Niobium (Nb)

Niobium is the 41st element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Nb and atomic number of 41. It has an atomic weight of 92.90637 and a mass number of 93. Niobium has forty-one protons and fifty-two neutrons in its nucleus, and forty-one electrons in five shells. It is located in group five, period five and block d of the periodic table. Soft, ductile grey-blue metallic transition element. Used in special steels and in welded joints to increase strength. Combines with halogens and oxidizes in air at 200 degrees celsius. Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 and isolated by Blomstrand in 1864. Called Columbium originally.

Atomic Number	41
Atomic Weight	92.90637
Mass Number	93

Group	5
Period	5
Block	d

Protons	41 p⁺
Neutrons	52 n⁰
Electrons	41 e^-

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius	145 pm 251 pm
Molar Volume	10.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	147 pm 125 pm 116 pm 164 pm
Metallic Radius	134 pm 146 pm
Ionic Radius	72 pm 68 pm 79 pm 48 pm 64 pm 69 pm 74 pm
Crystal Radius	86 pm 82 pm 93 pm 62 pm 78 pm 83 pm 88 pm
Van der Waals Radius	215 pm 218 pm 243 pm 316.5 pm
Density	8.57 g/cm³

Chemical Properties

Energy

Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.917406 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	6.75885 eV/particle 14.32 eV/particle 25 eV/particle 37.611 eV/particle 50.5728 eV/particle 102.069 eV/particle 119.14 eV/particle 136 eV/particle 159.2 eV/particle 180 eV/particle 200.28 eV/particle 246.1 eV/particle 268.59 eV/particle 482.5 eV/particle 530 eV/particle 581 eV/particle 636 eV/particle 688 eV/particle 758 eV/particle 816 eV/particle 877 eV/particle 940 eV/particle 1,000 eV/particle 1,176 eV/particle 1,230.6 eV/particle 1,293.7 eV/particle 1,368 eV/particle 1,439 eV/particle 1,500 eV/particle 1,625.9 eV/particle 1,684.969 eV/particle 4,020.1 eV/particle 4,187 eV/particle 4,369 eV/particle 4,540 eV/particle 4,815 eV/particle 5,011 eV/particle 5,265 eV/particle 5,426.065 eV/particle 22,648.045 eV/particle 23,388.8 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	680 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	26.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	733 kJ/mol
Electrons

Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 12, 1

Valence Electrons	1 ⓘ

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹

Oxidation States	-3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Electronegativity	8.34 eV/particle 0.1280782 1.6
Electrophilicity Index	1.2609233730892566 eV/particle
States of Matter

Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	5,014.15 K
Melting Point	2,750.15 K
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual
Niobium is a Gray. Nb has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #73c2c9, and MOLCAS GV of #73c2c9. The Appearance of Element 41 is gray metallic, bluish when oxidized.
Color	Gray #ff1493 #73c2c9 #73c2c9
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	53.7 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion	0.0000073 1/K
Molar Heat Capacity	24.6 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.265 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	6.7 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000015 Ω*m
Superconducting Point	9.25 K
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000276 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.00000000256 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.000237
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
The Crystal Structure of Niobium is BCC. The lattice constant of Nb is 3.3 Å. The lattice angles of Element 41 are π/2, π/2, π/2.
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	3.3 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Niobium has a Brinell of 736 MPa, Mohs hardness of 6 MPa, and Vickers of 1320 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Nb is 170 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 41 is 38 GPa. The Young Modulus of Niobium (Nb) is 105 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Niobium is 0.4. The Speed of Sound of Nb is 3480 m/s.
Hardness	736 MPa 6 MPa 1,320 MPa
Bulk Modulus	170 GPa
Shear Modulus	38 GPa
Young's Modulus	105 GPa
Poisson Ratio	0.4
Speed of Sound	3,480 m/s
Classification
The CAS Group of Niobium is VA. The IUPAC Group of Nb is VB. The Glawe Number of Element 41 is 53. The Mendeleev Number of Niobium (Nb) is 48. The Pettifor Number of Niobium is 52. The Geochemical Class of Nb is high field strength. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 41 is litophile.
Category	Transition metals, Transition metals
CAS Group	VA
IUPAC Group	VB
Glawe Number	53
Mendeleev Number	48
Pettifor Number	52
Geochemical Class	high field strength
Goldschmidt Class	litophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Niobium is 98 plus or minus 8 a₀. Nb has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1140 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 41 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Niobium (Nb) is 1.15. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Niobium is 0.0004. The Quantum Numbers of Nb is 6D1/2. The Space Group of Element 41 is 229 (Im_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	98 ± 8 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	1,140 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	1.15
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0004
Quantum Numbers	6D1/2
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Niobium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	37
Natural Isotopes	1

⁷⁹Nb

Mass Number	79
Neutron Number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	78.966022 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸⁰Nb

Mass Number	80
Neutron Number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	79.958754 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸¹Nb

Mass Number	81
Neutron Number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	80.95023 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸²Nb

Mass Number	82
Neutron Number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	81.94438 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor	0
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	51 ± 5 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁸³Nb

Mass Number	83
Neutron Number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	82.93815 ± 0.000174 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.9 ± 0.2 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁴Nb

Mass Number	84
Neutron Number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	83.934305711 ± 0.00000043 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	9.8 ± 0.9 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁵Nb

Mass Number	85
Neutron Number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	84.928845836 ± 0.0000044 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	20.5 ± 0.7 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1988
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁶Nb

Mass Number	86
Neutron Number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	85.925781536 ± 0.000005903 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	88 ± 1 s
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1974
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁷Nb

Mass Number	87
Neutron Number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	86.920692473 ± 0.000007302 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	3.7 ± 0.1 m
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁸Nb

Mass Number	88
Neutron Number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	87.918226476 ± 0.000062059 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14.5 ± 0.11 m
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1964
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁹Nb

Mass Number	89
Neutron Number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	88.913444696 ± 0.000025367 Da
G-Factor	1.3813333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.03 ± 0.07 h
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹⁰Nb

Mass Number	90
Neutron Number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	89.911259201 ± 0.000003561 Da
G-Factor	0.61825 ± 0.0005
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	14.6 ± 0.05 h
Spin	8
Quadrupole Moment	0.01 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹¹Nb

Mass Number	91
Neutron Number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	90.906990256 ± 0.00000314 Da
G-Factor	1.4473333333333 ± 0.00066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	680 ± 130 y
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.25 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%
e⁺ (positron emission)	0.0138%

⁹²Nb

Mass Number	92
Neutron Number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	91.90718858 ± 0.000001915 Da
G-Factor	0.73285714285714 ± 0.00057142857142857
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	34.7 ± 2.4 My
Spin	7
Quadrupole Moment	-0.35 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁹³Nb

Mass Number	93
Neutron Number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	92.90637317 ± 0.000001599 Da
G-Factor
Abundance	100
Radioactivity	Stable
Half Life	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.32 ± 0.02
Discovery Year	1932
Parity	+

⁹⁴Nb

Mass Number	94
Neutron Number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	93.907279001 ± 0.0000016 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	20.4 ± 0.4 ky
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1938
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁵Nb

Mass Number	95
Neutron Number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	94.90683111 ± 0.000000545 Da
G-Factor	1.3646666666667 ± 0.0011111111111111
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	34.991 ± 0.006 d
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁶Nb

Mass Number	96
Neutron Number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	95.908101586 ± 0.000000157 Da
G-Factor	0.82916666666667 ± 0.00066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23.35 ± 0.05 h
Spin	6
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁷Nb

Mass Number	97
Neutron Number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	96.908101622 ± 0.000004556 Da
G-Factor	1.3673333333333 ± 0.0011111111111111
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	72.1 ± 0.7 m
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁸Nb

Mass Number	98
Neutron Number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	97.910332645 ± 0.000005369 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.86 ± 0.06 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁹Nb

Mass Number	99
Neutron Number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	98.911609377 ± 0.000012886 Da
G-Factor	1.3244444444444 ± 0.0066666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	15 ± 0.2 s
Spin	9/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.41 ± 0.14
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰⁰Nb

Mass Number	100
Neutron Number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	99.914340578 ± 0.000008562 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.5 ± 0.2 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰¹Nb

Mass Number	101
Neutron Number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	100.915306508 ± 0.000004024 Da
G-Factor	1.2744 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	7.1 ± 0.3 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.05 ± 0.07
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰²Nb

Mass Number	102
Neutron Number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	101.918090447 ± 0.000002695 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	4.3 ± 0.4 s
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

¹⁰³Nb

Mass Number	103
Neutron Number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	102.919453416 ± 0.000004224 Da
G-Factor	1.2532 ± 0.0016
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	1.34 ± 0.07 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	1.08 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

