Atomic Number | 11 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 22.98976928 |
Mass Number | 23 |
Group | 1 |
---|---|
Period | 3 |
Block | s |
Protons | 11 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 12 n0 |
Electrons | 11 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 180 pm
|
Molar Volume | 23.7 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 155 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 157 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 99 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 113 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 227 pm
|
Density | 0.97 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.547926 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.1390767 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 97.9 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 2.64 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 107.5 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s1 |
Oxidation States | -1, 0, 1 |
Electronegativity | 0.93
|
Electrophilicity | 0.8805526605183994 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,156.09 K
|
Melting Point | 370.944 K
|
Critical Pressure | 35 MPa
|
Critical Temperature | 2,573.15 K
|
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Sodium is a Silver. Na has a CPK of #0000ff, Jmol of #ab5cf2, and MOLCAS GV of #ab5cf2. The Appearance of Element 11 is silvery white metallic. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | 142 W/(m K)
|
Thermal Expansion | 0.00007 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 28.23 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 1.228 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 21 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004699999999998 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000088 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.0000000002 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000086
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Sodium is BCC. The lattice constant of Na is 4.23 Å. The lattice angles of Element 11 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | 4.23 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Sodium has a Brinell of 0.69 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 0.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Na is 6.3 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 11 is 3.3 GPa. The Young Modulus of Sodium (Na) is 10 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Sodium is 3200 m/s. | |
Hardness | 0.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 6.3 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 3.3 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 10 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | 3,200 m/s
|
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Sodium is IA. The IUPAC Group of Na is IA. The Glawe Number of Element 11 is 11. The Mendeleev Number of Sodium (Na) is 2. The Pettifor Number of Sodium is 11. The Geochemical Class of Na is major. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 11 is litophile. | |
Category | Alkali metals, Alkali metals |
CAS Group | IA |
IUPAC Group | IA |
Glawe Number | 11 |
Mendeleev Number | 2 |
Pettifor Number | 11 |
Geochemical Class | major |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Sodium is 162.7 plus or minus 0.5 a₀. Na has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 1518 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1570 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 11 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Sodium (Na) is 0.53. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Sodium is 0.0007. The Quantum Numbers of Na is 2S1/2. The Space Group of Element 11 is 229 (Im_3m). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 1,518 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.53
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0007
|
Quantum Numbers | 2S1/2 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 1 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 22 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 19 |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 17 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2017 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 18 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.3 ± 0.4 zs
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2004 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 19 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
p (proton emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 20 |
G-Factor | 0.1847 ± 0.0001
|
Half Life | 447.9 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.101 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1950 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 25% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 21 |
G-Factor | 1.5907333333333 ± 0.000026666666666667
|
Half Life | 22.455 ± 0.0054 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.138 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 22 |
G-Factor | 0.582 ± 0.001
|
Half Life | 2.6019 ± 0.0006 y
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.18 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1935 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
e+ (positron emission) | 90.57% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 9.43% |
Abundance | 100
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 23 |
G-Factor | 1.4783333333333 ± 0.00002
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.104 ± 0.001
|
Discovery Year | 1921 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 24 |
G-Factor | 0.422575 ± 0.0002
|
Half Life | 14.956 ± 0.0015 h
|
Spin | 4 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1934 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 25 |
G-Factor | 1.4732 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 59.1 ± 0.6 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.0015 ± 0.0003
|
Discovery Year | 1943 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 26 |
G-Factor | 0.95033333333333 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
Half Life | 1,071.28 ± 0.25 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.0053 ± 0.0002
|
Discovery Year | 1958 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 27 |
G-Factor | 1.558 ± 0.002
|
Half Life | 301 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.0071 ± 0.0003
|
Discovery Year | 1968 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.098% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 28 |
G-Factor | 2.426 ± 0.003
|
Half Life | 33.1 ± 1.3 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.389 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.58% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 29 |
G-Factor | 1.6326666666667 ± 0.0053333333333333
|
Half Life | 43.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.085 ± 0.003
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 22% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 30 |
G-Factor | 1.0415 ± 0.005
|
Half Life | 45.9 ± 0.7 ms
|
Spin | 2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28.6% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 1.24% |
β−α (β−-delayed α emission) | 5.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 31 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 16.8 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 36% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 0.73% |
3n (3-neutron emission) | 0.05% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 32 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 12.9 ± 0.3 ms
|
Spin | 3 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 26% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 7.6% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 33 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 8.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 47% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 13% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 34 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 5.5 ± 1 ms
|
Spin | 1 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 50% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 15% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 35 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.5 ± 0.5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 36 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 37 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2002 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 38 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 39 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2019 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols. It is a contraction of the element's new Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt primarily made of hydrated sodium carbonate. In 1807, Sir Humphry Davy isolated sodium for the first time by electrolysis of dried sodium hydroxide, which had been very slightly moistened. From the English word, soda; Medieval Latin, sodanum: a headache remedy
Discoverers | Sir Humphrey Davy |
---|---|
Discovery Location | England |
Discovery Year | 1807 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Medieval Latin: sodanum, (headache remedy); symbol from Latin natrium, (sodium carbonate). |
Pronunciation | SO-di-em (English) |
1 | s | 0.3741 |
2 | p | 4.1982 |
2 | s | 4.4286 |
3 | s | 8.4926 |