Lanthanum (La)
Lanthanum is the 57th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of La and atomic number of 57. It has an atomic weight of 138.90547 and a mass number of 139. Lanthanum has fifty-seven protons and eighty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-seven electrons in six shells. It is located in group three, period six and block d of the periodic table. (From the Greek word lanthanein, to line hidden) Silvery metallic element belonging to group 3 of the periodic table and oft considered to be one of the lanthanoids. Found in some rare-earth minerals. Twenty-five natural isotopes exist. La-139 which is stable, and La-138 which has a half-life of 10^10 to 10^15 years. The other twenty-three isotopes are radioactive. It resembles the lanthanoids chemically. Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity, and should be handled with care. Discovered in 1839 by C.G. Mosander.
| Atomic Number | 57 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 138.90547 |
| Mass Number | 139 |
| Group | 3 |
|---|---|
| Period | 6 |
| Block | d |
| Protons | 57 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 82 n0 |
| Electrons | 57 e- |
Physical Properties
| Atomic Radius | |
|---|---|
| Molar Volume | |
| Covalent Radius | |
| Metallic Radius | |
| Ionic Radius | |
| Crystal Radius | |
| Van der Waals Radius | |
| Density |
Chemical Properties
| Energy | |
|---|---|
| Proton Affinity | |
| Electron Affinity | |
| Ionization Energy | |
| Heat of Vaporization | |
| Heat of Fusion | |
| Heat of Formation | |
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 5d1 6s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 5d1 6s2 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | 0, 1, 2, 3 |
| Electronegativity |
1.1
|
| Electrophilicity Index | |
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Melting Point | |
| Critical Pressure | |
| Critical Temperature | |
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Lanthanum is a Silver. La has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #70d4ff, and MOLCAS GV of #70d4ff. The Appearance of Element 57 is silvery white. | |
| Color | Silver
|
| Appearance | silvery white |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | |
| Thermal Expansion | |
| Molar Heat Capacity | |
| Specific Heat Capacity | |
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | Conductor |
| Electrical Conductivity | |
| Electrical Resistivity | |
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | paramagnetic |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.000000011 m³/Kg
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001528 m³/mol
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00006761
|
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Lanthanum is HEX. The lattice constant of La is 3.75 Å. The lattice angles of Element 57 are π/2, π/2, 2 π/3. | |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal (HEX) |
| Lattice Constant | |
| Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Mechanical Properties | |
Lanthanum has a Brinell of 363 MPa, Mohs hardness of 2.5 MPa, and Vickers of 491 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of La is 28 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 57 is 14 GPa. The Young Modulus of Lanthanum (La) is 37 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Lanthanum is 0.28. The Speed of Sound of La is 2475 m/s. | |
| Hardness | |
| Bulk Modulus | |
| Shear Modulus | |
| Young's Modulus | |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
| Speed of Sound | |
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Lanthanum is IIIA. The IUPAC Group of La is IIIB. The Glawe Number of Element 57 is 32. The Mendeleev Number of Lanthanum (La) is 13. The Pettifor Number of Lanthanum is 33. The Geochemical Class of La is rare earth & related. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 57 is litophile. | |
| Category | Lanthanides, Lanthanides |
| CAS Group | IIIA |
| IUPAC Group | IIIB |
| Glawe Number | 32 |
| Mendeleev Number | 13 |
| Pettifor Number | 33 |
| Geochemical Class | rare earth & related |
| Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other
The Gas Basicity of Lanthanum is 991.9 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of La is 215 plus or minus 20 a₀. Element 57 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3730 a₀. The Allotropes of Lanthanum (La) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Lanthanum is 8.98. The Neutron Mass Absorption of La is 0.0023. The Quantum Numbers of Element 57 is 2D3/2. The Space Group of Lanthanum (La) is 194 (P63/mmc).