¹⁰⁴Nb

Mass Number	104
Neutron Number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	103.922907728 ± 0.000001915 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	0.98 ± 0.05 s
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.05%

¹⁰⁵Nb

Mass Number	105
Neutron Number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	104.924942577 ± 0.000004324 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	2.91 ± 0.05 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1984
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.7%

¹⁰⁶Nb

Mass Number	106
Neutron Number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	105.928928505 ± 0.00000152 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	900 ± 20 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1976
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	4.5%

¹⁰⁷Nb

Mass Number	107
Neutron Number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	106.931589685 ± 0.000008612 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	286 ± 8 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	7.4%

¹⁰⁸Nb

Mass Number	108
Neutron Number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	107.936075604 ± 0.000008844 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	201 ± 4 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	6.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁹Nb

Mass Number	109
Neutron Number	68
Relative Atomic Mass	108.939141 ± 0.0004625 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	106.9 ± 4.9 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	31%

¹¹⁰Nb

Mass Number	110
Neutron Number	69
Relative Atomic Mass	109.943843 ± 0.0009 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	75 ± 1 ms
Spin	5
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1994
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	40%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹¹Nb

Mass Number	111
Neutron Number	70
Relative Atomic Mass	110.947439 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	54 ± 2 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹²Nb

Mass Number	112
Neutron Number	71
Relative Atomic Mass	111.952689 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	38 ± 2 ms
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	+

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹³Nb

Mass Number	113
Neutron Number	72
Relative Atomic Mass	112.956833 ± 0.000429 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	32 ± 4 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1997
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁴Nb

Mass Number	114
Neutron Number	73
Relative Atomic Mass	113.962469 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	17 ± 5 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁵Nb

Mass Number	115
Neutron Number	74
Relative Atomic Mass	114.966849 ± 0.000537 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life	23 ± 8 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹¹⁶Nb

Mass Number	116
Neutron Number	75
Relative Atomic Mass	115.972914 ± 0.000322 Da
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity	☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity	-

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

History

Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium. In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium. The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere. Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu

Discoverers	Charles Hatchet
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1801
Etymology (Name Origin)	From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.
Pronunciation	ni-OH-bee-em (English)

Some niobium compounds are highly toxic

Brazil is the leading producer of niobium

Uses

Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel. Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction. The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment. Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers. Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminum or zirconium.

Sources

Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	20 mg/kg
Natural Abundance (Oceans)	0.00001 mg/L
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
Natural Abundance (Meteor)	0.000019 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)	0.0000004 %
Abundance in Universe	0.0000002 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.8577
2	p	4.0178
2	s	10.8748
3	d	14.753
3	p	16.3844
3	s	15.8285
4	d	29.7624
4	p	26.9156
4	s	25.7172
5	s	35.079

