Kripton (Kr)

chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36; rare gas

Atomic Number	36
Atomic Weight	83.798
Nombor jisim	84

Group	18
Period	4
Block	p

proton	36 p⁺
neutron	48 n⁰
Elektron	36 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	212 pm
molar volume	32.2 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	117 pm 121 pm 108 pm 116 pm
Metallic Radius
ionic radius
Crystal Radius
Jejari van der Waals	202 pm 202 pm 215 pm 414.1 pm
ketumpatan	0.003425 g/cm³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity	424.6 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron
ionization energy	13.9996049 eV/particle 24.35984 eV/particle 35.67 eV/particle 50.85 eV/particle 64.69 eV/particle 78.49 eV/particle 109.13 eV/particle 125.8024 eV/particle 233 eV/particle 268 eV/particle 308 eV/particle 350 eV/particle 391 eV/particle 446 eV/particle 492 eV/particle 540 eV/particle 591 eV/particle 640 eV/particle 785 eV/particle 831.64 eV/particle 882.8 eV/particle 945 eV/particle 999 eV/particle 1,042 eV/particle 1,155 eV/particle 1,205.233 eV/particle 2,928.9 eV/particle 3,072 eV/particle 3,228 eV/particle 3,380 eV/particle 3,584 eV/particle 3,752 eV/particle 3,971 eV/particle 4,109.083 eV/particle 17,296.42 eV/particle 17,936.208 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	9.05 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran
standard enthalpy of formation
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 18, 8

Elektron valens	8 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶

Keadaan pengoksidaan	0, 1, 2
Keelektronegatifan	17.54 eV/particle 0.2584813
Electrophilicity Index
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter	Monoatomic
Boiling Point	119.735 K
Melting Point	115.78 K
critical pressure	5.525 MPa
critical temperature	209.48 K
triple point	115.775 K 73.53 kPa
rupa
warna	Black #ff1493 #5cb8d1 #5cb8d1
rupa	colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field
indeks biasan	1.000427
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	0.0095 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma
molar heat capacity	20.786 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.248 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio	5/3
electrical properties
type
Kekonduksian elektrik
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	diamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000044 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	-0.000000000369 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	-0.0000000165
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5.72 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
Modulus pukal
shear modulus
Young's modulus
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	1,120 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Noble gases
CAS Group	VIII
IUPAC Group	VIIIA
Glawe Number	4
Mendeleev Number	115
Pettifor Number	4
Geochemical Class	volatile
Goldschmidt classification	atmophile

other

Gas Basicity	402.4 kJ/mol
polarizability	16.78 ± 0.02 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	130 a₀ 136 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	25
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.013
Nombor kuantum	1S0
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Krypton

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	6

⁶⁷Kr

Nombor jisim	67
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	66.983305 ± 0.000455 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	7.4 ± 2.9 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2016
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)	37%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)

⁶⁸Kr

Nombor jisim	68
nombor neutron	32
Jisim Atom Relatif	67.972489 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	21.6 ± 3.3 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2016
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	90%
p (proton emission)

⁶⁹Kr

Nombor jisim	69
nombor neutron	33
Jisim Atom Relatif	68.965496 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	27.9 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	94%

⁷⁰Kr

Nombor jisim	70
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	69.955877 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	45 ± 0.14 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1.3%

⁷¹Kr

Nombor jisim	71
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	70.950265695 ± 0.000138238 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	98.8 ± 0.3 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1981
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	2.1%

⁷²Kr

Nombor jisim	72
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	71.942092406 ± 0.0000086 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.16 ± 0.18 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1973
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷³Kr

Nombor jisim	73
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	72.939289193 ± 0.000007061 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	27.3 ± 1 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	0.25%

⁷⁴Kr

Nombor jisim	74
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	73.933084016 ± 0.000002161 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	11.5 ± 0.11 m
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁵Kr

Nombor jisim	75
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	74.930945744 ± 0.0000087 Da
g-factor	-0.2124 ± 0.0016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.6 ± 0.07 m
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	1.137 ± 0.013
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Kr

Nombor jisim	76
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	75.925910743 ± 0.000004308 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	14.8 ± 0.1 h
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1954
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁷Kr

Nombor jisim	77
nombor neutron	41
Jisim Atom Relatif	76.924669999 ± 0.0000021 Da
g-factor	-0.2332 ± 0.0012
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	72.6 ± 0.9 m
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.948 ± 0.01
tarikh penemuan	1948
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Kr

Nombor jisim	78
nombor neutron	42
Jisim Atom Relatif	77.920366341 ± 0.000000329 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0.355 ± 0.003
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁷⁹Kr

Nombor jisim	79
nombor neutron	43
Jisim Atom Relatif	78.920082919 ± 0.000003736 Da
g-factor	1.072 ± 0.004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	35.04 ± 0.1 h
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1948
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Kr

Nombor jisim	80
nombor neutron	44
Jisim Atom Relatif	79.91637794 ± 0.000000745 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	2.286 ± 0.01
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

⁸¹Kr

Nombor jisim	81
nombor neutron	45
Jisim Atom Relatif	80.916589703 ± 0.000001152 Da
g-factor	-0.25914285714286 ± 0.00057142857142857
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	229 ± 11 ky
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.644 ± 0.004
tarikh penemuan	1950
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸²Kr

Nombor jisim	82
nombor neutron	46
Jisim Atom Relatif	81.91348115368 ± 0.00000000591 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	11.593 ± 0.031
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

