Neon (Ne)
Neon is the 10th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ne and atomic number of 10. It has an atomic weight of 20.1797 and a mass number of 20. Neon has ten protons and ten neutrons in its nucleus, and ten electrons in two shells. It is located in group eighteen, period two and block p of the periodic table. Colourless gaseous element of group 18 on the periodic table (noble gases). Neon occurs in the atmosphere, and comprises 0.0018% of the volume of the atmosphere. It has a distinct reddish glow when used in discharge tubes and neon based lamps. It forms almost no chemical compounds. Neon was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsey and M.W. Travers.
| Atomic Number | 10 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 20.1797 |
| Mass Number | 20 |
| Group | 18 |
|---|---|
| Period | 2 |
| Block | p |
| Protons | 10 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 10 n0 |
| Electrons | 10 e- |
Properties
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Atomic Radius | 160 pm
|
| Molar Volume | 16.8 cm³/mol
|
| Covalent Radius | 67 pm
|
| Metallic Radius | |
| Ionic Radius | |
| Crystal Radius | |
| Van der Waals Radius |
154 pm
|
| Density | 0.000825 g/cm³
|
| Energy | |
| Proton Affinity | 198.8 kJ/mol
|
| Electron Affinity | |
| Ionization Energy | 21.56454 eV/particle
|
| Heat of Vaporization | 1.74 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Fusion | |
| Heat of Formation | |
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 8 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p6ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | |
| Electronegativity | |
| Electrophilicity Index | |
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Gas |
| Gas Phase | Monoatomic |
| Boiling Point | 27.104 K
|
| Melting Point | 24.56 K
|
| Critical Pressure | 2.6786 MPa
|
| Critical Temperature | 44.492 K
|
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Neon is a Colorless. Ne has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #b3e3f5, and MOLCAS GV of #b3e3f5. The Appearance of Element 10 is colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field. The Refractive Index of Neon (Ne) is 1.000067. | |
| Color | Colorless
|
| Appearance | colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field |
| Refractive Index | 1.000067
|
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | |
| Thermal Expansion | |
| Molar Heat Capacity | 20.786 J/(mol K)
|
| Specific Heat Capacity | 1.03 J/(g⋅K)
|
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | 5/3 |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | |
| Electrical Conductivity | |
| Electrical Resistivity | |
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | diamagnetic |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | -0.0000000041 m³/Kg
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | -0.0000000000827 m³/mol
|
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | -0.00000000369
|
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | |
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Neon is FCC. The lattice constant of Ne is 4.43 Å. The lattice angles of Element 10 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
| Lattice Constant | 4.43 Å
|
| Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Mechanical Properties | |
The Speed of Sound of Neon is 936 m/s. | |
| Hardness | |
| Bulk Modulus | |
| Shear Modulus | |
| Young's Modulus | |
| Poisson Ratio | |
| Speed of Sound | 936 m/s
|
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Neon is VIII. The IUPAC Group of Ne is VIIIA. The Glawe Number of Element 10 is 2. The Mendeleev Number of Neon (Ne) is 113. The Pettifor Number of Neon is 2. The Geochemical Class of Ne is volatile. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 10 is atmophile. | |
| Category | Noble gases, Noble gases |
| CAS Group | VIII |
| IUPAC Group | VIIIA |
| Glawe Number | 2 |
| Mendeleev Number | 113 |
| Pettifor Number | 2 |
| Geochemical Class | volatile |
| Goldschmidt Class | atmophile |
| Other | |
The Gas Basicity of Neon is 174.4 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Ne is 2.6611 plus or minus 3.0E-5 a₀. Element 10 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 6.2 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 6.91 a₀. The Allotropes of Neon (Ne) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Neon is 0.04. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Ne is 0.00059. The Quantum Numbers of Element 10 is 1S0. The Space Group of Neon (Ne) is 225 (Fm_3m). | |
| Gas Basicity | 174.4 kJ/mol
|
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 6.2 a₀
|
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 0.04
|
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00059
|
| Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
| Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Isotopes of Neon
| Stable Isotopes | 3 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 17 |
| Radioactive Isotopes | 17 |
15Ne
| Mass Number | 15 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 5 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 770 ± 300 ys
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2014 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2p (2-proton emission) | 100% |
16Ne
| Mass Number | 16 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 6 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1977 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2p (2-proton emission) | 100% |
17Ne
| Mass Number | 17 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 7 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.5746 ± 0.0028
