Gali (Ga)

chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31

Atomic Number	31
Atomic Weight	69.723
mass number	69

Group	13
Period	4
Block	p

protoni	31 p⁺
nyutroni	38 n⁰
elektroni	31 e^-

Physical Property

Atomic Radius	130 pm 233 pm
molar volume	11.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	124 pm 117 pm 121 pm 122 pm
Metallic Radius	125 pm 140 pm
ionic radius	47 pm 55 pm 62 pm
Crystal Radius	61 pm 69 pm 76 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm 187 pm 439 pm 187 pm 246 pm 438.3 pm
msongamano	5.91 g/cm³ 6,095 kg/m³

Chemical Property

nishati

proton affinity
electron affinity	0.43 eV/particle
ionization energy	5.9993018 eV/particle 20.51514 eV/particle 30.726 eV/particle 63.241 eV/particle 86.01 eV/particle 112.7 eV/particle 140.8 eV/particle 170 eV/particle 211 eV/particle 244 eV/particle 280 eV/particle 319 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 471.2 eV/particle 508.82 eV/particle 548.31 eV/particle 599.8 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 677 eV/particle 765.7 eV/particle 807.308 eV/particle 2,010 eV/particle 2,129 eV/particle 2,258 eV/particle 2,391 eV/particle 2,543.9 eV/particle 2,683 eV/particle 2,868 eV/particle 2,984.426 eV/particle 12,696.5569 eV/particle 13,239.488 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	270.3 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	271.96 kJ/mol
elektroni

Mzingo elektroni	2, 8, 18, 3

valence electron	3 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

oxidation number	-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
electronegativity	10.39 eV/particle 0.1723773 1.81
Electrophilicity Index	0.927762651403701 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter	Solid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	2,502.15 K
Melting Point	302.9146 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
Kiwango utatu	302.9166 K
appearance
Rangi	Silver #ff1493 #c28f8f #c28f8f
appearance	silver-white
refractive index
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	28.1 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0.00012 1/K
molar heat capacity	26.03 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.373 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	7.1 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0.00000014 Ω*m
superconductivity	1.083 K
Uga sumaku
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.000000003 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000209 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000177
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic (ORC)
lattice constant	4.51 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	60 MPa 1.5 MPa
bulk modulus
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
speed of sound	2,740 m/s
classification
Category	Post-transition metals, Poor metals
CAS Group	IIIB
IUPAC Group	IIIA
Glawe Number	79
Mendeleev Number	83
Pettifor Number	81
Geochemical Class
Goldschmidt classification	chalcophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	50 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	498 a₀ 456 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	2.9
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0015
quantum number	2P1/2
space group	64 (Cmca)

Isotopes of Gallium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	2

⁵⁶Ga

mass number	56
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	55.995878 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁷Ga

mass number	57
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	56.983457 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁸Ga

mass number	58
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	57.974729 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁵⁹Ga

mass number	59
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	58.963757 ± 0.000183 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
p (proton emission)

⁶⁰Ga

mass number	60
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	59.957498 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	72.4 ± 1.7 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1995
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.6%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.023%

⁶¹Ga

mass number	61
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	60.949398861 ± 0.000040787 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	165.9 ± 2.5 ms
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1987
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁶²Ga

mass number	62
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	61.944189639 ± 0.000000684 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	116.122 ± 0.021 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1978
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶³Ga

mass number	63
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	62.939294194 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor	0.097866666666667 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	32.4 ± 0.5 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.212 ± 0.014
Uvumbuzi	1965
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁴Ga

mass number	64
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	63.936840366 ± 0.000001533 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	2.627 ± 0.012 m
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1953
parity