⁸³Kr

Nombor jisim	83
nombor neutron	47
Jisim Atom Relatif	82.914126516 ± 0.000000009 Da
g-factor	-0.21571777777778 ± 0.00000066666666666667
natural abundance	11.5 ± 0.019
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.259 ± 0.001
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

⁸⁴Kr

Nombor jisim	84
nombor neutron	48
Jisim Atom Relatif	83.91149772708 ± 0.0000000041 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	56.987 ± 0.015
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

⁸⁵Kr

Nombor jisim	85
nombor neutron	49
Jisim Atom Relatif	84.91252726 ± 0.000002147 Da
g-factor	-0.22344444444444 ± 0.000088888888888889
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	10.728 ± 0.007 y
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.443 ± 0.003
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁶Kr

Nombor jisim	86
nombor neutron	50
Jisim Atom Relatif	85.91061062468 ± 0.00000000399 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	17.279 ± 0.041
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

⁸⁷Kr

Nombor jisim	87
nombor neutron	51
Jisim Atom Relatif	86.913354759 ± 0.000000264 Da
g-factor	-0.4088 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	76.3 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.3 ± 0.003
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁸Kr

Nombor jisim	88
nombor neutron	52
Jisim Atom Relatif	87.914447879 ± 0.0000028 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.825 ± 0.019 h
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1939
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁹Kr

Nombor jisim	89
nombor neutron	53
Jisim Atom Relatif	88.917835449 ± 0.0000023 Da
g-factor	-0.22 ± 0.002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.15 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.166 ± 0.002
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁰Kr

Nombor jisim	90
nombor neutron	54
Jisim Atom Relatif	89.919527929 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	32.32 ± 0.09 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Kr

Nombor jisim	91
nombor neutron	55
Jisim Atom Relatif	90.923806309 ± 0.0000024 Da
g-factor	-0.2332 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	8.57 ± 0.04 s
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.303 ± 0.006
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁹²Kr

Nombor jisim	92
nombor neutron	56
Jisim Atom Relatif	91.926173092 ± 0.0000029 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.84 ± 0.008 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0332%

⁹³Kr

Nombor jisim	93
nombor neutron	57
Jisim Atom Relatif	92.931147172 ± 0.0000027 Da
g-factor	-0.826 ± 0.004
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.287 ± 0.01 s
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.95%

⁹⁴Kr

Nombor jisim	94
nombor neutron	58
Jisim Atom Relatif	93.934140452 ± 0.000013 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	212 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.11%

⁹⁵Kr

Nombor jisim	95
nombor neutron	59
Jisim Atom Relatif	94.939710922 ± 0.00002 Da
g-factor	-0.82 ± 0.006
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	114 ± 3 ms
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1994
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.87%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁶Kr

Nombor jisim	96
nombor neutron	60
Jisim Atom Relatif	95.943014473 ± 0.000020695 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	80 ± 8 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1994
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	3.7%

⁹⁷Kr

Nombor jisim	97
nombor neutron	61
Jisim Atom Relatif	96.949088782 ± 0.00014 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	62.2 ± 3.2 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁸Kr

Nombor jisim	98
nombor neutron	62
Jisim Atom Relatif	97.952635 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	42.8 ± 3.6 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁹Kr

Nombor jisim	99
nombor neutron	63
Jisim Atom Relatif	98.958776 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	40 ± 11 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	11%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁰Kr

Nombor jisim	100
nombor neutron	64
Jisim Atom Relatif	99.962995 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	12 ± 8 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰¹Kr

Nombor jisim	101
nombor neutron	65
Jisim Atom Relatif	100.969318 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers
tempat penemuan	Great Britain
tarikh penemuan	1898
Etimologi	Greek: kryptos (hidden).
sebutan	KRIP-ton (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.0001 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.00021 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
natural abundance (Matahari)
Abundance in Universe	0.000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7684
2	p	3.953
2	s	9.602
3	d	15.3741
3	p	15.5658
3	s	14.9673
4	p	26.2308
4	s	24.6844

Kripton on ChemicalAid

Kripton (Kr)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Krypton

67Kr

68Kr

69Kr

70Kr

71Kr

72Kr

73Kr

74Kr

75Kr

76Kr

77Kr

78Kr

79Kr

80Kr

81Kr

82Kr

83Kr

84Kr

85Kr

86Kr

87Kr

88Kr

89Kr

90Kr

91Kr

92Kr

93Kr

94Kr

95Kr

96Kr

97Kr

98Kr

99Kr

100Kr

101Kr

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁶⁷Kr

⁶⁸Kr

⁶⁹Kr

⁷⁰Kr

⁷¹Kr

⁷²Kr

⁷³Kr

⁷⁴Kr

⁷⁵Kr

⁷⁶Kr

⁷⁷Kr

⁷⁸Kr

⁷⁹Kr

⁸⁰Kr

⁸¹Kr

⁸²Kr

⁸³Kr

⁸⁴Kr

⁸⁵Kr

⁸⁶Kr

⁸⁷Kr

⁸⁸Kr

⁸⁹Kr

⁹⁰Kr

⁹¹Kr

⁹²Kr

⁹³Kr

⁹⁴Kr

⁹⁵Kr

⁹⁶Kr

⁹⁷Kr

⁹⁸Kr

⁹⁹Kr

¹⁰⁰Kr

¹⁰¹Kr