Sodium (Na)
Sodium is the 11th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Na and atomic number of 11. It has an atomic weight of 22.98977 and a mass number of 23. Sodium has eleven protons and twelve neutrons in its nucleus, and eleven electrons in three shells. It is located in group one, period three and block s of the periodic table. Soft silvery reactive element belonging to group 1 of the periodic table (alkali metals). It is highly reactive, oxidizing in air and reacting violently with water, forcing it to be kept under oil. It was first isolated by Humphrey Davy in 1807.
| Atomic Number | 11 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 22.98976928 |
| Mass Number | 23 |
| Group | 1 |
|---|---|
| Period | 3 |
| Block | s |
| Protons | 11 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 12 n0 |
| Electrons | 11 e- |
Properties
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Atomic Radius | 180 pm
|
| Molar Volume | 23.7 cm³/mol
|
| Covalent Radius | 155 pm
|
| Metallic Radius | 157 pm
|
| Ionic Radius | 99 pm
|
| Crystal Radius | 113 pm
|
| Van der Waals Radius |
227 pm
|
| Density | 0.97 g/cm³
|
| Energy | |
| Proton Affinity | |
| Electron Affinity | 0.547926 eV/particle
|
| Ionization Energy | 5.1390767 eV/particle
|
| Heat of Vaporization | 97.9 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Fusion | 2.64 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Formation | 107.5 kJ/mol
|
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 1 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 1 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s1ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | -1, 0, 1 |
| Electronegativity |
0.93
|
| Electrophilicity Index | 0.8805526605183994 eV/particle
|
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | 1,156.09 K
|
| Melting Point | 370.944 K
|
| Critical Pressure | 35 MPa
|
| Critical Temperature | 2,573.15 K
|
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Sodium is a Silver. Na has a CPK of #0000ff, Jmol of #ab5cf2, and MOLCAS GV of #ab5cf2. The Appearance of Element 11 is silvery white metallic. | |
| Color | Silver
|
| Appearance | silvery white metallic |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 142 W/(m K)
|
| Thermal Expansion | 0.00007 1/K
|
| Molar Heat Capacity | 28.23 J/(mol K)
|
| Specific Heat Capacity | 1.228 J/(g⋅K)
|
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | Conductor |
| Electrical Conductivity | 21 MS/m
|
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000004699999999998 m Ω
|
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | paramagnetic |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.0000000088 m³/Kg
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.0000000002 m³/mol
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.0000086
|
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Sodium is BCC. The lattice constant of Na is 4.23 Å. The lattice angles of Element 11 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
| Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic (BCC) |
| Lattice Constant | 4.23 Å
|
| Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Mechanical Properties | |
Sodium has a Brinell of 0.69 MPa, and Mohs hardness of 0.5 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Na is 6.3 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 11 is 3.3 GPa. The Young Modulus of Sodium (Na) is 10 GPa. The Speed of Sound of Sodium is 3200 m/s. | |
| Hardness |
0.5 MPa
|
| Bulk Modulus | 6.3 GPa
|
| Shear Modulus | 3.3 GPa
|
| Young's Modulus | 10 GPa
|
| Poisson Ratio | |
| Speed of Sound | 3,200 m/s
|
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Sodium is IA. The IUPAC Group of Na is IA. The Glawe Number of Element 11 is 11. The Mendeleev Number of Sodium (Na) is 2. The Pettifor Number of Sodium is 11. The Geochemical Class of Na is major. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 11 is litophile. | |
| Category | Alkali metals, Alkali metals |
| CAS Group | IA |
| IUPAC Group | IA |
| Glawe Number | 11 |
| Mendeleev Number | 2 |
| Pettifor Number | 11 |
| Geochemical Class | major |
| Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
| Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Sodium is 162.7 plus or minus 0.5 a₀. Na has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 1518 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 1570 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 11 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Sodium (Na) is 0.53. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Sodium is 0.0007. The Quantum Numbers of Na is 2S1/2. The Space Group of Element 11 is 229 (Im_3m). | |
| Gas Basicity | |
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 1,518 a₀
|
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.53
|
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0007
|
| Quantum Numbers | 2S1/2 |
| Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Isotopes of Sodium
| Stable Isotopes | 1 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 22 |
| Radioactive Isotopes | 22 |
17Na
| Mass Number | 17 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 6 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2017 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) | 100% |
18Na
| Mass Number | 18 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 7 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.3 ± 0.4 zs
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2004 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) |
19Na
| Mass Number | 19 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 8 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| p (proton emission) | 100% |
20Na
| Mass Number | 20 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 9 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.1847 ± 0.0001
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 447.9 ± 2.3 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.101 ± 0.008
|
| Discovery Year | 1950 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 25% |
21Na
| Mass Number | 21 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 10 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.5907333333333 ± 0.000026666666666667
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 22.455 ± 0.0054 s
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.138 ± 0.011
|
| Discovery Year | 1940 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
22Na
| Mass Number | 22 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 11 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.582 ± 0.001
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.6019 ± 0.0006 y