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁵Ga

mass number	65
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	64.932734424 ± 0.000000849 Da
g-factor	1.182 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	15.133 ± 0.028 m
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.21 ± 0.015
Uvumbuzi	1938
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁶Ga

mass number	66
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	65.931589766 ± 0.000001172 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	9.304 ± 0.008 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1937
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁷Ga

mass number	67
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	66.928202276 ± 0.000001262 Da
g-factor	1.2329333333333 ± 0.00033333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	3.2617 ± 0.0004 d
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.197 ± 0.002
Uvumbuzi	1938
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁶⁸Ga

mass number	68
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	67.927980161 ± 0.000001535 Da
g-factor	0.01174 ± 0.00007
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	67.842 ± 0.016 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.0277 ± 0.0014
Uvumbuzi	1937
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁹Ga

mass number	69
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	68.925573528 ± 0.000001285 Da
g-factor	1.3433466666667 ± 0.00004
natural abundance	60.108 ± 0.05
Unururifu	stable isotope
Nusumaisha	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.171 ± 0.002
Uvumbuzi	1923
parity	-

⁷⁰Ga

mass number	70
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	69.926021914 ± 0.000001289 Da
g-factor	0.571 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	21.14 ± 0.05 m
spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.105 ± 0.007
Uvumbuzi	1937
parity	+

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	99.59%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.41%

⁷¹Ga

mass number	71
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	70.924702554 ± 0.00000087 Da
g-factor	1.7068866666667 ± 0.00006
natural abundance	39.892 ± 0.05
Unururifu	stable isotope
Nusumaisha	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.107 ± 0.001
Uvumbuzi	1923
parity	-

⁷²Ga

mass number	72
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	71.926367452 ± 0.000000878 Da
g-factor	-0.044046666666667 ± 0.0000066666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	14.025 ± 0.01 h
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.53 ± 0.006
Uvumbuzi	1939
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷³Ga

mass number	73
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	72.92517468 ± 0.0000018 Da
g-factor	0.13933333333333 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	4.86 ± 0.03 h
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1949
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁴Ga

mass number	74
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	73.926945725 ± 0.000003214 Da
g-factor	0 ± 0.026666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	8.12 ± 0.12 m
spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.55 ± 0.04
Uvumbuzi	1956
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁵Ga

mass number	75
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	74.926504484 ± 0.00000072 Da
g-factor	1.2233333333333 ± 0.0026666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	126 ± 2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.285 ± 0.017
Uvumbuzi	1960
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁶Ga

mass number	76
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	75.928827624 ± 0.0000021 Da
g-factor	-0.4725 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	30.6 ± 0.6 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
Uvumbuzi	1961
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁷Ga

mass number	77
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	76.929154299 ± 0.0000026 Da
g-factor	1.3453333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	13.2 ± 0.2 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.208 ± 0.013
Uvumbuzi	1968
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁸Ga

mass number	78
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	77.931610854 ± 0.000001127 Da
g-factor	-0.607 ± 0.0025
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	5.09 ± 0.05 s
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.33 ± 0.02
Uvumbuzi	1972
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁹Ga

mass number	79
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	78.932851582 ± 0.000001296 Da
g-factor	0.69733333333333 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	2.848 ± 0.003 s
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.158 ± 0.01
Uvumbuzi	1974
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.089%

⁸⁰Ga

mass number	80
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	79.936420773 ± 0.000003103 Da
g-factor	0.006 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	1.9 ± 0.1 s
spin	6
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.38 ± 0.02
Uvumbuzi	1974
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.86%

⁸¹Ga

mass number	81
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	80.938133841 ± 0.000003503 Da
g-factor	0.6984 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	1.217 ± 0.005 s
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.048 ± 0.008
Uvumbuzi	1976
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12.5%

⁸²Ga

mass number	82
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	81.943176531 ± 0.000002604 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	600 ± 2 ms
spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1976
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21.2%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸³Ga

mass number	83
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	82.9471203 ± 0.000002804 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	310 ± 0.7 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1976
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	85%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁴Ga

mass number	84
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	83.952663 ± 0.000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	97.6 ± 1.2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
Uvumbuzi	1991
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	43%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.6%