| Gas Basicity | |
|---|---|
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 8.98
|
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0023
|
| Quantum Numbers | 2D3/2 |
| Space Group | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Isotopes of Lanthanum
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 41 |
| Natural Isotopes | 2 |
116La
| Mass Number | 116 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 59 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | |
| p (proton emission) |
117La
| Mass Number | 117 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 60 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 21.7 ± 1.8 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2001 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) | 100% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
118La
| Mass Number | 118 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 61 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
119La
| Mass Number | 119 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 62 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 11/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) |
120La
| Mass Number | 120 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 63 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.8 ± 0.2 s
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1984 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
121La
| Mass Number | 121 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 64 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5.3 ± 0.2 s
|
| Spin | 11/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1988 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
122La
| Mass Number | 122 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 65 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 8.6 ± 0.5 s
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1984 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
123La
| Mass Number | 123 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 66 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 17 ± 3 s
|
| Spin | 11/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1978 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
124La
| Mass Number | 124 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 67 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 29.21 ± 0.17 s
|
| Spin | 7 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1978 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
125La
| Mass Number | 125 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 68 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 64.8 ± 1.2 s
|
| Spin | 11/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1973 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
126La
| Mass Number | 126 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 69 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 54 ± 2 s
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
127La
| Mass Number | 127 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 70 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5.1 ± 0.1 m
|
| Spin | 11/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1963 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
128La
| Mass Number | 128 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 71 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5.18 ± 0.14 m
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
129La
| Mass Number | 129 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 72 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 11.6 ± 0.2 m
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1963 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
130La
| Mass Number | 130 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 73 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 8.7 ± 0.1 m
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1961 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
131La
| Mass Number | 131 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 74 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 59 ± 2 m
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
132La
| Mass Number | 132 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 75 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 4.59 ± 0.04 h
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
133La
| Mass Number | 133 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 76 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.912 ± 0.008 h
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1950 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
134La
| Mass Number | 134 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 77 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6.45 ± 0.16 m
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
135La
| Mass Number | 135 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 78 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.48 ± 0.036
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 18.91 ± 0.02 h
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | -0.4 ± 0.4
|
| Discovery Year | 1948 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
136La
| Mass Number | 136 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 79 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 9.87 ± 0.03 m
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1950 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
137La
| Mass Number | 137 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 80 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.77028571428571 ± 0.0017142857142857
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 60 ± 20 ky
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.21 ± 0.04
|
| Discovery Year | 1948 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
138La
| Mass Number | 138 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 81 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.74168 ± 0.00004
|
| Abundance | 0.08881 ± 0.00071
|
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 103 ± 1 Gy
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.39 ± 0.03
|
| Discovery Year | 1947 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 65.5% |
| β− (β− decay) | 34.5% |
139La
| Mass Number | 139 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 82 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.79402857142857 ± 0.000057142857142857
|
| Abundance | 99.91119 ± 0.00071
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.206 ± 0.004
|
| Discovery Year | 1924 |
| Parity | + |
140La
| Mass Number | 140 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 83 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.24333333333333 ± 0.005
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 40.289 ± 0.004 h
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.087 ± 0.013
|
| Discovery Year | 1935 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
141La
| Mass Number | 141 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 84 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.92 ± 0.03 h
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
142La
| Mass Number | 142 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 85 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 91.1 ± 0.5 m
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1953 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
143La
| Mass Number | 143 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 86 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 14.2 ± 0.1 m
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
144La
| Mass Number | 144 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 87 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 44 ± 0.7 s
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1967 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
145La
| Mass Number | 145 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 88 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 24.8 ± 2 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1974 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
146La
| Mass Number | 146 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 89 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 9.9 ± 0.1 s
|
| Spin | 5 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1970 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
147La
| Mass Number | 147 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 90 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 4.026 ± 0.02 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1979 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.041% |
148La
| Mass Number | 148 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 91 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.414 ± 0.025 s
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.18% |
149La
| Mass Number | 149 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 92 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.071 ± 0.022 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1979 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.43% |
150La
| Mass Number | 150 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 93 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 504 ± 15 ms
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1993 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.7% |
151La
| Mass Number | 151 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 94 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 465 ± 24 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1994 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
152La
| Mass Number | 152 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 95 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 287 ± 16 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1994 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
153La
| Mass Number | 153 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 96 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 245 ± 18 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1994 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
154La
| Mass Number | 154 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 97 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 161 ± 15 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2017 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
155La
| Mass Number | 155 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 98 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 101 ± 28 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2016 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
156La
| Mass Number | 156 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 99 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 84 ± 78 ms
|
| Spin | 4 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2017 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
157La
| Mass Number | 157 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 100 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2018 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
History
Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He partially decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating the resulting salt with dilute nitric acid. From the resulting solution, he obtained a pale brick colored oxide of the new rare earth. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. From the Greek word lanthanein, to lie hidden
| Discoverers | Carl Mosander |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | Sweden |
| Discovery Year | 1839 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: lanthanein (to be hidden). |
| Pronunciation | LAN-the-nem (English) |
Lanthanum and its compounds are considered to be moderately toxic
Lanthanum is the most reactive of the rare earth metals
Uses
Lanthanum is used in large quantities in batteries for hybrid automobiles. It is also used to make night vision goggles. Small amounts of lanthanum, as an additive, can be used to produce nodular cast iron. Lanthanum carbonate is used to reduce blood levels of phosphate in patients with kidney disease. It is used in the electodes of high-intensity, carbon-arc lights. Also used in the production of high-grade europium metal. Because it gives glass refractive properties, it is used in expensive camera lenses.
