Magnesium (Mg)

chemical element, symbol Mg and atomic number 12

Atomic Number	12
Atomic Weight	24.305
Nombor jisim	24

Group	2
Period	3
Block	s

proton	12 p⁺
neutron	12 n⁰
Elektron	12 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	150 pm 240 pm
molar volume	14 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	139 pm 132 pm 127 pm 142 pm 141 pm
Metallic Radius	136 pm 160 pm
ionic radius	57 pm 66 pm 72 pm 89 pm
Crystal Radius	71 pm 80 pm 86 pm 103 pm
Jejari van der Waals	220 pm 173 pm 173 pm 243 pm 302.1 pm
ketumpatan	1.74 g/cm³ 1,584 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity	819.6 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron
ionization energy	7.646235 eV/particle 15.035267 eV/particle 80.1436 eV/particle 109.2654 eV/particle 141.335 eV/particle 186.76 eV/particle 225.015 eV/particle 265.924 eV/particle 327.985 eV/particle 367.5 eV/particle 1,761.80481 eV/particle 1,962.664 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	131.8 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	9.2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	147.1 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 2

Elektron valens	2 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ne] 3s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	0, 1, 2
Keelektronegatifan	7.646 eV/particle 0.121644 1.31
Electrophilicity Index
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	1,363.15 K
Melting Point	923.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Black #228b22 #8aff00 #8aff00
rupa	shiny grey solid
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	156 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.0000248 1/K
molar heat capacity	24.869 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	1.023 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	23 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000004399999999999 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000069 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000168 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.000012
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.21 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mechanical property
hardness	260 MPa 2.5 MPa
Modulus pukal	45 GPa
shear modulus	17 GPa
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Nisbah Poisson	0.29
Kelajuan bunyi	4,602 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Alkaline earth metals
CAS Group	IIA
IUPAC Group	IIA
Glawe Number	73
Mendeleev Number	76
Pettifor Number	73
Geochemical Class	major
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity	797.3 kJ/mol
polarizability	71.2 ± 0.4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	626 a₀ 629 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.063
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0001
Nombor kuantum	1S0
space group	194 (P63/mmc)

Isotopes of Magnesium

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	20
Natural Isotopes	3

¹⁹Mg

Nombor jisim	19
nombor neutron	7
Jisim Atom Relatif	19.03417992 ± 0.000064413 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5 ± 3 ps
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2007
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

²⁰Mg

Nombor jisim	20
nombor neutron	8
Jisim Atom Relatif	20.018763075 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	90.4 ± 0.5 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1974
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	30.3%

²¹Mg

Nombor jisim	21
nombor neutron	9
Jisim Atom Relatif	21.011705764 ± 0.00000081 Da
g-factor	-0.3932 ± 0.0028
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	120 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1963
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	20.1%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	0.116%
B+pA	0.016%

²²Mg

Nombor jisim	22
nombor neutron	10
Jisim Atom Relatif	21.999570597 ± 0.00000017 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.8745 ± 0.0007 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1961
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²³Mg

Nombor jisim	23
nombor neutron	11
Jisim Atom Relatif	22.994123768 ± 0.000000034 Da
g-factor	-0.35753333333333 ± 0.0002
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	11.3039 ± 0.0032 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.114 ± 0.003
tarikh penemuan	1939
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁴Mg

Nombor jisim	24
nombor neutron	12
Jisim Atom Relatif	23.985041689 ± 0.000000013 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	78.965 ± 0.049
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

²⁵Mg

Nombor jisim	25
nombor neutron	13
Jisim Atom Relatif	24.985836966 ± 0.00000005 Da
g-factor	-0.342132 ± 0.000012
natural abundance	10.011 ± 0.013
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.199 ± 0.002
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

²⁶Mg

Nombor jisim	26
nombor neutron	14
Jisim Atom Relatif	25.982592972 ± 0.000000031 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	11.025 ± 0.038
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1920
parity	+

²⁷Mg

Nombor jisim	27
nombor neutron	15
Jisim Atom Relatif	26.984340647 ± 0.00000005 Da
g-factor	-0.8212 ± 0.003
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	9.435 ± 0.027 m
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1934
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁸Mg

Nombor jisim	28
nombor neutron	16
Jisim Atom Relatif	27.983875426 ± 0.00000028 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	20.915 ± 0.009 h
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1953
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁹Mg

Nombor jisim	29
nombor neutron	17
Jisim Atom Relatif	28.988607163 ± 0.000000369 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.3 ± 0.12 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.16 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

³⁰Mg

Nombor jisim	30
nombor neutron	18
Jisim Atom Relatif	29.990465454 ± 0.00000139 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	317 ± 4 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.06%

³¹Mg

Nombor jisim	31
nombor neutron	19
Jisim Atom Relatif	30.996648232 ± 0.0000033 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	270 ± 2 ms
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.2%

³²Mg

Nombor jisim	32
nombor neutron	20
Jisim Atom Relatif	31.999110138 ± 0.0000035 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	80.4 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.5%

³³Mg

Nombor jisim	33
nombor neutron	21
Jisim Atom Relatif	33.005327862 ± 0.000002859 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	92 ± 1.2 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.13 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁴Mg

Nombor jisim	34
nombor neutron	22
Jisim Atom Relatif	34.008935455 ± 0.0000074 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	44.9 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1979
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	21%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.1%

³⁵Mg

Nombor jisim	35
nombor neutron	23
Jisim Atom Relatif	35.01679 ± 0.0002895 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	11.3 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1989
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	52%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁶Mg

Nombor jisim	36
nombor neutron	24
Jisim Atom Relatif	36.021879 ± 0.000741 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.9 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1989
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	48%
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁷Mg

Nombor jisim	37
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	37.030286265 ± 0.00075035 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	8 ± 4 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1996
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁸Mg

Nombor jisim	38
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	38.03658 ± 0.00054 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1997
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

³⁹Mg

Nombor jisim	39
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	39.045921 ± 0.000551 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
n (neutron emission)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁴⁰Mg

Nombor jisim	40
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	40.053194 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2007
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁴¹Mg

Nombor jisim	41
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	41.062373 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Sir Humphrey Davy
tempat penemuan	England
tarikh penemuan	1808
Etimologi	From Magnesia ancient city in district of Thessaly, Greece.
sebutan	mag-NEE-zih-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	23,300 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	1,290 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.027 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	12 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.07 %
Abundance in Universe	0.06 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3911
2	p	4.1742
2	s	4.608
3	s	8.6925

Magnesium on ChemicalAid

Magnesium (Mg)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Magnesium

19Mg

20Mg

21Mg

22Mg

23Mg

24Mg

25Mg

26Mg

27Mg

28Mg

29Mg

30Mg

31Mg

32Mg

33Mg

34Mg

35Mg

36Mg

37Mg

38Mg

39Mg

40Mg

41Mg

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

¹⁹Mg

²⁰Mg

²¹Mg

²²Mg

²³Mg

²⁴Mg

²⁵Mg

²⁶Mg

²⁷Mg

²⁸Mg

²⁹Mg

³⁰Mg

³¹Mg

³²Mg

³³Mg

³⁴Mg

³⁵Mg

³⁶Mg

³⁷Mg

³⁸Mg

³⁹Mg

⁴⁰Mg

⁴¹Mg