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 109.2 ± 0.6 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1963 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 94.4% |
| β+α (β+-delayed α emission) | 3.51% |
| B+pA | 0.014% |
18Ne
| Mass Number | 18 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 8 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1,664.2 ± 0.47 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1954 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
19Ne
| Mass Number | 19 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 9 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | -3.7703 ± 0.00014
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 17.2569 ± 0.0019 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1939 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
20Ne
| Mass Number | 20 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 10 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 90.48 ± 0.03
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1913 |
| Parity | + |
21Ne
| Mass Number | 21 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 11 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | -0.44113333333333 ± 0.00002
|
| Abundance | 0.27 ± 0.01
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1928 |
| Parity | + |
22Ne
| Mass Number | 22 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 12 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 9.25 ± 0.03
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1913 |
| Parity | + |
23Ne
| Mass Number | 23 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 13 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | -0.43176 ± 0.0004
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 37.15 ± 0.03 s
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.145 ± 0.013
|
| Discovery Year | 1936 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
24Ne
| Mass Number | 24 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 14 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.38 ± 0.02 m
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1956 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
25Ne
| Mass Number | 25 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 15 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | -2.012 ± 0.001
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 602 ± 8 ms
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1970 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
26Ne
| Mass Number | 26 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 16 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 197 ± 2 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1970 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.13% |
27Ne
| Mass Number | 27 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 17 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 30.9 ± 1.1 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1977 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
28Ne
| Mass Number | 28 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 18 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 18.8 ± 0.2 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1979 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 12% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 3.7% |
29Ne
| Mass Number | 29 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 19 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 14.7 ± 0.4 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1985 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 28% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 4% |
30Ne
| Mass Number | 30 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 20 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 7.22 ± 0.18 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1985 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 13% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | 8.9% |
31Ne
| Mass Number | 31 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 21 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.4 ± 0.8 ms
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1996 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
32Ne
| Mass Number | 32 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 22 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 3.5 ± 0.9 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1990 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
33Ne
| Mass Number | 33 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 23 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| n (neutron emission) |
34Ne
| Mass Number | 34 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 24 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2002 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) | |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
History
Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in London. It was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. After 1902, Georges Claude's company, Air Liquide, was producing industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business. From the Greek word neos, new
| Discoverers | Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | England |
| Discovery Year | 1898 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | Greek: neos (new). |
| Pronunciation | NEE-on (English) |
Neon is not known to be toxic
In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange
Uses
Neon is often used in brightly lit advertising signs. It is also used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, television tubes, and helium-neon lasers. Liquid neon is used as a cryogenic refrigerant. Primarily for lighting.
