Cerium (Ce)

Cerium is the 58th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ce and atomic number of 58. It has an atomic weight of 140.116 and a mass number of 140. Cerium has fifty-eight protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-eight electrons in six shells. It is located in group zero, period six and block f of the periodic table. Silvery metallic element, belongs to the lanthanoids. Four natural isotopes exist, and fifteen radioactive isotopes have been identified. Used in some rare-earth alloys. The oxidized form is used in the glass industry. Discovered by Martin .H. Klaproth in 1803.

Atomic Number	58
Atomic Weight	140.116
Mass Number	140

Group
Period	6
Block	f

Protons	58 p⁺
Neutrons	82 n⁰
Electrons	58 e^-

Properties

Physical Properties
Atomic Radius	185 pm 282 pm
Molar Volume	21 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	163 pm 137 pm 131 pm 204 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius	101 pm 107 pm 114.3 pm 119.6 pm 125 pm 134 pm 87 pm 97 pm 97 pm 114 pm
Crystal Radius	115 pm 121 pm 128.3 pm 133.6 pm 139 pm 148 pm 101 pm 111 pm 121 pm 128 pm
Van der Waals Radius	242 pm 274 pm 355.6 pm
Density	6.77 g/cm³ 6,550 kg/m³
Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.65 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	5.5386 eV/particle 10.85 eV/particle 20.1974 eV/particle 36.906 eV/particle 65.55 eV/particle 77.6 eV/particle 91 eV/particle 106 eV/particle 125 eV/particle 140 eV/particle 172 eV/particle 192.24 eV/particle 312 eV/particle 340 eV/particle 371 eV/particle 403 eV/particle 435 eV/particle 472 eV/particle 509 eV/particle 543 eV/particle 579 eV/particle 613 eV/particle 749 eV/particle 785 eV/particle 824 eV/particle 862 eV/particle 924 eV/particle 965 eV/particle 1,060 eV/particle 1,103.53 eV/particle 1,908 eV/particle 1,994 eV/particle 2,087 eV/particle 2,185 eV/particle 2,280 eV/particle 2,378 eV/particle 2,500 eV/particle 2,600 eV/particle 2,706 eV/particle 2,806 eV/particle 3,087 eV/particle 3,176 eV/particle 3,274 eV/particle 3,366 eV/particle 3,570 eV/particle 3,672 eV/particle 3,865 eV/particle 3,963 eV/particle 9,020 eV/particle 9,269 eV/particle 9,545 eV/particle 9,803 eV/particle 10,542 eV/particle 10,840 eV/particle 11,210 eV/particle 11,459.85 eV/particle 46,840.304 eV/particle 47,965.72 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	398 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	5.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	420.1 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2

Valence Electrons	2

Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

Oxidation States	2, 3, 4
Electronegativity	0.16761 1.12
Electrophilicity	0.9792877807552266 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	3,716.15 K
Melting Point	1,072.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Cerium is a Silver. Ce has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #ffffc7, and MOLCAS GV of #ffffc7. The Appearance of Element 58 is silvery white.
Color	Silver #ff1493 #ffffc7 #ffffc7
Appearance	silvery white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	11.3 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000063 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	26.94 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.192 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	1.4 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000075 m Ω
Superconducting Point	0.022 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.00000022 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000030826 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.0014716
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point	12.5 K
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Cerium is FCC. The lattice constant of Ce is 5.16 Å. The lattice angles of Element 58 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3.
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal (FCC)
Lattice Constant	5.16 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Mechanical Properties
Cerium has a Brinell of 412 MPa, Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa, and Vickers of 270 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ce is 22 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 58 is 14 GPa. The Young Modulus of Cerium (Ce) is 34 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Cerium is 0.24. The Speed of Sound of Ce is 2100 m/s.
Hardness	412 MPa 2.5 MPa 270 MPa
Bulk Modulus	22 GPa
Shear Modulus	14 GPa
Young Modulus	34 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.24
Speed of Sound	2,100 m/s
Classification
The Glawe Number of Cerium is 31. The Mendeleev Number of Ce is 15. The Pettifor Number of Element 58 is 32. The Geochemical Class of Cerium (Ce) is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Cerium is litophile.
Category	Lanthanides, Lanthanides
CAS Group
IUPAC Group
Glawe Number	31
Mendeleev Number	15
Pettifor Number	32
Geochemical Class	rare earth & related
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
The Dipole Polarizability of Cerium is 205 plus or minus 20 a₀. Ce has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3480 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 58 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Cerium (Ce) is 0.6. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Cerium is 0.00021. The Quantum Numbers of Ce is 1G4. The Space Group of Element 58 is 194 (P63/mmc).
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	205 ± 20 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	3,480 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.6
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.00021
Quantum Numbers	1G4
Space Group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Cerium

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	37
Radioactive Isotopes	36

¹¹⁹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	118.952957 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	119
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹¹⁹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁰Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	119.946613 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	120
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	+

¹²⁰Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²¹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	120.943435 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	121
G-Factor
Half Life	1.1 ± 0.1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity