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.18 ± 0.011
|
| Discovery Year | 1935 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| e+ (positron emission) | 90.57% |
| ϵ (electron capture) | 9.43% |
23Na
| Mass Number | 23 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 12 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.4783333333333 ± 0.00002
|
| Abundance | 100
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.104 ± 0.001
|
| Discovery Year | 1921 |
| Parity | + |
24Na
| Mass Number | 24 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 13 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.422575 ± 0.0002
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 14.956 ± 0.0015 h
|
| Spin | 4 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1934 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
25Na
| Mass Number | 25 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 14 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.4732 ± 0.0016
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 59.1 ± 0.6 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.0015 ± 0.0003
|
| Discovery Year | 1943 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
26Na
| Mass Number | 26 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 15 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.95033333333333 ± 0.00066666666666667
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1,071.28 ± 0.25 ms
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | -0.0053 ± 0.0002
|
| Discovery Year | 1958 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
27Na
| Mass Number | 27 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 16 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.558 ± 0.002
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 301 ± 6 ms
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | -0.0071 ± 0.0003
|
| Discovery Year | 1968 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.098% |
28Na
| Mass Number | 28 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 17 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 2.426 ± 0.003
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 33.1 ± 1.3 ms
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.389 ± 0.011
|
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.58% |
29Na
| Mass Number | 29 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 18 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.6326666666667 ± 0.0053333333333333
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 43.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.085 ± 0.003
|
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 22% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
30Na
| Mass Number | 30 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 19 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.0415 ± 0.005
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 45.9 ± 0.7 ms
|
| Spin | 2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28.6% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 1.24% |
| β−α (β−-delayed α emission) | 5.5% |
31Na
| Mass Number | 31 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 20 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 16.8 ± 0.3 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1969 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 36% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 0.73% |
| 3n (3-neutron emission) | 0.05% |
32Na
| Mass Number | 32 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 21 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 12.9 ± 0.3 ms
|
| Spin | 3 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 26% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 7.6% |
33Na
| Mass Number | 33 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 22 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 8.2 ± 0.4 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 47% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 13% |
34Na
| Mass Number | 34 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 23 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 5.5 ± 1 ms
|
| Spin | 1 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1983 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 50% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 15% |
35Na
| Mass Number | 35 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 24 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.5 ± 0.5 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1983 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
36Na
| Mass Number | 36 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 25 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| n (neutron emission) |
37Na
| Mass Number | 37 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 26 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2002 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
38Na
| Mass Number | 38 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 27 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| n (neutron emission) |
39Na
| Mass Number | 39 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 28 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2019 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
History
The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols. It is a contraction of the element's new Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt primarily made of hydrated sodium carbonate. In 1807, Sir Humphry Davy isolated sodium for the first time by electrolysis of dried sodium hydroxide, which had been very slightly moistened. From the English word, soda; Medieval Latin, sodanum: a headache remedy
| Discoverers | Sir Humphrey Davy |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | England |
| Discovery Year | 1807 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Medieval Latin: sodanum, (headache remedy); symbol from Latin natrium, (sodium carbonate). |
| Pronunciation | SO-di-em (English) |
Sodium metal should be handled with great care as it cannot be maintained in an inert atmosphere
Sodium burns in air with a brilliant yellow flame
Uses
Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. Sodium vapor lamps are often used for street lighting in cities. Liquid sodium is used as a heat transfer fluid in some fast reactors. Sodium is also used as an alloying metal, an anti-scaling agent, and as a reducing agent for metals when other materials are ineffective. There are few uses for the pure metal, however its compounds are used in medicine, agriculture and photography. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is table salt. Liquid sodium is sometimes used to cool nuclear reactors.
