Atomnummer | 31 |
---|---|
Atommassa | 69.723 |
masstal | 69 |
Grupp | 13 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | p |
Protoner | 31 p+ |
---|---|
Neutroner | 38 n0 |
Electrons | 31 e- |
atomradie | 130 pm
|
---|---|
molvolym | 11,8 cm³/mol
|
kovalent radie | 124 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 125 pm
|
ionic radius | 47 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 61 pm
|
Van der Waalsradie | 187 pm
|
densitet | 5,91 g/cm³
|
energi | |
proton affinity | |
Elektronaffinitet | 0,43 eV/particle
|
joniseringsenergi | 5,9993018 eV/particle
|
ångbildningsvärme | 270,3 kJ/mol
|
smältvärme | 5,59 kJ/mol
|
Bildningsentalpi | 271,96 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
electron shell | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
valenselektron | 3 |
elektronkonfiguration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
oxidationstal | -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 |
elektronegativitet | 1.81
|
Electrophilicity | 0,927762651403701 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
aggregationstillstånd | Fast |
Gas Phase | |
Kokpunkt | 2 502,15 K
|
Smältpunkt | 302,9146 K
|
critical pressure | |
critical temperature | |
trippelpunkt | 302,9166 K
|
Visual | |
färg | Silver
|
appearance | silver-white |
Brytningsindex | |
materialegenskap | |
Värmeledningsförmåga | 28,1 W/(m K)
|
termisk expansion | 0,00012 1/K
|
molar heat capacity | 26,03 J/(mol K)
|
Specifik värmekapacitet | 0,373 J/(g⋅K)
|
heat capacity ratio | |
electrical properties | |
type | Conductor |
elektrisk konduktivitet | 7,1 MS/m
|
resistivitet | 0,00000014 m Ω
|
supraledare | 1,083 K
|
magnetism | |
type | diamagnetic |
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass) | −0,000000003 m³/Kg
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar) | −0,000000000209 m³/mol
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume) | −0,0000177
|
magnetic ordering | |
Curiepunkten | |
Néel temperature | |
Structure | |
Kristallstruktur | Bascentrerat ortorombiskt (ORC) |
Gitterkonstant | 4,51 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
mekanisk materialegenskap | |
hårdhet | 1,5 MPa
|
Kompressibilitet | |
skjuvmodul | |
Young's modulus | |
Poissons konstant | |
ljudhastighet | 2 740 m/s
|
klassificering | |
Kategori | Posttransitionsmetaller, Poor metals |
CAS Group | IIIB |
IUPAC Group | IIIA |
Glawe Number | 79 |
Mendeleev Number | 83 |
Pettifor Number | 81 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt classification | chalcophile |
övrigt | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 498 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Träffyta | 2,9
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0,0015
|
kvanttal | 2P1/2 |
rymdgrupp | 64 (Cmca) |
Stabila isotoper | 2 |
---|---|
Instabila isotoper | 31 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 26 |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 56 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 57 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 58 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 59 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 60 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 72,4 ± 1,7 ms
|
Spinn | 2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1995 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.6% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.023% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 61 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 165,9 ± 2,5 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1987 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.25% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 62 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 116,122 ± 0,021 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1978 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 63 |
g-factor | 0,097866666666667 ± 0,00033333333333333
|
Halveringstid | 32,4 ± 0,5 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,212 ± 0,014
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1965 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 64 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 2,627 ± 0,012 m
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1953 |
Paritet |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 65 |
g-factor | 1,182 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 15,133 ± 0,028 m
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,21 ± 0,015
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1938 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 66 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 9,304 ± 0,008 h
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1937 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 67 |
g-factor | 1,2329333333333 ± 0,00033333333333333
|
Halveringstid | 3,2617 ± 0,0004 d
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,197 ± 0,002
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1938 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 68 |
g-factor | 0,01174 ± 0,00007
|
Halveringstid | 67,842 ± 0,016 m
|
Spinn | 1 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,0277 ± 0,0014
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1937 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | 60,108 ± 0,05
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 69 |
g-factor | 1,3433466666667 ± 0,00004
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,171 ± 0,002
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1923 |
Paritet | - |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 70 |
g-factor | 0,571 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 21,14 ± 0,05 m
|
Spinn | 1 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,105 ± 0,007
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1937 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 99.59% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 0.41% |
natural abundance | 39,892 ± 0,05
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 71 |
g-factor | 1,7068866666667 ± 0,00006
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,107 ± 0,001
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1923 |
Paritet | - |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 72 |
g-factor | −0,044046666666667 ± 0,0000066666666666667
|
Halveringstid | 14,025 ± 0,01 h
|
Spinn | 3 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,53 ± 0,006
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1939 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 73 |
g-factor | 0,13933333333333 ± 0,0013333333333333
|
Halveringstid | 4,86 ± 0,03 h
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1949 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 74 |
g-factor | 0 ± 0,026666666666667
|
Halveringstid | 8,12 ± 0,12 m
|
Spinn | 3 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,55 ± 0,04
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1956 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 75 |
g-factor | 1,2233333333333 ± 0,0026666666666667
|
Halveringstid | 126 ± 2 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,285 ± 0,017
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1960 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 76 |
g-factor | −0,4725 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 30,6 ± 0,6 s
|
Spinn | 2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,33 ± 0,02
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1961 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 77 |
g-factor | 1,3453333333333 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 13,2 ± 0,2 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,208 ± 0,013
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1968 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 78 |
g-factor | −0,607 ± 0,0025
|
Halveringstid | 5,09 ± 0,05 s
|
Spinn | 2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,33 ± 0,02
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1972 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 79 |
g-factor | 0,69733333333333 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 2,848 ± 0,003 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,158 ± 0,01
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1974 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.089% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 80 |
g-factor | 0,006 ± 0,00066666666666667
|
Halveringstid | 1,9 ± 0,1 s
|
Spinn | 6 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,38 ± 0,02
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1974 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.86% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 81 |
g-factor | 0,6984 ± 0,002
|
Halveringstid | 1,217 ± 0,005 s
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,048 ± 0,008
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1976 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 12.5% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 82 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 600 ± 2 ms
|
Spinn | 2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1976 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 21.2% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 83 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 310 ± 0,7 ms
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1976 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 85% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 84 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 97,6 ± 1,2 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1991 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 43% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 1.6% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 85 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 95,3 ± 1 ms
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 77% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 1.3% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 86 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 49 ± 2 ms
|
Spinn | |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 69% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 16.2% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 87 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 29 ± 4 ms
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 2010 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 81% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 10.2% |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 88 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
upptäckare eller uppfinnare | Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
---|---|
fyndplats | France |
upptäcktsdatum | 1875 |
etymologi | Latin: Gallia (France). |
uttal | GAL-i-em (engelska) |
1 | s | 0.6906 |
2 | p | 3.9092 |
2 | s | 8.401 |
3 | d | 15.9067 |
3 | p | 14.7964 |
3 | s | 14.0038 |
4 | p | 24.7784 |
4 | s | 23.9332 |