Atomic Number | 42 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 95.95 |
Mass Number | 98 |
Group | 6 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | d |
Protons | 42 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 56 n0 |
Electrons | 42 e- |
Atomic Radius | 145 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 9.4 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 138 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 130 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 69 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 83 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 217 pm
|
Density | 10.2 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.748 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 7.09243 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 590 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 28 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 658.98 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 |
Valence Electrons | 1 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d5 5s1 |
Oxidation States | -4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Electronegativity | 2.16
|
Electrophilicity | 1.2111478608972754 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 4,912.15 K
|
Melting Point | 2,895.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Gray
|
Appearance | gray metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000048 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 24.06 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.251 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 20 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004999999999997 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | 0.915 K
|
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000117 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000001122 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0001203
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
Lattice Constant | 3.15 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | 5.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | 230 GPa
|
Shear Modulus | 120 GPa
|
Young Modulus | 329 GPa
|
Poisson Ratio | 0.31
|
Speed of Sound | 6,190 m/s
|
Classification | |
Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
CAS Group | VIA |
IUPAC Group | VIB |
Glawe Number | 56 |
Mendeleev Number | 52 |
Pettifor Number | 55 |
Geochemical Class | |
Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.6
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0009
|
Quantum Numbers | 7S3 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 7 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 32 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 33 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 81 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 82 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2013 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 83 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 23 ± 19 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1999 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 84 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.3 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 85 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.2 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.14% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 86 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 19.1 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 87 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.1 ± 0.3 s
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1977 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 15% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 88 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 8 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 89 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 2.11 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1980 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 90 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.56 ± 0.09 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 91 |
G-Factor | -0.20688888888889 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
Half Life | 15.49 ± 0.01 m
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 14.649 ± 0.106
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 92 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 93 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 4 ± 0.8 ky
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1946 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 9.187 ± 0.033
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 94 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 15.873 ± 0.03
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 95 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.022 ± 0.001
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 16.673 ± 0.008
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 96 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 9.582 ± 0.015
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 97 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.255 ± 0.013
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 24.292 ± 0.08
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 98 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | 0.75 ± 0.006
|
Half Life | 65.932 ± 0.005 h
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ 9.744 ± 0.065
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 7.07 ± 0.14 Ey
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1930 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β− (double β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 14.61 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1941 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 11.3 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1954 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | -0.18 ± 0.013333333333333
|
Half Life | 67.5 ± 1.5 s
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1963 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 60 ± 2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1962 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | -0.22 ± 0.008
|
Half Life | 36.3 ± 0.8 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1962 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 8.73 ± 0.12 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1969 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 3.5 ± 0.5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 108 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.105 ± 0.01 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 109 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 700 ± 14 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.3% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 110 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 292 ± 7 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1992 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 111 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 193.6 ± 4.4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 12% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 112 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 125 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 113 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 80 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1994 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 114 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 58 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 115 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 45.5 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 116 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 32 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 117 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 22 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 118 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2015 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 119 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2018 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Molybdenite was often confused for graphite and it was thought to contain lead. In 1778 Swedish scientist Carl Wilhelm Scheele proved that molybdenite was not graphite nor did it contain lead. In 1781, Scheele's friend and countryman, Peter J. Hjelm isolated the metal by using carbon and linseed oil. From the Greek word molybdo, lead
Discoverers | Carl Wilhelm Scheele |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Sweden |
Discovery Year | 1778 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: molybdos (lead). |
Pronunciation | meh-LIB-deh-nem (English) |
1 | s | 0.8744 |
2 | p | 4.0282 |
2 | s | 11.1232 |
3 | d | 14.7717 |
3 | p | 16.5264 |
3 | s | 16.0185 |
4 | d | 30.6076 |
4 | p | 27.0232 |
4 | s | 25.9036 |
5 | s | 35.894 |