Atomic Number | 57 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 138.90547 |
Mass Number | 139 |
Group | 3 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 57 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 57 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 195 pm
|
Molar Volume | 22.5 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 180 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 169 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 103.2 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 117.2 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 243 pm
|
Density | 6.15 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | 1,013 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | 0.47 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.5769 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 402 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 8.5 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 431 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity |
1.1
|
Electrophilicity | 0.894990101871977 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,737.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,193.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Lanthanum is a Silver. La has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #70d4ff, and MOLCAS GV of #70d4ff. The Appearance of Element 57 is silvery white. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 13.4 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000121 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.11 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.195 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000061 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 4.88 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000011 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001528 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00006761
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Lanthanum is HEX. The lattice constant of La is 3.75 Å. The lattice angles of Element 57 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.75 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Lanthanum has a Brinell of 363 MPa, Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa, and Vickers of 491 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of La is 28 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 57 is 14 GPa. The Young Modulus of Lanthanum (La) is 37 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Lanthanum is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of La is 2475 m/s. | |
Hardness | 2.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 28 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 14 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 37 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,475 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Lanthanum is IIIA. The IUPAC Group of La is IIIB. The Glawe Number of Element 57 is 32. The Mendeleev Number of Lanthanum (La) is 13. The Pettifor Number of Lanthanum is 33. The Geochemical Class of La is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 57 is litophile. | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | IIIA |
IUPAC Group | IIIB |
Glawe Number | 32 |
Mendeleev Number | 13 |
Pettifor Number | 33 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Gas Basicity of Lanthanum is 991.9 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of La is 215 plus or minus 20 a₀. Element 57 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3730 a₀. The Allotropes of Lanthanum (La) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Lanthanum is 8.98. The Neutron Mass Absorption of La is 0.0023. The Quantum Numbers of Element 57 is 2D3/2. The Space Group of Lanthanum (La) is 194 (P63/mmc). | |
Gas Basicity | 991.9 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 8.98
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023
|
Quantum Numbers | 2D3/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 41 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 21.7 ± 1.8 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2001 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.8 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.6 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 29.21 ± 0.17 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 64.8 ± 1.2 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 54 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.18 ± 0.14 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 11.6 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 59 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.912 ± 0.008 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.45 ± 0.16 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | 1.48 ± 0.036
|
Half Life | 18.91 ± 0.02 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.4 ± 0.4
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.87 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | 0.77028571428571 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 60 ± 20 ky
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.21 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 0.08881 ± 0.00071
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0.74168 ± 0.00004
|
Half Life | 103 ± 1 Gy
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.39 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 65.5% |
β− (β− decay) | 34.5% |
Abundance | 99.91119 ± 0.00071
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | 0.79402857142857 ± 0.000057142857142857
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.206 ± 0.004
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0.24333333333333 ± 0.005
|
Half Life | 40.289 ± 0.004 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.087 ± 0.013
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.92 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 91.1 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 44 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24.8 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.9 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.026 ± 0.02 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.041% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.414 ± 0.025 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.18% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.071 ± 0.022 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.43% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 504 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 465 ± 24 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 287 ± 16 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 245 ± 18 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 161 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 101 ± 28 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 84 ± 78 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he obtained a pale brick colored oxide of the new rare earth. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. From the Greek word lanthanein, to lie hidden
Discoverers | Carl Mosander |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1839 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: lanthanein (to be hidden). |
Pronunciation | LAN-the-nem (English) |
1 | s | 1.1317 |
2 | p | 4.2044 |
2 | s | 15.0466 |
3 | d | 13.9398 |
3 | p | 18.8604 |
3 | s | 19.0569 |
4 | d | 32.2748 |
4 | f | 55.64 |
4 | p | 29.2936 |
4 | s | 28.2036 |
5 | p | 41.104 |
5 | s | 39.189 |
6 | s | 47.688 |