 h
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

Numri i masës	67
numri i neutroneve	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66,928202276 ± 0,000001262 Da
g-factor	1,2329333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	3,2617 ± 0,0004 d
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,197 ± 0,002
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

Numri i masës	68
numri i neutroneve	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67,927980161 ± 0,000001535 Da
g-factor	0,01174 ± 0,00007
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	67,842 ± 0,016 m
Spini	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,0277 ± 0,0014
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

Numri i masës	69
numri i neutroneve	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68,925573528 ± 0,000001285 Da
g-factor	1,3433466666667 ± 0,00004
natural abundance	60,108 ± 0,05
Radioaktivitet	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,171 ± 0,002
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

Numri i masës	70
numri i neutroneve	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69,926021914 ± 0,000001289 Da
g-factor	0,571 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	21,14 ± 0,05 m
Spini	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,105 ± 0,007
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1937
parity	+

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

Numri i masës	71
numri i neutroneve	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70,924702554 ± 0,00000087 Da
g-factor	1,7068866666667 ± 0,00006
natural abundance	39,892 ± 0,05
Radioaktivitet	stable isotope
half-life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,107 ± 0,001
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

Numri i masës	72
numri i neutroneve	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71,926367452 ± 0,000000878 Da
g-factor	-0,044046666666667 ± 0,0000066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	14,025 ± 0,01 h
Spini	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,53 ± 0,006
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1939
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

Numri i masës	73
numri i neutroneve	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72,92517468 ± 0,0000018 Da
g-factor	0,13933333333333 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	4,86 ± 0,03 h
Spini	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1949
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

Numri i masës	74
numri i neutroneve	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73,926945725 ± 0,000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0,026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	8,12 ± 0,12 m
Spini	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,55 ± 0,04
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1956
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

Numri i masës	75
numri i neutroneve	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74,926504484 ± 0,00000072 Da
g-factor	1,2233333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	126 ± 2 s
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,285 ± 0,017
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1960
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

Numri i masës	76
numri i neutroneve	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75,928827624 ± 0,0000021 Da
g-factor	-0,4725 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	30,6 ± 0,6 s
Spini	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1961
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

Numri i masës	77
numri i neutroneve	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76,929154299 ± 0,0000026 Da
g-factor	1,3453333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	13,2 ± 0,2 s
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,208 ± 0,013
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1968
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

Numri i masës	78
numri i neutroneve	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77,931610854 ± 0,000001127 Da
g-factor	-0,607 ± 0,0025
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	5,09 ± 0,05 s
Spini	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,33 ± 0,02
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

Numri i masës	79
numri i neutroneve	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78,932851582 ± 0,000001296 Da
g-factor	0,69733333333333 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	2,848 ± 0,003 s
Spini	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,158 ± 0,01
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

Numri i masës	80
numri i neutroneve	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79,936420773 ± 0,000003103 Da
g-factor	0,006 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,9 ± 0,1 s
Spini	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,38 ± 0,02
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1974
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

Numri i masës	81
numri i neutroneve	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80,938133841 ± 0,000003503 Da
g-factor	0,6984 ± 0,002
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	1,217 ± 0,005 s
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0,048 ± 0,008
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

Numri i masës	82
numri i neutroneve	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81,943176531 ± 0,000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	600 ± 2 ms
Spini	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

Numri i masës	83
numri i neutroneve	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82,9471203 ± 0,000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	310 ± 0,7 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

Numri i masës	84
numri i neutroneve	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83,952663 ± 0,000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	97,6 ± 1,2 ms
Spini	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1991
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

Numri i masës	85
numri i neutroneve	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84,957333 ± 0,00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	95,3 ± 1 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1997
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

Numri i masës	86
numri i neutroneve	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85,963757 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	49 ± 2 ms
Spini
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1997
parity

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

Numri i masës	87
numri i neutroneve	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86,969007 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life	29 ± 4 ms
Spini	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	2010
parity	-

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

Numri i masës	88
numri i neutroneve	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87,975963 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
half-life
Spini
nuclear quadrupole moment
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes
parity

decay mode	intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

historia

zbulues	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
vendndodhja e zbulimit	France
koha e zbulimit apo shpikjes	1875
Etimologjia	Latin: Gallia (France).
pronunciation	GAL-i-em (anglisht)

burim

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (Oqeani)	0,00003 mg/L
natural abundance (Trupi i njeriut)
natural abundance (meteoroid)	0,00076 %
natural abundance (Diell)	0,000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Galium, ²Galliumi on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3523
BNCF Thesaurus ID	69456
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX536285
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	gallium
CAB ID	164018
CPV Supplementary	AA29
ChEBI ID	49631
ChemSpider ID	4514603
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14762000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047661
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064696
Den Store Danske ID	gallium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.330
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	210921
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/gallium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	gallium
Freebase ID	/m/025rs35
French Vikidia ID	Gallium
GND ID	4155859-5
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2341876
HSDB ID	6956
InChI	InChI=1S/Ga
InChIKey	GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Gallium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/GALLI.html
Library of Congress ID	sh85052848
MeSH descriptor ID	D005708
NALT ID	42220
NDL Authority ID	00562254
NE.se ID	gallium
NKCR AUT ID	ph301361
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558076805171
National Library of Latvia ID	000302873
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159177
OpenAlex ID	C550372918
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtp0jS51rXL1
PSH ID	5793
PubChem CID	5360835
Quora topic ID	Gallium
RxNorm ID	1310124
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00102
Spanish Vikidia ID	Galio
Store norske leksikon ID	gallium
Treccani ID	gallio
UNII	CH46OC8YV4
USGS Thesaurus ID	1460
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662434-n
YSO ID	28650
ZVG number	8260
identifikues i BNF	11955437j
numri CAS	7440-55-3

Galium, ²Galliumi (Ga)

Tipar Fizik

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

historia

burim

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga