Cerium (Ce)

Cerium is the 58th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ce and atomic number of 58. It has an atomic weight of 140.116 and a mass number of 140. Cerium has fifty-eight protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-eight electrons in six shells. It is located in group Lanthanides, period six and block f of the periodic table. Silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Four natural isotopes exist, and fifteen radioactive isotopes have been identified. Used in some rare-earth alloys. The oxidized form is used in the glass industry. Discovered by Martin .H. Klaproth in 1803.

Atomic Number	58
Atomic Weight	140.116
Mass Number	140

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	58 p⁺
Neutrons	82 n⁰
Electrons	58 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	185 pm 282 pm
Molar Volume	21 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	163 pm 137 pm 131 pm 204 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	101 pm 107 pm 114.3 pm 119.6 pm 125 pm 134 pm 87 pm 97 pm 97 pm 114 pm
Crystal Radius	115 pm 121 pm 128.3 pm 133.6 pm 139 pm 148 pm 101 pm 111 pm 121 pm 128 pm
Van der Waals Radius	242 pm 274 pm 355.6 pm
Density	6.77 g/cm³ 6,550 kg/m³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.65 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.5386 eV/particle 10.85 eV/particle 20.1974 eV/particle 36.906 eV/particle 65.55 eV/particle 77.6 eV/particle 91 eV/particle 106 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 140 eV/particle 172 eV/particle 192.24 eV/particle 312 eV/particle 340 eV/particle 371 eV/particle 403 eV/particle 435 eV/particle 472 eV/particle 509 eV/particle 543 eV/particle 579 eV/particle 613 eV/particle 749 eV/particle 785 eV/particle 824 eV/particle 862 eV/particle 924 eV/particle 965 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,103.53 eV/particle 1,908 eV/particle 1,994 eV/particle 2,087 eV/particle 2,185 eV/particle 2,280 eV/particle 2,378 eV/particle 2,500 eV/particle 2,600 eV/particle 2,706 eV/particle 2,806 eV/particle 3,087 eV/particle 3,176 eV/particle 3,274 eV/particle 3,366 eV/particle 3,570 eV/particle 3,672 eV/particle 3,865 eV/particle 3,963 eV/particle 9,020 eV/particle 9,269 eV/particle 9,545 eV/particle 9,803 eV/particle 10,542 eV/particle 10,840 eV/particle 11,210 eV/particle 11,459.85 eV/particle 46,840.304 eV/particle 47,965.72 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	398 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	5.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	420.1 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2

Valence Electrons	2 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

Oxidation States	2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.16761 1.12
Electrophilicity Index	0.9792877807552266 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,716.15 K
Melting Point	1,072.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Cerium is a Silver. Ce has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #ffffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #ffffc7. The Appearance of Element 58 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #ffffc7 #ffffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	11.3 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000063 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	26.94 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.192 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.4 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000075 m Ω
Superconducting Point	0.022 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000022 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000030826 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0014716
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point	12.5 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Cerium is FCC. The lattice constant of Ce is 5.16 Å. The lattice angles of Element 58 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (FCC)
Lattice Constant	5.16 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Cerium has a Brinell of 412 MPa, Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa, and Vickers of 270 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ce is 22 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 58 is 14 GPa. The Young Modulus of Cerium (Ce) is 34 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Cerium is 0.24. The Speed of Sound of Ce is 2100 m/s.
Hardness	412 MPa 2.5 MPa 270 MPa
Bulk Modulus	22 GPa
Shear Modulus	14 GPa
Young's Modulus	34 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.24
Speed of Sound	2,100 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Cerium is 31. The Mendeleev Number of Ce is 15. The Pettifor Number of Element 58 is 32. The Geochemical Class of Cerium (Ce) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Cerium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	31
Mendeleev Number	15
Pettifor Number	32
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Cerium is 205 plus or minus 20 a₀. Ce has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3480 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 58 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Cerium (Ce) is 0.6. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Cerium is 0.00021. The Quantum Numbers of Ce is 1G4. The Space Group of Element 58 is 194 (P63/mmc).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	205 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,480 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.6
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.00021
Quantum Numbers	1G4
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Cerium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	40
Natural Isotopes	4

¹¹⁹Ce

Mass Number	119
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	118.952957 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁰Ce

Mass Number	120
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	119.946613 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²¹Ce

Mass Number	121
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	120.943435 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.1 ± 0.1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1%

¹²²Ce

Mass Number	122
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	121.93787 ± 0.00043 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²³Ce

Mass Number	123
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	122.93528 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.8 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁴Ce

Mass Number	124
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	123.93031 ± 0.00032 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.1 ± 1.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁵Ce

Mass Number	125
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	124.92844 ± 0.00021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.7 ± 0.3 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

¹²⁶Ce

Mass Number	126
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	125.923971 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	51 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁷Ce

Mass Number	127
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	126.922727 ± 0.000031 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	34 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁸Ce

Mass Number	128
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	127.918911 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.93 ± 0.02 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁹Ce

Mass Number	129
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	128.918102 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁰Ce

Mass Number	130
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	129.914736 ± 0.00003 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	22.9 ± 0.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³¹Ce

Mass Number	131
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	130.914429465 ± 0.000035214 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³²Ce

Mass Number	132
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	131.911466226 ± 0.000021907 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.51 ± 0.11 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³³Ce

Mass Number	133
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	132.911520402 ± 0.000017557 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	97 ± 4 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁴Ce

Mass Number	134
Neutron Number	76
Relative Atomic Mass	133.908928142 ± 0.000021886 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.16 ± 0.04 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹³⁵Ce

Mass Number	135
Neutron Number	77
Relative Atomic Mass	134.909160662 ± 0.000011021 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17.7 ± 0.3 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁶Ce

Mass Number	136
Neutron Number	78
Relative Atomic Mass	135.907129256 ± 0.000000348 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.186 ± 0.002
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹³⁷Ce

Mass Number	137
Neutron Number	79
Relative Atomic Mass	136.907762416 ± 0.000000386 Da
G-Factor	0.64 ± 0.026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9 ± 0.3 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Ce

Mass Number	138
Neutron Number	80
Relative Atomic Mass	137.90599418 ± 0.000000536 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	0.251 ± 0.002
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

¹³⁹Ce

Mass Number	139
Neutron Number	81
Relative Atomic Mass	138.906647029 ± 0.000002242 Da
G-Factor	0.70666666666667 ± 0.026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	137.642 ± 0.02 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁴⁰Ce

Mass Number	140
Neutron Number	82
Relative Atomic Mass	139.905448433 ± 0.000001409 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	88.449 ± 0.051
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Ce

Mass Number	141
Neutron Number	83
Relative Atomic Mass	140.908285991 ± 0.000001411 Da
G-Factor	0.31142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32.505 ± 0.01 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴²Ce

Mass Number	142
Neutron Number	84
Relative Atomic Mass	141.909250208 ± 0.000002623 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance	11.114 ± 0.051
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)

¹⁴³Ce

Mass Number	143
Neutron Number	85
Relative Atomic Mass	142.912391953 ± 0.000002621 Da
G-Factor	0.28666666666667 ± 0.0066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	33.039 ± 0.006 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁴Ce

Mass Number	144
Neutron Number	86
Relative Atomic Mass	143.913652763 ± 0.000003041 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	284.886 ± 0.025 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1945
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁵Ce

Mass Number	145
Neutron Number	87
Relative Atomic Mass	144.917265113 ± 0.000036393 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.01 ± 0.06 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁶Ce

Mass Number	146
Neutron Number	88
Relative Atomic Mass	145.918812294 ± 0.000015743 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	13.49 ± 0.16 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁷Ce

Mass Number	147
Neutron Number	89
Relative Atomic Mass	146.9226899 ± 0.000009211 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	56.4 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁸Ce

Mass Number	148
Neutron Number	90
Relative Atomic Mass	147.924424186 ± 0.000012017 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	56.8 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁹Ce

Mass Number	149
Neutron Number	91
Relative Atomic Mass	148.9284269 ± 0.000011 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.94 ± 0.04 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁰Ce

Mass Number	150
Neutron Number	92
Relative Atomic Mass	149.930384032 ± 0.000012556 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	6.05 ± 0.07 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵¹Ce

Mass Number	151
Neutron Number	93
Relative Atomic Mass	150.9342722 ± 0.000019 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.76 ± 0.06 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵²Ce

Mass Number	152
Neutron Number	94
Relative Atomic Mass	151.936682 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.42 ± 0.02 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1990
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵³Ce

Mass Number	153
Neutron Number	95
Relative Atomic Mass	152.941052 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	865 ± 25 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁴Ce

Mass Number	154
Neutron Number	96
Relative Atomic Mass	153.94394 ± 0.000215 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	722 ± 14 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁵Ce

Mass Number	155
Neutron Number	97
Relative Atomic Mass	154.948706 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	313 ± 7 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁶Ce

Mass Number	156
Neutron Number	98
Relative Atomic Mass	155.951884 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	233 ± 9 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁷Ce

Mass Number	157
Neutron Number	99
Relative Atomic Mass	156.957133 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	175 ± 41 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁸Ce

Mass Number	158
Neutron Number	100
Relative Atomic Mass	157.960773 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	99 ± 93 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁵⁹Ce

Mass Number	159
Neutron Number	101
Relative Atomic Mass	158.966355 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

History

Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger discovered the element in ceria in 1803 in Sweden. Klaproth discovered it simultaneously and independently in some tantalum samples in Germany. Carl Gustaf Mosander, who worked closely with Berzelius, prepared metallic cerium in 1825. Cerium was named for the asteroid Ceres

Discoverers	W. von Hisinger, J. Berzelius, M. Klaproth
Discovery Location	Sweden/Germany
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the asteroid, Ceres, discovered two years before the element.
Pronunciation	SER-i-em (English)

Cerium is considered to be moderately toxic

Seawater contains 1.5 parts per trillion of cerium

Uses

Cerium is used in carbon-arc lighting, especially in the motion picture industry. Cerium oxide is an important component of glass polishing powders and phosphors used in screens and fluorescent lamps. Cerium compounds are also used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer. Its oxides are used in the optics and glass-making industries. Its salts are used in the photography and textile industry. Used in high-intensity carbon lamps and as alloying agents in special metals.

Sources

Most abundant rare earth metal. Found in many minerals like monazite sand [Ce(PO4)].

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	66.5 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.0000012 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000075 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.1519
2	p	4.2176
2	s	15.26
3	d	13.9147
3	p	19.0405
3	s	19.3408
4	d	32.3392
4	f	56.324
4	p	29.3936
4	s	28.32
5	p	41.0345
5	s	39.0865
6	s	47.2036

Also Known As

Ce
element 58
58Ce

Translations

GermanCer
Russianцерий
Frenchcérium
Italiancerio
Amharicሴሪየም
Arabicسيريوم
AzerbaijaniSerium
BelarusianЦэрый
Bulgarianцерий
Banglaসিরিয়াম
Bosniancerij
Catalanceri
CorsicanCeriu
Czechcer
ChuvashЦери
WelshCeriwm
Danishcerium
Greekδημήτριο
Esperantocerio
Spanishcerio
EstonianTseerium
Basquezerio
Persianسریم
Finnishcerium
FriulianCeri
IrishCeiriam
GalicianCerio
ManxKerrium
Hakka Chinesecerium
Hebrewצריום
Hindiसीरियम
Fiji HindiCerium
CroatianCerij
Haitian CreoleSeryòm
Hungariancérium
Armenianցերիում
InterlinguaCerium
Indonesianserium
IdoCerio
Japaneseセリウム
Lojbanjinmrseri
Georgianცერიუმი
Korean세륨
KomiЦерий
Latincerium
LuxembourgishCer
LigurianÇerio
LithuanianCeris
Latviancērijs
Malayalamസീറിയം
Marathiसेरियम
Western MariЦерий
MalaySerium
Burmeseဆယ်ရီယမ်
Dutchcerium
Norwegian Nynorskcerium
OccitanCèri
Polishcer
Western Panjabiسیریم
Portuguesecério
QuechuaSeryu
Romanianceriu
Sanskritसेरियम्
YakutСериум
Sicilianceriu
Serbo-CroatianCerijum
Slovakcér
SlovenianCerij
AlbanianKeriumi
Serbianцеријум
Saterland FrisianCerium
Swedishcerium
SwahiliSeri
Tamilசீரியம்
Thaiซีเรียม
TurkishSeryum
Uyghurسېرىي
Ukrainianцерій
Urduسیریئم
VepsCerii
Vietnamesexeri
WarayCeryo
KalmykЦериүм
YorubaCerium
Chinese鈰
Norwegian Bokmålcerium
BretonKeriom
CebuanoCeryo
MacedonianЦериум
Central Kurdishسێریۆم
KazakhЦерий
Odiaସେରିଅମ
Gujaratiસિરીયમ
PiedmonteseCerio
TatarЦерий
ScotsCerium
Cantonese鈰
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Цэр
TagalogSeryo
Newariसेरियम
AromanianCeriu
KyrgyzЦерий
LimburgishCerium
Nepaliसेरियम
Malteseċerju
Scottish GaelicCerium
Portuguese (Brazil)cério
Paliसेरियम
Punjabiਸੀਰੀਅਮ
Teluguసీరియం
cdoCerium
Min Nan ChineseCerium
AfrikaansSerium
Bhojpuriसेरियम
AsturianCeriu
Kannadaಸೀರಿಯಮ್
Tajikцерий
Literary Chinese鈰
kbpSɛrɩyɔm
Wu Chinese铈
Mongolianцери
Lingua Franca Novaserio
oloCerii
Northern FrisianTseerium
Chinese (Traditional)鈰
Chinese (Taiwan)鈰
Chinese (Simplified)铈
SardinianTzèriu
UzbekSeriy
Moroccan Arabicسيريوم
BashkirЦерий
Egyptian Arabicسيريوم
Pashtoسېريوم
CornishCeriom
Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鈰
BalineseSérium
BikolSeryo
IcelandicSerín
GandaSeriyaamu

Cerium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380497
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3414
BNCF Thesaurus ID	32568
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	122584198
CAB ID	88611
CAS Registry Number	7440-45-1
ChEBI ID	33369
ChemSpider ID	22411
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID4032328
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0058641
Den Store Danske ID	cerium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.322
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/cerium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	cerium
Freebase ID	/m/025tktq
French Vikidia ID	Cérium
GND ID	4147480-6
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0016734
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4675988
Hrvatska enciklopedija ID	11280
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013672
InChI	InChI=1S/Ce
InChIKey	GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Cerium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/TSERI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85022138
MeSH descriptor ID	D002563
NALT ID	24071
Namuwiki ID	세륨
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007284960805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	156939
OpenAlex ID	C523597863
PSH ID	5763
PubChem CID	23974
Quora topic ID	Cerium
RxNorm ID	1367178
Römpp online ID	RD-03-00917
Store norske leksikon ID	cerium
Treccani ID	cerio
UNII	30K4522N6T
USGS Thesaurus ID	1423
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14658135-n
ZVG number	8430

Cerium (Ce)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Cerium

119Ce

120Ce

121Ce

122Ce

123Ce

124Ce

125Ce

126Ce

127Ce

128Ce

129Ce

130Ce

131Ce

132Ce

133Ce

134Ce

135Ce

136Ce

137Ce

138Ce

139Ce

140Ce

141Ce

142Ce

143Ce

144Ce

145Ce

146Ce

147Ce

148Ce

149Ce

150Ce

151Ce

152Ce

153Ce

154Ce

155Ce

156Ce

157Ce

158Ce

159Ce