Atomic Number | 57 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 138.90547 |
Mass Number | 139 |
Group | 3 |
---|---|
Period | 6 |
Block | d |
Protons | 57 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 82 n0 |
Electrons | 57 e- |
Atomic Radius | 195 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 22.5 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 180 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 169 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 103.2 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 117.2 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 243 pm
|
Density | 6.15 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | 1,013 kJ/mol
|
Electron Affinity | 0.47 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.5769 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 402 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 8.5 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 431 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 |
Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
Electronegativity |
1.1
|
Electrophilicity | 0.894990101871977 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 3,737.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,193.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 13.4 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000121 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 27.11 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.195 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1.6 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000061 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 4.88 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000011 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001528 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00006761
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
Lattice Constant | 3.75 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 2.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 28 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 14 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 37 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | 2,475 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
CAS Group | IIIA |
IUPAC Group | IIIB |
Glawe Number | 32 |
Mendeleev Number | 13 |
Pettifor Number | 33 |
Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | 991.9 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 8.98
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023
|
Quantum Numbers | 2D3/2 |
Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stable Isotopes | 2 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 40 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 41 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 21.7 ± 1.8 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2001 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 120 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.8 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 121 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1988 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 122 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.6 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1984 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 123 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 17 ± 3 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 124 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 29.21 ± 0.17 s
|
Spin | 7 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 125 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 64.8 ± 1.2 s
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1973 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 126 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 54 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 127 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 11/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 128 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.18 ± 0.14 m
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 129 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 11.6 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 130 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 131 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 59 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 132 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.04 h
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 133 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.912 ± 0.008 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 134 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 6.45 ± 0.16 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 135 |
G-Factor | 1.48 ± 0.036
|
Half Life | 18.91 ± 0.02 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.4 ± 0.4
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 136 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.87 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 137 |
G-Factor | 0.77028571428571 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
Half Life | 60 ± 20 ky
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.21 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 0.08881 ± 0.00071
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 138 |
G-Factor | 0.74168 ± 0.00004
|
Half Life | 103 ± 1 Gy
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.39 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 65.5% |
β− (β− decay) | 34.5% |
Abundance | 99.91119 ± 0.00071
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 139 |
G-Factor | 0.79402857142857 ± 0.000057142857142857
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.206 ± 0.004
|
Discovery Year | 1924 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 140 |
G-Factor | 0.24333333333333 ± 0.005
|
Half Life | 40.289 ± 0.004 h
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.087 ± 0.013
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 141 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.92 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 142 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 91.1 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 143 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1951 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 144 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 44 ± 0.7 s
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 145 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 24.8 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1974 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 146 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9.9 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 5 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 147 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4.026 ± 0.02 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.041% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 148 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.414 ± 0.025 s
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.18% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 149 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.071 ± 0.022 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1979 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.43% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 150 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 504 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.7% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 151 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 465 ± 24 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 152 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 287 ± 16 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 153 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 245 ± 18 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 154 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 161 ± 15 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 155 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 101 ± 28 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2016 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 156 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 84 ± 78 ms
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 157 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he obtained a pale brick colored oxide of the new rare earth. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. From the Greek word lanthanein, to lie hidden
Discoverers | Carl Mosander |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1839 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: lanthanein (to be hidden). |
Pronunciation | LAN-the-nem (English) |
1 | s | 1.1317 |
2 | p | 4.2044 |
2 | s | 15.0466 |
3 | d | 13.9398 |
3 | p | 18.8604 |
3 | s | 19.0569 |
4 | d | 32.2748 |
4 | f | 55.64 |
4 | p | 29.2936 |
4 | s | 28.2036 |
5 | p | 41.104 |
5 | s | 39.189 |
6 | s | 47.688 |