Sources
Nuclear Screening Constants
| 1 | s | 0.3579 |
| 2 | p | 4.2416 |
| 2 | s | 4.2416 |
Also Known As
- Ne
- element 10
- 10Ne
Translations
- Italianneon
- Norwegian Bokmålneon
- Frenchnéon
- GermanNeon
- Russianнеон
- Spanishneón
- Dutchneon
- Chinese (Traditional)氖
- Hebrewנאון
- Afrikaansneon
- Amharicኒዮን
- AragoneseNeón
- Arabicنيون
- AsturianNeón
- AzerbaijaniNeon
- Belarusianнеон
- Bulgarianнеон
- Banglaনিয়ন
- BretonNeon
- Bosnianneon
- Catalanneó
- Central Kurdishنیۆن
- CorsicanNeone
- Czechneon
- Church SlavicНєонъ
- ChuvashНеон
- WelshNeon
- Danishneon
- Greekνέον
- Esperantoneono
- EstonianNeoon
- Basqueneon
- Persianنئون
- Finnishneon
- Northern FrisianNeon
- FriulianNeon
- Western FrisianNeon
- IrishNeon
- Galicianneon
- GuaraniTatatendy
- ManxNeoin
- Hakka ChineseNái
- HawaiianNīane
- Hindiनियोन
- Fiji HindiNeon
- CroatianNeon
- Haitian CreoleNeyon
- Hungarianneon
- Armenianնեոն
- Interlinguaneon
- Indonesianneon
- Ilokoneon
- Idoneono
- Icelandicneon
- Japaneseネオン
- Lojbanninynavni
- JavaneseNeon
- Georgianნეონი
- KazakhНеон
- Kannadaನಿಯಾನ್
- Korean네온
- KurdishNeon
- KomiНеон
- Latinneon
- LuxembourgishNeon
- LigurianNeon
- LingalaNeoni
- LithuanianNeonas
- Latvianneons
- Maorihaukura
- MacedonianНеон
- Malayalamനിയോൺ
- Marathiनियॉन
- Western MariНеон
- MalayNeon
- nahYancuīquehēcatl
- Low GermanNeon
- Nepaliनियोन
- Newariनियोन
- Norwegian Nynorskneon
- NavajoNíłchʼi Łitsxooí
- OccitanNeon
- Punjabiਨਿਓਨ
- PapiamentoNeon
- Polishneon
- pnbنیون
- Portuguesenéon
- QuechuaNiyun
- Romanianneon
- RusynНеон
- Sicilianneon
- Serbo-CroatianNeon
- Sinhalaනියෝන්
- Slovakneón
- Slovenianneon
- AlbanianNeoni
- Serbianнеон
- Saterland FrisianNeon
- Swedishneon
- SwahiliNeoni
- Tamilநியோன்
- Teluguనియాన్
- TajikНеон
- Thaiนีออน
- TagalogNeon
- TurkishNeon
- Uyghurنىئون گازى
- Ukrainianнеон
- Urduنیون
- UzbekNeon
- VepsNeon
- Vietnameseneon
- WarayNeon
- KalmykНеон
- Yiddishנעאן
- YorubaNeon
- CebuanoNeon
- LombardNeon
- Odiaନିଅନ
- Gujaratiનિયોન
- PiedmonteseNéon
- Scotsneon
- Chinese (China)氖
- Chinese (Hong Kong SAR China)氖
- Cantonese氖
- TatarНеон
- ErzyaНеон
- SomaliNiyoon
- SamogitianNeuons
- Literary Chinese氖
- Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Нэон
- Min Nan ChineseNe-óng
- AromanianNeon
- KyrgyzНеон
- LimburgishNeon
- FaroeseNeon
- Portuguese (Brazil)neônio
- Scottish GaelicNeon
- Sanskritनियोन
- Malteseneon
- Gan Chinese氖
- Paliनियोन
- Mongolianнеон
- cdoNeon
- Bhojpuriनियॉन
- azbنئون
- Tibetanགསར་རླུང་།
- Burmeseနီယွန်
- SundaneseNéon
- Volapükneonin
- Lingua Franca Novaneon
- Wu Chinese氖
- Khmerនេអុង
- oloNeon
- kbpNɛyɔɔ
- Assameseনিয়ন
- Chinese (Taiwan)氖
- SardinianNeon
- Chinese (Simplified)氖
- Chinese氖
- Chinese (Malaysia)氖
- Chinese (Singapore)氖
- Chinese (Macao SAR China)氖
- BashkirНеон
- Moroccan Arabicنيون
- Pashtoنيون
- Egyptian Arabicنيون
- bclNeon
- Mingrelianნეონი
- CornishNeon
- Manipuriꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟ
- BalineseNéon
- ShonaNiyoni
- WalloonNeyon
- Sindhiنيون
- blkနီယွန်
- ZuluINkanyihwe
