Magnesium

Magnesium (Mg)

grundämne
Atomnummer12
Atommassa24.305
masstal24
Grupp2
Period3
Blocks
Protoner12 p+
Neutroner12 n0
Electrons12 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Mg (Magnesium)

Egenskaper

fysisk egenskap
atomradie
150 pm
molvolym
14 cm³/mol
kovalent radie
139 pm
Metallic Radius
136 pm
ionic radius
57 pm
Crystal Radius
71 pm
Van der Waalsradie
173 pm
densitet
1,74 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
819,6 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
7,646235 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Mg (Magnesium)
ångbildningsvärme
131,8 kJ/mol
smältvärme
9,2 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
147,1 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Mg (Magnesium)
valenselektron2
Elektronformel: Mg (Magnesium)
elektronkonfiguration[Ne] 3s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Mg (Magnesium)
Orbital Diagram of Mg (Magnesium)
oxidationstal0, 1, 2
elektronegativitet
1.31
Electrophilicity
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
1 363,15 K
Smältpunkt
923,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Silver
appearanceshiny grey solid
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
156 W/(m K)
termisk expansion
0,0000248 1/K
molar heat capacity
24,869 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
1,023 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
23 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000004399999999999 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typeparamagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
0,0000000069 m³/Kg
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
0,000000000168 m³/mol
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
0,000012
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturEnkelt hexagonalt (HEX)
Gitterkonstant
3,21 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, 2 π/3
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
2,5 MPa
Kompressibilitet
45 GPa
skjuvmodul
17 GPa
Young's modulus
45 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,29
ljudhastighet
4 602 m/s
klassificering
KategoriAlkaliska jordmetaller, Alkaline earth metals
CAS GroupIIA
IUPAC GroupIIA
Glawe Number73
Mendeleev Number76
Pettifor Number73
Geochemical Classmajor
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
797,3 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
71,2 ± 0,4 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
626 a₀
Allotropes
Träffyta
0,063
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0001
kvanttal1S0
rymdgrupp194 (P63/mmc)

Magnesiumisotoper

Stabila isotoper3
Instabila isotoper20
Radioactive Isotopes18

19Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
19,03417992 ± 0,000064413 Da
masstal19
g-factor
Halveringstid
5 ± 3 ps
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2007
Paritet-
19Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
2p (2-proton emission)100%

20Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
20,018763075 ± 0,000002 Da
masstal20
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
90,4 ± 0,5 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1974
Paritet+
20Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)30.3%

21Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
21,011705764 ± 0,00000081 Da
masstal21
g-factor
−0,3932 ± 0,0028
Halveringstid
120 ± 0,4 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1963
Paritet+
21Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)20.1%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)0.116%
B+pA0.016%

22Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
21,999570597 ± 0,00000017 Da
masstal22
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,8745 ± 0,0007 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1961
Paritet+
22Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

23Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
22,994123768 ± 0,000000034 Da
masstal23
g-factor
−0,35753333333333 ± 0,0002
Halveringstid
11,3039 ± 0,0032 s
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,114 ± 0,003
upptäcktsdatum1939
Paritet+
23Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

24Mg

natural abundance
78,965 ± 0,049
relative atomic mass
23,985041689 ± 0,000000013 Da
masstal24
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

25Mg

natural abundance
10,011 ± 0,013
relative atomic mass
24,985836966 ± 0,00000005 Da
masstal25
g-factor
−0,342132 ± 0,000012
Halveringstid
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,199 ± 0,002
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

26Mg

natural abundance
11,025 ± 0,038
relative atomic mass
25,982592972 ± 0,000000031 Da
masstal26
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1920
Paritet+

27Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
26,984340647 ± 0,00000005 Da
masstal27
g-factor
−0,8212 ± 0,003
Halveringstid
9,435 ± 0,027 m
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+
27Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

28Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
27,983875426 ± 0,00000028 Da
masstal28
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
20,915 ± 0,009 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1953
Paritet+
28Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

29Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
28,988607163 ± 0,000000369 Da
masstal29
g-factor
Halveringstid
1,3 ± 0,12 s
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
−0,16 ± 0,04
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
29Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%

30Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
29,990465454 ± 0,00000139 Da
masstal30
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
317 ± 4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1971
Paritet+
30Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)0.06%

31Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
30,996648232 ± 0,0000033 Da
masstal31
g-factor
Halveringstid
270 ± 2 ms
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+
31Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)6.2%

32Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
31,999110138 ± 0,0000035 Da
masstal32
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
80,4 ± 0,4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+
32Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)5.5%

33Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
33,005327862 ± 0,000002859 Da
masstal33
g-factor
Halveringstid
92 ± 1,2 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,13 ± 0,09
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet-
33Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)14%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

34Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
34,008935455 ± 0,0000074 Da
masstal34
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
44,9 ± 0,4 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1979
Paritet+
34Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)21%
2n (2-neutron emission)0.1%

35Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
35,01679 ± 0,0002895 Da
masstal35
g-factor
Halveringstid
11,3 ± 0,6 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet-
35Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)52%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

36Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
36,021879 ± 0,000741 Da
masstal36
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
3,9 ± 1,3 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1989
Paritet+
36Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)48%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

37Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
37,030286265 ± 0,00075035 Da
masstal37
g-factor
Halveringstid
8 ± 4 ms
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1996
Paritet-
37Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

38Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
38,03658 ± 0,00054 Da
masstal38
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1997
Paritet+
38Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)100%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

39Mg

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
39,045921 ± 0,000551 Da
masstal39
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet-
39Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
n (neutron emission)%
β− (β− decay)%

40Mg

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
40,053194 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal40
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2007
Paritet+
40Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

41Mg

natural abundance
relative atomic mass
41,062373 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal41
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum
Paritet-
41Mg Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β− (β− decay)%
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission)%
Magnesium crystals

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareSir Humphrey Davy
fyndplatsEngland
upptäcktsdatum1808
etymologiFrom Magnesia ancient city in district of Thessaly, Greece.
uttalmag-NEE-zih-em (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
23 300 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans
1 290 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,027 %
Abundance in Meteor
12 %
Abundance in Sun
0,07 %
Abundance in Universe
0,06 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.3911
2p4.1742
2s4.608
3s8.6925
Magnesium on ChemicalAid