Lanthanum (La)

Lanthanum is the 57th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of La and atomic number of 57. It has an atomic weight of 138.90547 and a mass number of 139. Lanthanum has fifty-seven protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-seven electrons in six shells. It is located in group three, period six and block d of the periodic table. (From the Greek word lanthanein, to line hidden) Silvery metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table and oft considered to be one of the lanthanoids. Found in some rare-earth minerals. Twenty-five natural isotopes exist. La-139 which is stable, and La-138 which has a half-life of 10^10 to 10^15 years. The other twenty-three isotopes are radioactive. It resembles the lanthanoids chemically. Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity, and should be handled with care. Discovered in 1839 by C.G. Mosander.

Atomic Number	57
Atomic Weight	138.90547
Mass Number	139

Group	3
Period	6
Block	d

Protons	57 p⁺
Neutrons	82 n⁰
Electrons	57 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	195 pm 284 pm
Molar Volume	22.5 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	180 pm 139 pm 139 pm 207 pm
Metallic Radius	169 pm 187 pm
Ionic Radius	103.2 pm 110 pm 116 pm 121.6 pm 127 pm 136 pm
Crystal Radius	117.2 pm 124 pm 130 pm 135.6 pm 141 pm 150 pm
Van der Waals Radius	250 pm 243 pm 278 pm 352.2 pm
Density	6.15 g/cm³ 5,940 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity	1,013 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity	0.47 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.5769 eV/particle 11.18492 eV/particle 19.1773 eV/particle 49.95 eV/particle 61.6 eV/particle 74 eV/particle 88 eV/particle 105 eV/particle 119 eV/particle 151.42 eV/particle 168.77 eV/particle 275 eV/particle 303 eV/particle 332 eV/particle 364 eV/particle 393 eV/particle 431 eV/particle 464 eV/particle 498 eV/particle 533 eV/particle 566 eV/particle 696 eV/particle 731 eV/particle 770 eV/particle 806 eV/particle 865 eV/particle 906 eV/particle 995 eV/particle 1,039.09 eV/particle 1,800 eV/particle 1,884 eV/particle 1,974 eV/particle 2,069 eV/particle 2,162 eV/particle 2,259 eV/particle 2,377 eV/particle 2,473 eV/particle 2,577 eV/particle 2,674 eV/particle 2,950 eV/particle 3,036 eV/particle 3,133 eV/particle 3,222 eV/particle 3,416 eV/particle 3,515 eV/particle 3,704 eV/particle 3,800 eV/particle 8,669 eV/particle 8,914 eV/particle 9,184 eV/particle 9,437 eV/particle 10,136 eV/particle 10,426 eV/particle 10,789 eV/particle 11,033.4 eV/particle 45,144.994 eV/particle 46,245.6 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	402 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	8.5 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	431 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2

Valence Electrons	2
Electron Configuration	[Xe] 5d¹ 6s²

Oxidation States	0, 1, 2, 3
Electronegativity	0.163142 1.1
Electrophilicity	0.894990101871977 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,737.15 K
Melting Point	1,193.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Lanthanum is a Silver. La has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #70d4ff, and MOLCAS GV of #70d4ff. The Appearance of Element 57 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #70d4ff #70d4ff
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	13.4 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000121 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	27.11 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.195 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.6 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000061 m Ω
Superconducting Point	4.88 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.000000011 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000001528 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.00006761
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Lanthanum is HEX. The lattice constant of La is 3.75 Å. The lattice angles of Element 57 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (HEX)
Lattice Constant	3.75 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Lanthanum has a Brinell of 363 MPa, Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa, and Vickers of 491 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of La is 28 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 57 is 14 GPa. The Young Modulus of Lanthanum (La) is 37 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Lanthanum is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of La is 2475 m/s.
Hardness	363 MPa 2.5 MPa 491 MPa
Bulk Modulus	28 GPa
Shear Modulus	14 GPa
Young Modulus	37 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.28
Speed of Sound	2,475 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Lanthanum is IIIA. The IUPAC Group of La is IIIB. The Glawe Number of Element 57 is 32. The Mendeleev Number of Lanthanum (La) is 13. The Pettifor Number of Lanthanum is 33. The Geochemical Class of La is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 57 is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group	IIIA
IUPAC Group	IIIB
Glawe Number	32
Mendeleev Number	13
Pettifor Number	33
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Gas Basicity of Lanthanum is 991.9 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of La is 215 plus or minus 20 a₀. Element 57 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3730 a₀. The Allotropes of Lanthanum (La) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Lanthanum is 8.98. The Neutron Mass Absorption of La is 0.0023. The Quantum Numbers of Element 57 is 2D3/2. The Space Group of Lanthanum (La) is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity	991.9 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	215 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,730 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	8.98
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0023
Quantum Numbers	2D3/2
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Lanthanum