¹²¹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	1%

¹²²Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	121.93787 ± 0.00043 Da
Mass Number	122
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2005
Parity	+

¹²²Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²³Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	122.93528 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	123
G-Factor
Half Life	3.8 ± 0.2 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity

¹²³Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁴Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	123.93031 ± 0.00032 Da
Mass Number	124
G-Factor	0
Half Life	9.1 ± 1.2 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

¹²⁴Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁵Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	124.92844 ± 0.00021 Da
Mass Number	125
G-Factor
Half Life	9.7 ± 0.3 s
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	-

¹²⁵Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

¹²⁶Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	125.923971 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	126
G-Factor	0
Half Life	51 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

¹²⁶Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁷Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	126.922727 ± 0.000031 Da
Mass Number	127
G-Factor
Half Life	34 ± 2 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	+

¹²⁷Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁸Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	127.918911 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	128
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.93 ± 0.02 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

¹²⁸Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹²⁹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	128.918102 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	129
G-Factor
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.3 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹²⁹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁰Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	129.914736 ± 0.00003 Da
Mass Number	130
G-Factor	0
Half Life	22.9 ± 0.5 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1965
Parity	+

¹³⁰Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³¹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	130.914429465 ± 0.000035214 Da
Mass Number	131
G-Factor
Half Life	10.3 ± 0.3 m
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1966
Parity	+

¹³¹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³²Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	131.911466226 ± 0.000021907 Da
Mass Number	132
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.51 ± 0.11 h
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

¹³²Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³³Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	132.911520402 ± 0.000017557 Da
Mass Number	133
G-Factor
Half Life	97 ± 4 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹³³Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁴Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	133.908928142 ± 0.000021886 Da
Mass Number	134
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.16 ± 0.04 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

¹³⁴Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹³⁵Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	134.909160662 ± 0.000011021 Da
Mass Number	135
G-Factor
Half Life	17.7 ± 0.3 h
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³⁵Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁶Ce

Abundance	0.186 ± 0.002
Relative Atomic Mass	135.907129256 ± 0.000000348 Da
Mass Number	136
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	+

¹³⁶Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹³⁷Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	136.907762416 ± 0.000000386 Da
Mass Number	137
G-Factor	0.64 ± 0.026666666666667
Half Life	9 ± 0.3 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³⁷Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹³⁸Ce

Abundance	0.251 ± 0.002
Relative Atomic Mass	137.90599418 ± 0.000000536 Da
Mass Number	138
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	+

¹³⁸Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)	%

¹³⁹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	138.906647029 ± 0.000002242 Da
Mass Number	139
G-Factor	0.70666666666667 ± 0.026666666666667
Half Life	137.642 ± 0.02 d
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	+

¹³⁹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

¹⁴⁰Ce

Abundance	88.449 ± 0.051
Relative Atomic Mass	139.905448433 ± 0.000001409 Da
Mass Number	140
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹⁴¹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	140.908285991 ± 0.000001411 Da
Mass Number	141
G-Factor	0.31142857142857 ± 0.011428571428571
Half Life	32.505 ± 0.01 d
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

¹⁴¹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴²Ce

Abundance	11.114 ± 0.051
Relative Atomic Mass	141.909250208 ± 0.000002623 Da
Mass Number	142
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1925
Parity	+

¹⁴²Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
α (α emission)	%
2β⁻ (double β⁻ decay)	%

¹⁴³Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	142.912391953 ± 0.000002621 Da
Mass Number	143
G-Factor	0.28666666666667 ± 0.0066666666666667
Half Life	33.039 ± 0.006 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1948
Parity	-

¹⁴³Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁴Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	143.913652763 ± 0.000003041 Da
Mass Number	144
G-Factor	0
Half Life	284.886 ± 0.025 d
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1945
Parity	+

¹⁴⁴Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁵Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	144.917265113 ± 0.000036393 Da
Mass Number	145
G-Factor
Half Life	3.01 ± 0.06 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	-

¹⁴⁵Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁶Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	145.918812294 ± 0.000015743 Da
Mass Number	146
G-Factor	0
Half Life	13.49 ± 0.16 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1953
Parity	+

¹⁴⁶Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁷Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	146.9226899 ± 0.000009211 Da
Mass Number	147
G-Factor
Half Life	56.4 ± 1 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	-

¹⁴⁷Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁸Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	147.924424186 ± 0.000012017 Da
Mass Number	148
G-Factor	0
Half Life	56.8 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

¹⁴⁸Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁴⁹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	148.9284269 ± 0.000011 Da
Mass Number	149
G-Factor
Half Life	4.94 ± 0.04 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	-

¹⁴⁹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵⁰Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	149.930384032 ± 0.000012556 Da
Mass Number	150
G-Factor	0
Half Life	6.05 ± 0.07 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

¹⁵⁰Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵¹Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	150.9342722 ± 0.000019 Da
Mass Number	151
G-Factor
Half Life	1.76 ± 0.06 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

¹⁵¹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵²Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	151.936682 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	152
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1.42 ± 0.02 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1990
Parity	+

