Atomnummer | 12 |
---|---|
Atommassa | 24.305 |
masstal | 24 |
Grupp | 2 |
---|---|
Period | 3 |
Block | s |
Protoner | 12 p+ |
---|---|
Neutroner | 12 n0 |
Electrons | 12 e- |
fysisk egenskap | |
---|---|
atomradie | 150 pm
|
molvolym | 14 cm³/mol
|
kovalent radie | 139 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 136 pm
|
ionic radius | 57 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 71 pm
|
Van der Waalsradie | 173 pm
|
densitet | 1,74 g/cm³
|
energi | |
proton affinity | 819,6 kJ/mol
|
Elektronaffinitet | |
joniseringsenergi | 7,646235 eV/particle
|
ångbildningsvärme | 131,8 kJ/mol
|
smältvärme | 9,2 kJ/mol
|
Bildningsentalpi | 147,1 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
electron shell | 2, 8, 2 |
valenselektron | 2 |
elektronkonfiguration | [Ne] 3s2 |
oxidationstal | 0, 1, 2 |
elektronegativitet | 1.31
|
Electrophilicity | |
Phases | |
aggregationstillstånd | Fast |
Gas Phase | |
Kokpunkt | 1 363,15 K
|
Smältpunkt | 923,15 K
|
critical pressure | |
critical temperature | |
trippelpunkt | |
Visual | |
färg | Silver
|
appearance | shiny grey solid |
Brytningsindex | |
materialegenskap | |
Värmeledningsförmåga | 156 W/(m K)
|
termisk expansion | 0,0000248 1/K
|
molar heat capacity | 24,869 J/(mol K)
|
Specifik värmekapacitet | 1,023 J/(g⋅K)
|
heat capacity ratio | |
electrical properties | |
type | Conductor |
elektrisk konduktivitet | 23 MS/m
|
resistivitet | 0,00000004399999999999 m Ω
|
supraledare | |
magnetism | |
type | paramagnetic |
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass) | 0,0000000069 m³/Kg
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar) | 0,000000000168 m³/mol
|
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume) | 0,000012
|
magnetic ordering | |
Curiepunkten | |
Néel temperature | |
Structure | |
Kristallstruktur | Enkelt hexagonalt (HEX) |
Gitterkonstant | 3,21 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
mekanisk materialegenskap | |
hårdhet | 2,5 MPa
|
Kompressibilitet | 45 GPa
|
skjuvmodul | 17 GPa
|
Young's modulus | 45 GPa
|
Poissons konstant | 0,29
|
ljudhastighet | 4 602 m/s
|
klassificering | |
Kategori | Alkaliska jordmetaller, Alkaline earth metals |
CAS Group | IIA |
IUPAC Group | IIA |
Glawe Number | 73 |
Mendeleev Number | 76 |
Pettifor Number | 73 |
Geochemical Class | major |
Goldschmidt classification | litophile |
övrigt | |
Gas Basicity | 797,3 kJ/mol
|
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 626 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Träffyta | 0,063
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0,0001
|
kvanttal | 1S0 |
rymdgrupp | 194 (P63/mmc) |
Stabila isotoper | 3 |
---|---|
Instabila isotoper | 20 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 18 |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 19 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 5 ± 3 ps
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 2007 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
2p (2-proton emission) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 20 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 90,4 ± 0,5 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1974 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 30.3% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 21 |
g-factor | −0,3932 ± 0,0028
|
Halveringstid | 120 ± 0,4 ms
|
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1963 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 20.1% |
β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 0.116% |
B+pA | 0.016% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 22 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 3,8745 ± 0,0007 s
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1961 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 23 |
g-factor | −0,35753333333333 ± 0,0002
|
Halveringstid | 11,3039 ± 0,0032 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,114 ± 0,003
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1939 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
natural abundance | 78,965 ± 0,049
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 24 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1920 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | 10,011 ± 0,013
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 25 |
g-factor | −0,342132 ± 0,000012
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 5/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,199 ± 0,002
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1920 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | 11,025 ± 0,038
|
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 26 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1920 |
Paritet | + |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 27 |
g-factor | −0,8212 ± 0,003
|
Halveringstid | 9,435 ± 0,027 m
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1934 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 28 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 20,915 ± 0,009 h
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1953 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 29 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 1,3 ± 0,12 s
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | −0,16 ± 0,04
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1971 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 30 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 317 ± 4 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1971 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.06% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 31 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 270 ± 2 ms
|
Spinn | 1/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1977 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 6.2% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 32 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 80,4 ± 0,4 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1977 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 5.5% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 33 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 92 ± 1,2 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0,13 ± 0,09
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1979 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 14% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 34 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 44,9 ± 0,4 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1979 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 21% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | 0.1% |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 35 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 11,3 ± 0,6 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1989 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 52% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 36 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | 3,9 ± 1,3 ms
|
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1989 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 48% |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 37 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | 8 ± 4 ms
|
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | 1996 |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 38 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 1997 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 39 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 7/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
n (neutron emission) | % |
β− (β− decay) | % |
natural abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 40 |
g-factor | 0
|
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 0 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | 0
|
upptäcktsdatum | 2007 |
Paritet | + |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
natural abundance | |
---|---|
relative atomic mass | |
masstal | 41 |
g-factor | |
Halveringstid | |
Spinn | 3/2 |
nuclear quadrupole moment | |
upptäcktsdatum | |
Paritet | - |
decay mode | Intensitet |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
upptäckare eller uppfinnare | Sir Humphrey Davy |
---|---|
fyndplats | England |
upptäcktsdatum | 1808 |
etymologi | From Magnesia ancient city in district of Thessaly, Greece. |
uttal | mag-NEE-zih-em (engelska) |
1 | s | 0.3911 |
2 | p | 4.1742 |
2 | s | 4.608 |
3 | s | 8.6925 |