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	40
Radioactive Isotopes	41

¹¹⁶La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	115.957005 ± 0.000345 Da
Mass Number	116
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity

¹¹⁶La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%
p (proton emission)	%

¹¹⁷La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	116.950326 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	117
G-Factor
Half Life	21.7 ± 1.8 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2001
Parity	+

¹¹⁷La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	100%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹¹⁸La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	117.946731 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	118
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

¹¹⁸La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹¹⁹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.940934 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

¹¹⁹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%

¹²⁰La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.938196 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor
Half Life	2.8 ± 0.2 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	-

¹²⁰La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²¹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.933236 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor
Half Life	5.3 ± 0.2 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	-

¹²¹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²²La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.93071 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor
Half Life	8.6 ± 0.5 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	-

¹²²La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²³La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.9263 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor
Half Life	17 ± 3 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	-

¹²³La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁴La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.924574275 ± 0.000060836 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor
Half Life	29.21 ± 0.17 s
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity

¹²⁴La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁵La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.920815931 ± 0.000027909 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor
Half Life	64.8 ± 1.2 s
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1973
Parity	-

¹²⁵La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁶La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.919512667 ± 0.000097163 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor
Half Life	54 ± 2 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	-

¹²⁶La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁷La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.916375083 ± 0.000027912 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life	5.1 ± 0.1 m
Spin	11/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹²⁷La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁸La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.915592123 ± 0.000058452 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor
Half Life	5.18 ± 0.14 m
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

¹²⁸La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.912695592 ± 0.000022913 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor
Half Life	11.6 ± 0.2 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	+

¹²⁹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁰La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.912369413 ± 0.000027854 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor
Half Life	8.7 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1961
Parity

¹³⁰La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³¹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.91007 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor
Half Life	59 ± 2 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹³¹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³²La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.910119047 ± 0.000039032 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor
Half Life	4.59 ± 0.04 h
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

¹³²La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³³La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.908218 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life	3.912 ± 0.008 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹³³La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁴La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.908514011 ± 0.000021395 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor
Half Life	6.45 ± 0.16 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹³⁴La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁵La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.906984427 ± 0.000010126 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor	1.48 ± 0.036
Half Life	18.91 ± 0.02 h
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.4 ± 0.4
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³⁵La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁶La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	135.907634962 ± 0.000057081 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor
Half Life	9.87 ± 0.03 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

¹³⁶La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁷La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.906450438 ± 0.00000176 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor	0.77028571428571 ± 0.0017142857142857
Half Life	60 ± 20 ky
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.21 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³⁷La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹³⁸La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 0.08881 ± 0.00071
Relative Atomic Mass	137.907124041 ± 0.000000446 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0.74168 ± 0.00004
Half Life	103 ± 1 Gy
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment	0.39 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	+

¹³⁸La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	65.5%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	34.5%

¹³⁹La

Abundance	99.91119 ± 0.00071
Relative Atomic Mass	138.906362927 ± 0.000000651 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor	0.79402857142857 ± 0.000057142857142857
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.206 ± 0.004
Discovery Year	1924
Parity	+

¹⁴⁰La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	139.909487285 ± 0.000000651 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	0.24333333333333 ± 0.005
Half Life	40.289 ± 0.004 h
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	0.087 ± 0.013
Discovery Year	1935
Parity	-

¹⁴⁰La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴¹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.910971155 ± 0.00000443 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor
Half Life	3.92 ± 0.03 h
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹⁴¹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴²La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	141.91409076 ± 0.000006748 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor
Half Life	91.1 ± 0.5 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	-

¹⁴²La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴³La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.916079482 ± 0.000007868 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor
Half Life	14.2 ± 0.1 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity

¹⁴³La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁴La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.919645589 ± 0.000013888 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor
Half Life	44 ± 0.7 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

¹⁴⁴La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁵La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.921808065 ± 0.00001317 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	24.8 ± 2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

¹⁴⁵La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁶La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.925688017 ± 0.000001797 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor
Half Life	9.9 ± 0.1 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	-

¹⁴⁶La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁷La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.9284178 ± 0.0000115 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor
Half Life	4.026 ± 0.02 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

¹⁴⁷La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.041%

¹⁴⁸La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.9326794 ± 0.0000209 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor
Half Life	1.414 ± 0.025 s
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	-