⁸⁵Ga

mass number	85
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	84.957333 ± 0.00004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	95.3 ± 1 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1997
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	77%
2n (2-neutron emission)	1.3%

⁸⁶Ga

mass number	86
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	85.963757 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	49 ± 2 ms
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	1997
parity

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	69%
2n (2-neutron emission)	16.2%

⁸⁷Ga

mass number	87
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	86.969007 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha	29 ± 4 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi	2010
parity	-

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	81%
2n (2-neutron emission)	10.2%

⁸⁸Ga

mass number	88
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	87.975963 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Unururifu	☢️ radioactive element
Nusumaisha
spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
Uvumbuzi
parity

hali ya kuoza	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

historia

mgunduzi au mvumbuzi	Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
location of discovery	France
Uvumbuzi	1875
Etimolojia	Latin: Gallia (France).
pronunciation	GAL-i-em (Kiingereza)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	19 mg/kg
natural abundance (Bahari)	0.00003 mg/L
natural abundance (Mwili)
natural abundance (Kimondo)	0.00076 %
natural abundance (Jua)	0.000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6906
2	p	3.9092
2	s	8.401
3	d	15.9067
3	p	14.7964
3	s	14.0038
4	p	24.7784
4	s	23.9332

Gali on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3523
BNCF Thesaurus ID	69456
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX536285
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	11955437j
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	gallium
CAB ID	164018
CAS Registry Number	7440-55-3
CPV Supplementary	AA29
ChEBI ID	49631
ChemSpider ID	4514603
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14762000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5047661
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID8064696
Den Store Danske ID	gallium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.330
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	210921
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/gallium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	gallium
Freebase ID	/m/025rs35
French Vikidia ID	Gallium
GND	4155859-5
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2341876
HSDB ID	6956
InChI	InChI=1S/Ga
InChIKey	GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Gallium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/GALLI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85052848
MeSH descriptor ID	D005708
NALT ID	42220
NDL Authority ID	00562254
NE.se ID	gallium
NKCR AUT ID	ph301361
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007558076805171
National Library of Latvia ID	000302873
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159177
OpenAlex ID	C550372918
PACTOLS thesaurus ID	pcrtp0jS51rXL1
PSH ID	5793
PubChem CID	5360835
Quora topic ID	Gallium
RxNorm ID	1310124
Römpp online ID	RD-07-00102
Spanish Vikidia ID	Galio
Store norske leksikon ID	gallium
Treccani ID	gallio
UNII	CH46OC8YV4
USGS Thesaurus ID	1460
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14662434-n
YSO ID	28650
ZVG number	8260

Gali (Ga)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Gallium

56Ga

57Ga

58Ga

59Ga

60Ga

61Ga

62Ga

63Ga

64Ga

65Ga

66Ga

67Ga

68Ga

69Ga

70Ga

71Ga

72Ga

73Ga

74Ga

75Ga

76Ga

77Ga

78Ga

79Ga

80Ga

81Ga

82Ga

83Ga

84Ga

85Ga

86Ga

87Ga

88Ga

historia

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁵⁶Ga

⁵⁷Ga

⁵⁸Ga

⁵⁹Ga

⁶⁰Ga

⁶¹Ga

⁶²Ga

⁶³Ga

⁶⁴Ga

⁶⁵Ga

⁶⁶Ga

⁶⁷Ga

⁶⁸Ga

⁶⁹Ga

⁷⁰Ga

⁷¹Ga

⁷²Ga

⁷³Ga

⁷⁴Ga

⁷⁵Ga

⁷⁶Ga

⁷⁷Ga

⁷⁸Ga

⁷⁹Ga

⁸⁰Ga

⁸¹Ga

⁸²Ga

⁸³Ga

⁸⁴Ga

⁸⁵Ga

⁸⁶Ga

⁸⁷Ga

⁸⁸Ga