Sources
Found with rare earths in monazite and bastnasite. Monazite sand typicall contains 25% lanthanum.
| Abundance | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Earth's crust | |
| Natural Abundance (Oceans) | |
| Natural Abundance (Human Body) | |
| Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 0.000028 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.0000002 %
|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.0000002 %
|
Nuclear Screening Constants
| 1 | s | 1.1317 |
| 2 | p | 4.2044 |
| 2 | s | 15.0466 |
| 3 | d | 13.9398 |
| 3 | p | 18.8604 |
| 3 | s | 19.0569 |
| 4 | d | 32.2748 |
| 4 | f | 55.64 |
| 4 | p | 29.2936 |
| 4 | s | 28.2036 |
| 5 | p | 41.104 |
| 5 | s | 39.189 |
| 6 | s | 47.688 |
Also Known As
- La
- element 57
- 57La
- metallic lanthanum
Translations
- Frenchlanthane
- Italianlantanio
- Spanishlantano
- GermanLanthan
- Afrikaanslantaan
- Amharicላንታኒየም
- Arabicلانثانوم
- AzerbaijaniLantan
- BelarusianЛантан
- Bulgarianлантан
- Banglaল্যান্থানাম
- Bosnianlantan
- Catalanlantani
- CorsicanLantaniu
- Czechlanthan
- ChuvashЛантан
- WelshLanthanwm
- Danishlanthan
- Greekλανθάνιο
- Esperantolantano
- EstonianLantaan
- Basquelantano
- Persianلانتان
- Finnishlantaani
- FriulianLantani
- Irishlantanam
- GalicianLantano
- ManxLantanum
- Hakka Chineselanthanum
- Hebrewלנתן
- Hindiलैन्थनम
- Fiji HindiLanthanum
- CroatianLantan
- Haitian CreoleLantàn
- Hungarianlantán
- Armenianլանթան
- Interlingualanthano
- Indonesianlantanum
- Idolantano
- Icelandiclantan
- Japaneseランタン
- Lojbanjinmrlantano
- JavaneseLantanum
- Georgianლანთანი
- Korean란타넘
- KomiЛантан
- Latinlanthanum
- LuxembourgishLanthan
- LigurianLantagno
- LithuanianLantanas
- Latvianlantāns
- Malayalamലാന്തനം
- Marathiलँथेनम
- Western MariЛантан
- MalayLantanum
- Burmeseလန်သနမ်
- Dutchlanthaan
- Norwegian Nynorsklantan
- OccitanLantani
- Polishlantan
- Western Panjabiلینتھانم
- Portugueselantânio
- QuechuaLanthanu
- Romanianlantan
- Russianлантан
- YakutЛантан
- Sicilianlantaniu
- Serbo-CroatianLantan
- Slovaklantán
- SlovenianLantan
- Serbianлантан
- Saterland FrisianLanthan
- Swedishlantan
- Tamilஇலந்தனம்
- Thaiแลนทานัม
- TurkishLantan
- Uyghurلانتان
- Ukrainianлантан
- Urduمکتوم
- VepsLantan
- Vietnameselantan
- WarayLantano
- KalmykЛантан
- YorubaLanthanum
- Chinese镧
- Norwegian Bokmållantan
- CebuanoLantano
- Central Kurdishلانتانۆم
- KazakhЛантан
- Macedonianлантан
- BretonLantanom
- Gujaratiલેન્થેનમ
- Odiaଲାନ୍ଥାନମ
- Kannadaಲ್ಯಾಂಥಾನಮ್
- TatarЛантан
- UzbekLantan
- PiedmonteseLantani
- Scotslanthanum
- SomaliLanthanum
- ErzyaЛантан
- Cantonese鑭
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Лянтан
- AlbanianLantani
- Chinese (China)镧
- Chinese (Simplified)镧
- Chinese (Traditional)鑭
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鑭
- Chinese (Taiwan)鑭
- AromanianLanthanu
- KyrgyzЛантан
- Malteselantanu
- Bhojpuriलैंथेनम
- Sanskritल्यान्थानम
- Paliल्यान्थानम
- TagalogLantano
- Newariल्यान्थानम
- Scottish GaelicLantanum
- Portuguese (Brazil)lantânio
- Punjabiਲੈਂਥਨਮ
- Teluguలాంథనం
- cdoLanthanum
- Min Nan ChineseLanthanum
- Tibetanདང་ལེན་ཐེམ།
- AsturianLantanu
- Tajikлантан
- Lingua Franca Novalantano
- Wu Chinese镧
- Literary Chinese鑭
- Mongolianлантан
- kbpLantanɩ
- oloLantanu
- Northern FrisianLantaan
- Nepaliलाञ्थनम
- LimburgishLanthaan
- SwahiliLanthani
- SardinianLantàniu
- English (United Kingdom)lanthanum
- Moroccan Arabicلانطان
- Egyptian Arabicلانثانوم
- Pashtoلانتېنيوم
- CornishLanthanom
- BikolLantano
- BalineseLanthanum
- GandaLantanaamu