¹⁴⁸La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.18%

¹⁴⁹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.935351259 ± 0.00021499 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor
Half Life	1.071 ± 0.022 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	-

¹⁴⁹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.43%

¹⁵⁰La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.9395475 ± 0.0000027 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor
Half Life	504 ± 15 ms
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1993
Parity	+

¹⁵⁰La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2.7%

¹⁵¹La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.942769 ± 0.0004675 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor
Half Life	465 ± 24 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁵¹La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵²La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.947085 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor
Half Life	287 ± 16 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹⁵²La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵³La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.950553 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor
Half Life	245 ± 18 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁵³La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁴La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.955416 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor
Half Life	161 ± 15 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	-

¹⁵⁴La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁵La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.95928 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor
Half Life	101 ± 28 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

¹⁵⁵La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁶La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.964519 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor
Half Life	84 ± 78 ms
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

¹⁵⁶La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁷La

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.968792 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	+

¹⁵⁷La Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he obtained a pale brick colored oxide of the new rare earth. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. From the Greek word lanthanein, to lie hidden

Discoverers	Carl Mosander
Discovery Location	Sweden
Discovery Year	1839
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: lanthanein (to be hidden).
Pronunciation	LAN-the-nem (English)

Lanthanum and its compounds are considered to be moderately toxic

Lanthanum is the most reactive of the rare earth metals

Uses

Lanthanum is used in large quantities in batteries for hybrid automobiles. It is also used to make night vision goggles. Small amounts of lanthanum, as an additive, can be used to produce nodular cast iron. Lanthanum carbonate is used to reduce blood levels of phosphate in patients with kidney disease. It is used in the electodes of high-intensity, carbon-arc lights. Also used in the production of high-grade europium metal. Because it gives glass refractive properties, it is used in expensive camera lenses.

Sources

Found with rare earths in monazite and bastnasite. Monazite sand typicall contains 25% lanthanum.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	39 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.0000034 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000028 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000002 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.1317
2	p	4.2044
2	s	15.0466
3	d	13.9398
3	p	18.8604
3	s	19.0569
4	d	32.2748
4	f	55.64
4	p	29.2936
4	s	28.2036
5	p	41.104
5	s	39.189
6	s	47.688

Lanthanum on ChemicalAid

Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3535
BNCF Thesaurus ID	26399
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	14500646j
CAB ID	195416
CAS Registry Number	7439-91-0
ChEBI ID	33336
ChemSpider ID	22369
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID8047638
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0064676
Den Store Danske ID	lanthan
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.272
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/lanthanum
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	lanthane-et-lanthanides
Freebase ID	/m/025rz_s
French Vikidia ID	Lanthane
GND ID	4034557-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0118857
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2132557
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013711
InChI	InChI=1S/La
InChIKey	FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Lanthanum
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85074635
MeSH descriptor ID	D007811
NALT ID	49212
NDF-RT ID	N0000022394
NKCR AUT ID	ph543048
Namuwiki ID	란타넘
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007555503905171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	160966
OpenAlex ID	C555894677
PSH ID	5758
PubChem CID	23926
Quora topic ID	Lanthanum
RxNorm ID	1311070
Römpp online ID	RD-12-00388
Store norske leksikon ID	lantan
Treccani ID	lantanio
UMLS CUI	C0023031
UNII	6I3K30563S
USGS Thesaurus ID	1490
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14667296-n
ZVG number	7570

Lanthanum (La)

Properties

Isotopes of Lanthanum

116La

116La Decay Modes

117La

117La Decay Modes

118La

118La Decay Modes

119La

119La Decay Modes

120La

120La Decay Modes

121La

121La Decay Modes

122La

122La Decay Modes

123La

123La Decay Modes

124La

124La Decay Modes

125La

125La Decay Modes

126La

126La Decay Modes

127La

127La Decay Modes

128La

128La Decay Modes

129La

129La Decay Modes

130La

130La Decay Modes

131La

131La Decay Modes

132La

132La Decay Modes

133La

133La Decay Modes

134La

134La Decay Modes

135La

135La Decay Modes

136La

136La Decay Modes

137La

137La Decay Modes

138La

138La Decay Modes

139La

140La

140La Decay Modes

141La

141La Decay Modes

142La

142La Decay Modes

143La

143La Decay Modes

144La

144La Decay Modes

145La

145La Decay Modes

146La

146La Decay Modes

147La

147La Decay Modes

148La

148La Decay Modes

149La

149La Decay Modes

150La

150La Decay Modes

151La

151La Decay Modes

152La

152La Decay Modes

153La

153La Decay Modes

154La

154La Decay Modes