Sources
Nuclear Screening Constants
| 1 | s | 0.3741 |
| 2 | p | 4.1982 |
| 2 | s | 4.4286 |
| 3 | s | 8.4926 |
Also Known As
- Na
- element 11
- 11Na
Translations
- Italiansodio
- Norwegian Bokmålnatrium
- Frenchsodium
- GermanNatrium
- Dutchnatrium
- Chinese (Traditional)鈉
- Spanishsodio
- Finnishnatrium
- Afrikaansnatrium
- Amharicሶዲየም
- Aragonesesodio
- Arabicصوديوم
- Asturiansodiu
- Azerbaijaninatrium
- Belarusianнатрый
- Bulgarianнатрий
- Banglaসোডিয়াম
- Bretonsodiom
- Bosniannatrij
- Catalansodi
- Central Kurdishسۆدیوم
- Corsicansodiu
- Czechsodík
- Chuvashнатри
- Welshsodiwm
- Danishnatrium
- Divehiސޯޑިއަމް
- Greekνάτριο
- Esperantonatrio
- Estoniannaatrium
- Basquesodio
- Persianسدیم
- Northern FrisianNatrium
- Friuliansodi
- Western Frisiannatrium
- Irishsóidiam
- Scottish Gaelicsòidium
- Galiciansodio
- Gujaratiસોડિયમ
- Manxsodjum
- Hakka Chinesena̍p
- Hawaiiansodiuma
- Hebrewנתרן
- Hindiसोडियम
- Fiji Hindisodium
- Croatiannatrij
- Haitian Creolesodyòm
- Hungariannátrium
- Armenianնատրիում
- Interlinguasodium
- Indonesiannatrium
- Idonatro
- Icelandicnatrín
- Japaneseナトリウム
- Lojbansodna
- Javanesenatrium
- Georgianნატრიუმი
- Kannadaಸೋಡಿಯಮ್
- Korean나트륨
- Kurdishnatriyûm
- Komiнатрий
- Latinnatrium
- LuxembourgishNatrium
- Liguriansodio
- Lingalasodu
- Lithuaniannatris
- Latviannātrijs
- Maorikonutai
- Macedonianнатриум
- Malayalamസോഡിയം
- Marathiसोडियम
- Western Mariнатрий
- Malaynatrium
- Burmeseဆိုဒီယမ်
- Low GermanNatrium
- Nepaliसोडियम
- Norwegian Nynorsknatrium
- Novialnatrium
- nrmsôdgium
- Navajosoodin
- Occitansòdi
- Punjabiਸੋਡੀਅਮ
- Polishsód
- pnbسوڈیم
- Ponticνάτριον
- Portuguesesódio
- Quechuanatriyu
- Romaniansodiu
- Russianнатрий
- Sakhaнатриум
- Siciliansodiu
- Serbo-Croatiannatrij
- Sinhalaසෝඩියම්
- Slovaksodík
- Sloveniannatrij
- Somalisaadiyom
- Albaniannatriumi
- Serbianнатријум
- Saterland FrisianNatrium
- Swedishnatrium
- Swahilinatiri
- Tamilசோடியம்
- Teluguసోడియమ్
- Tajikнатрий
- Thaiโซเดียม
- Tagalogsodyo
- Turkishsodyum
- Tatarнатрий
- Uyghurناترىي
- Ukrainianнатрій
- Uzbeknatriy
- Vepsnatrii
- Vietnamesenatri
- Walloonsodiom
- Waraysodyo
- Kalmykнатрион
- Yiddishנאטריום
- Yorubasodiomu
- Chinese鈉
- English (Canada)sodium
- English (United Kingdom)sodium
- German (Switzerland)Natrium
- Portuguese (Brazil)sódio
- Cantonese鈉
- Urduصوداصر
- Cebuanosodio
- Odiaସୋଡ଼ିଅମ
- Kazakhнатрий
- Newariसोडियम
- Piedmontesesòdio
- Scotssodium
- Chinese (China)钠
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)鈉
- Literary Chinese鈉
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)натар
- Min Nan ChineseNa
- Mongolianнатри
- Kikuyusodium
- Aromaniannatriu
- Kyrgyzнатрий
- cdonăk
- Limburgishnatrium
- Kara-Kalpaknаtriy
- Faroesenatrium
- Sanskritसोडियम
- Lombardsodio
- Maltesesodju
- Paliसोडियम
- Gan Chinese鈉
- azbسودیوم
- Sundanesenatrium
- Bhojpuriसोडियम
- Tibetanབུལ་རྫས།
- olonatrii
- Lingua Franca Novasodio
- kbpsɔdɩyɔm
- Khmerសូដ្យូម
- Wu Chinese钠
- Egyptian Arabicصوديوم
- hywՆաթրիոն
- Chinese (Taiwan)鈉
- Extremaduransodiu
- Chinese (Simplified)钠
- Sardiniansòdiu
- Chinese (Singapore)钠
- Chinese (Malaysia)钠
- Chinese (Macao SAR China)鈉
- Venetiansòdio
- Moroccan Arabicصوديوم
- Pashtoسوډيوم
- bclsodyo
- Manipuriꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ
- Cornishsodiom
- Balinesenatrium
- Minangkabaunatrium
- Malay (Arabic)نتريوم
- Korean (North Korea)나트리움
- blkသိုဒီယမ်
- Sindhiسوڊيئم
- skrسوڈیم
- OromoSodiyeemii
