Atomic Number | 36 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 83.798 |
Mass Number | 84 |
Group | 18 |
---|---|
Period | 4 |
Block | p |
Protons | 36 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 48 n0 |
Electrons | 36 e- |
Energy | |
---|---|
Proton Affinity | 424.6 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | |
Ionization Energy | 13.9996049 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 9.05 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | |
Heat of Formation | |
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 8 |
Valence Electrons | 8 ⓘ |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2 |
Electronegativity | |
Electrophilicity Index | |
States of Matter | |
Phase | Gas |
Gas Phase | Monoatomic |
Boiling Point | 119.735 K
|
Melting Point | 115.78 K
|
Critical Pressure | 5.525 MPa
|
Critical Temperature | 209.48 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Krypton is a Colorless. Kr has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #5cb8d1, and MOLCAS GV of #5cb8d1. The Appearance of Element 36 is colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field. The Refractive Index of Krypton (Kr) is 1.000427. | |
Color | Colorless
|
Appearance | colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field |
Refractive Index | 1.000427
|
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 0.0095 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | 20.786 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.248 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | 5/3 |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | |
Electrical Conductivity | |
Electrical Resistivity | |
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | diamagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000044 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.000000000369 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.0000000165
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Krypton is FCC. The lattice constant of Kr is 5.72 Å. The lattice angles of Element 36 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 5.72 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
The Speed of Sound of Krypton is 1120 m/s. | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young's Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | 1,120 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Krypton is VIII. The IUPAC Group of Kr is VIIIA. The Glawe Number of Element 36 is 4. The Mendeleev Number of Krypton (Kr) is 115. The Pettifor Number of Krypton is 4. The Geochemical Class of Kr is volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 36 is atmophile. | |
Category | Noble gases, Noble gases |
CAS Group | VIII |
IUPAC Group | VIIIA |
Glawe Number | 4 |
Mendeleev Number | 115 |
Pettifor Number | 4 |
Geochemical Class | volatile |
Goldschmidt Class | atmophile |
The Gas Basicity of Krypton is 402.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Kr is 16.78 plus or minus 0.02 a₀. Element 36 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 130 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 136 a₀. The Allotropes of Krypton (Kr) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Krypton is 25. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Kr is 0.013. The Quantum Numbers of Element 36 is 1S0. The Space Group of Krypton (Kr) is 225 (Fm_3m).
Stable Isotopes | 4 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 31 |
Natural Isotopes | 6 |
Mass Number | 67 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 31 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 7.4 ± 2.9 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) | 37% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
Mass Number | 68 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 32 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 21.6 ± 3.3 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 90% |
p (proton emission) |
Mass Number | 69 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 33 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 27.9 ± 0.8 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 94% |
Mass Number | 70 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 34 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 45 ± 0.14 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 1.3% |
Mass Number | 71 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 35 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 98.8 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1981 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 2.1% |
Mass Number | 72 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 36 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 17.16 ± 0.18 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 73 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 37 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 27.3 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.25% |
Mass Number | 74 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 38 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 11.5 ± 0.11 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 75 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 39 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.2124 ± 0.0016
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 4.6 ± 0.07 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.137 ± 0.013
|
Discovery Year | 1960 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 76 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 40 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 14.8 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 77 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 41 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.2332 ± 0.0012
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 72.6 ± 0.9 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.948 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 78 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 42 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 0.355 ± 0.003
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) |
Mass Number | 79 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 43 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 1.072 ± 0.004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 35.04 ± 0.1 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Mass Number | 80 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 44 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 2.286 ± 0.01
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 81 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 45 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.25914285714286 ± 0.00057142857142857
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 229 ± 11 ky
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.644 ± 0.004
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Mass Number | 82 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 46 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 11.593 ± 0.031
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 83 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 47 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.21571777777778 ± 0.00000066666666666667
|
Abundance | 11.5 ± 0.019
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.259 ± 0.001
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 84 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 48 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 56.987 ± 0.015
|
Radioactivity | Stable |
Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Mass Number | 85 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 49 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.22344444444444 ± 0.000088888888888889
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 10.728 ± 0.007 y
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.443 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 86 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 50 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | 17.279 ± 0.041
|
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1920 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) |
Mass Number | 87 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 51 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.4088 ± 0.0008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 76.3 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.3 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 88 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 52 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 2.825 ± 0.019 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1939 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 89 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 53 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.22 ± 0.002
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 3.15 ± 0.04 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.166 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 90 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 54 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 32.32 ± 0.09 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Mass Number | 91 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 55 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.2332 ± 0.0008
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 8.57 ± 0.04 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.303 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 92 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 56 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.84 ± 0.008 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.0332% |
Mass Number | 93 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 57 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.826 ± 0.004
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 1.287 ± 0.01 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.95% |
Mass Number | 94 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 58 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 212 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.11% |
Mass Number | 95 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 59 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | -0.82 ± 0.006
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 114 ± 3 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.87% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 96 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 60 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 80 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 3.7% |
Mass Number | 97 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 61 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 62.2 ± 3.2 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 6.7% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 98 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 62 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 42.8 ± 3.6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 7% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 99 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 63 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 40 ± 11 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 11% |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 100 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 64 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | 0
|
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | 12 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Mass Number | 101 |
---|---|
Neutron Number | 65 |
Relative Atomic Mass | |
G-Factor | |
Abundance | |
Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
2n (2-neutron emission) |
Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay and his assistant English chemist Morris Travers discovered krypton in 1898 in London. They found krypton in the residue left from evaporating nearly all components of liquid air. William Ramsay was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovery of a series of noble gases, including krypton. From the Greek word kryptos, hidden
Discoverers | Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Great Britain |
Discovery Year | 1898 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: kryptos (hidden). |
Pronunciation | KRIP-ton (English) |
1 | s | 0.7684 |
2 | p | 3.953 |
2 | s | 9.602 |
3 | d | 15.3741 |
3 | p | 15.5658 |
3 | s | 14.9673 |
4 | p | 26.2308 |
4 | s | 24.6844 |