¹⁵²Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁵³Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	152.941052 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	153
G-Factor
Half Life	865 ± 25 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹⁵³Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁴Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	153.94394 ± 0.000215 Da
Mass Number	154
G-Factor	0
Half Life	722 ± 14 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

¹⁵⁴Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁵Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	154.948706 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	155
G-Factor
Half Life	313 ± 7 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

¹⁵⁵Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁶Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	155.951884 ± 0.000322 Da
Mass Number	156
G-Factor	0
Half Life	233 ± 9 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

¹⁵⁶Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁷Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	156.957133 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	157
G-Factor
Half Life	175 ± 41 ms
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

¹⁵⁷Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁸Ce

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	157.960773 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	158
G-Factor	0
Half Life	99 ± 93 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2016
Parity	+

¹⁵⁸Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

¹⁵⁹Ce

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	158.966355 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	159
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year
Parity	-

¹⁵⁹Ce Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger discovered the element in ceria in 1803 in Sweden. Klaproth discovered it simultaneously and independently in some tantalum samples in Germany. Carl Gustaf Mosander, who worked closely with Berzelius, prepared metallic cerium in 1825. Cerium was named for the asteroid Ceres

Discoverers	W. von Hisinger, J. Berzelius, M. Klaproth
Discovery Location	Sweden/Germany
Discovery Year	1803
Etymology (Name Origin)	Named after the asteroid, Ceres, discovered two years before the element.
Pronunciation	SER-i-em (English)

Cerium is considered to be moderately toxic

Seawater contains 1.5 parts per trillion of cerium

Uses

Cerium is used in carbon-arc lighting, especially in the motion picture industry. Cerium oxide is an important component of glass polishing powders and phosphors used in screens and fluorescent lamps. Cerium compounds are also used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer. Its oxides are used in the optics and glass-making industries. Its salts are used in the photography and textile industry. Used in high-intensity carbon lamps and as alloying agents in special metals.

Sources

Most abundant rare earth metal. Found in many minerals like monazite sand [Ce(PO4)].

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	66.5 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.0000012 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor	0.000075 %
Abundance in Sun	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	1.1519
2	p	4.2176
2	s	15.26
3	d	13.9147
3	p	19.0405
3	s	19.3408
4	d	32.3392
4	f	56.324
4	p	29.3936
4	s	28.32
5	p	41.0345
5	s	39.0865
6	s	47.2036

Cerium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380497
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3414
BNCF Thesaurus ID	32568
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	122584198
CAB ID	88611
CAS Registry Number	7440-45-1
ChEBI ID	33369
ChemSpider ID	22411
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID4032328
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0058641
Den Store Danske ID	cerium
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.322
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/cerium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	cerium
Freebase ID	/m/025tktq
French Vikidia ID	Cérium
GND ID	4147480-6
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0016734
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	4675988
Hrvatska enciklopedija ID	11280
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0013672
InChI	InChI=1S/Ce
InChIKey	GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Cerium
Krugosvet article	nauka_i_tehnika/himiya/TSERI.html
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85022138
MeSH descriptor ID	D002563
NALT ID	24071
Namuwiki ID	세륨
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007284960805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	156939
OpenAlex ID	C523597863
PSH ID	5763
PubChem CID	23974
Quora topic ID	Cerium
RxNorm ID	1367178
Römpp online ID	RD-03-00917
Store norske leksikon ID	cerium
Treccani ID	cerio
UNII	30K4522N6T
USGS Thesaurus ID	1423
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14658135-n
ZVG number	8430

Cerium (Ce)

Properties

Isotopes of Cerium

119Ce

119Ce Decay Modes

120Ce

120Ce Decay Modes

121Ce

121Ce Decay Modes

122Ce

122Ce Decay Modes

123Ce

123Ce Decay Modes

124Ce

124Ce Decay Modes

125Ce

125Ce Decay Modes

126Ce

126Ce Decay Modes

127Ce

127Ce Decay Modes

128Ce

128Ce Decay Modes

129Ce

129Ce Decay Modes

130Ce

130Ce Decay Modes

131Ce

131Ce Decay Modes

132Ce

132Ce Decay Modes

133Ce

133Ce Decay Modes

134Ce

134Ce Decay Modes

135Ce

135Ce Decay Modes

136Ce

136Ce Decay Modes

137Ce

137Ce Decay Modes

138Ce

138Ce Decay Modes

139Ce

139Ce Decay Modes

140Ce

141Ce

141Ce Decay Modes

142Ce

142Ce Decay Modes

143Ce

143Ce Decay Modes

144Ce

144Ce Decay Modes

145Ce

145Ce Decay Modes

146Ce

146Ce Decay Modes

147Ce

147Ce Decay Modes

148Ce

148Ce Decay Modes

149Ce

149Ce Decay Modes

150Ce

150Ce Decay Modes

151Ce

151Ce Decay Modes

152Ce

152Ce Decay Modes

153Ce

153Ce Decay Modes

154Ce

154Ce Decay Modes

155Ce

155Ce Decay Modes

156Ce

156Ce Decay Modes

157Ce

157Ce Decay Modes