Also Known As

Nb
element 41
41Nb
columbium
Cb

Translations

Norwegian Bokmålniob
Frenchniobium
Italianniobio
GermanNiob
Dutchniobium
Norwegian Nynorskniob
Danishniobium
Swedishniob
Hungariannióbium
Afrikaansniobium
Amharicኒዮቢየም
AragoneseNiobio
Arabicنيوبيوم
AzerbaijaniNiobium
BelarusianНіобій
Bulgarianниобий
Banglaনাইওবিয়াম
BretonNiobiom
Bosnianniobij
Catalanniobi
CorsicanNiobiu
Czechniob
ChuvashНиоби
WelshNiobiwm
Greekνιόβιο
Esperantoniobo
Spanishniobio
Estoniannioobium
Basqueniobio
Persianنیوبیم
Finnishniobium
FriulianNiobi
IrishNiaibiam
Galicianniobio
ManxNeeobium
Hakka Chineseniobium
Hebrewניאוביום
Hindiनायोबियम
Fiji HindiNiobium
Croatianniobij
Haitian CreoleNyobyòm
Armenianնիոբիում
Interlinguaniobium
Indonesianniobium
Idoniobio
Icelandicníóbín
Japaneseニオブ
Lojbanjinmrni,obi
JavaneseNiobium
Georgianნიობიუმი
Korean나이오븀
KurdishNiyobyûm
KomiНиобий
Latinniobium
LuxembourgishNiob
LigurianNiobio
Lithuanianniobis
Latvianniobijs
Malayalamനിയോബിയം
Marathiनायोबियम
Western MariНиобий
MalayNiobium
nahNextictepoztli
Nepaliनायोबियम
OccitanNiòbi
Punjabiਨਿਓਬੀਅਮ
Polishniob
Western Panjabiنیوبیم
Portuguesenióbio
QuechuaNiyobyu
Romanianniobiu
Russianниобий
Sicilianniobbiu
Serbo-CroatianNiobijum
Slovakniób
Slovenianniobij
Serbianниобијум
Saterland FrisianNiobium
SwahiliNiobi
Tamilநையோபியம்
Thaiไนโอเบียม
Turkishniobyum
Uyghurنىئوبىي
Ukrainianніобій
UzbekNiobiy
VepsNiobii
Vietnameseniobi
WarayNiobyo
Wu Chinese铌
KalmykНиобиум
YorubaNiobium
Chinese铌
CebuanoNiyobyo
MacedonianНиобиум
Central Kurdishنیۆبیۆم
KazakhНиобий
Gujaratiનાયોબિયમ
Odiaନିଓବିଅମ
PiedmonteseNiòbio
TatarНиобий
Kannadaನಿಯೋಬಿಯಮ್
Scotsniobium
Teluguనియోబియం
SomaliNiyobiyaam
Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Ніоб
Cantonese鈮
AlbanianNiobiumi
AromanianNiobiu
Newariनायोबियम
KyrgyzНиобий
LimburgishNiobium
Sanskritनायोबियम
Maltesenijobju
LombardNiobio
Scottish GaelicNiobium
Paliनायोबियम
TajikНиобий
Mongolianниоби
cdoNiobium
Min Nan ChineseNiobium
Bhojpuriनियोबियम
Tibetanནེའོ་བྷིམ་།
SundaneseNiobium
AsturianNiobiu
Yiddishניאביום
Portuguese (Brazil)nióbio
Literary Chinese鈮
TagalogNiobyo
oloNiobii
kbpNɩyɔbɩyɔm
Burmeseနိုင်အိုဘီယမ်
Lingua Franca Novaniobio
Northern FrisianNiobium
Chinese (Traditional)鈮
Chinese (Taiwan)鈮
Chinese (Simplified)铌
SardinianNiòbiu
KotavaNiobel
Moroccan Arabicنيوبيوم
Egyptian Arabicنيوبيوم
Pashtoنايوبيوم
CornishNiobiom
BalineseNiobium
BikolNiobyo
Urduنیوبیئم
Korean (North Korea)니오비움
MalagasyNiôbioma
ZuluINobo

Niobium on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380228
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3549
Biblioteca Nacional de España ID	XX543817
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12257830n
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	niob
CAB ID	224595
CAS Registry Number	7440-03-1
CPV Supplementary	AA40
ChEBI ID	33344
ChemSpider ID	22378
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14791000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID5031052
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4052479
Den Store Danske ID	niobium
DrugBank ID	13031
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.284
Elhuyar ZTH ID	028674
Encyclopedia of China ID (Second Edition)	222935
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/niobium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	niobium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	tantale-et-niobium
Freebase ID	/m/025s4rg
GND ID	4042362-1
Golden ID	Niobium-KKGJ
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0126369
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2664211
Human Metabolome Database ID	HMDB0061921
InChI	InChI=1S/Nb
InChIKey	GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Niobium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85091993
MeSH descriptor ID	D009556
Mindat mineral ID	7981
NALT ID	54839
NDL Authority ID	00568530
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007531486605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	339099
OpenAlex ID	C507968137
PSH ID	5766
Probes And Drugs ID	PD058292
PubChem CID	23936
Quora topic ID	Niobium
RxNorm ID	1426867
Store norske leksikon ID	niob
Treccani ID	niobio
UNII	05175J654G
USGS Thesaurus ID	1521
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14671120-n
YSO ID	26934
ZVG number	7410

Niobium (Nb)

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Other

Isotopes of Niobium

79Nb

80Nb

81Nb

82Nb

83Nb

84Nb

85Nb

86Nb

87Nb

88Nb

89Nb

90Nb

91Nb

92Nb

93Nb

94Nb

95Nb

96Nb

97Nb

98Nb

99Nb

100Nb

101Nb

102Nb

103Nb

104Nb

105Nb

106Nb

107Nb

108Nb

109Nb

110Nb

111Nb

112Nb

113Nb

114Nb

115Nb

116Nb