Neon (Ne)

Colourless gaseous element of group 18 on the periodic table (noble gases). Neon occurs in the atmosphere, and comprises 0.0018% of the volume of the atmosphere. It has a distinct reddish glow when used in discharge tubes and neon based lamps. It forms almost no chemical compounds. Neon was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsey and M.W. Travers.

Atomic Number	10
Atomic Weight	20.1797
Mass Number	20

Group	18
Period	2
Block	p

Protons	10 p⁺
Neutrons	10 n⁰
Electrons	10 e^-

Properties

Energy
Atomic Radius	160 pm 156 pm
Molar Volume	16.8 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	67 pm 96 pm 58 pm
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals Radius	154 pm 154 pm 160 pm 324.3 pm
Density	0.000825 g/cm³
Proton Affinity	198.8 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy	21.56454 eV/particle 40.96296 eV/particle 63.42331 eV/particle 97.19 eV/particle 126.247 eV/particle 157.934 eV/particle 207.271 eV/particle 239.0969 eV/particle 1,195.80779 eV/particle 1,362.1991 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	1.74 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8

Valence Electrons	8

Electron Configuration	[He] 2s² 2p⁶

Oxidation States
Electronegativity	28.31 eV/particle 0.38439
Electrophilicity
Phases
Phase	Gas
Gas Phase	Monoatomic
Boiling Point	27.104 K
Melting Point	24.56 K
Critical Pressure	2.6786 MPa
Critical Temperature	44.492 K
Triple Point	24.5561 K 43.37 kPa
Visual
Color	Colorless #ff1493 #b3e3f5 #b3e3f5
Appearance	colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field
Refractive Index	1.000067
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity	20.786 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	1.03 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)	5/3
Electrical Properties
Type
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	diamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	-0.0000000041 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	-0.0000000000827 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	-0.00000000369
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant	4.43 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young Modulus
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound	936 m/s
Classification
Category	Noble gases, Noble gases
CAS Group	VIII
IUPAC Group	VIIIA
Glawe Number	2
Mendeleev Number	113
Pettifor Number	2
Geochemical Class	volatile
Goldschmidt Class	atmophile
Other
Gas Basicity	174.4 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability	2.6611 ± 0.00003 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	6.2 a₀ 6.91 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.04
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.00059
Quantum Numbers	1S0
Space Group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Neon

Stable Isotopes	3
Unstable Isotopes	17
Radioactive Isotopes	16

¹⁵Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	15.043172977 ± 0.000071588 Da
Mass Number	15
G-Factor
Half Life	770 ± 300 ys
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2014
Parity	-

¹⁵Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

¹⁶Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	16.02575086 ± 0.000021986 Da
Mass Number	16
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

¹⁶Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	100%

¹⁷Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	17.017713962 ± 0.00000038 Da
Mass Number	17
G-Factor	1.5746 ± 0.0028
Half Life	109.2 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1963
Parity	-

¹⁷Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	94.4%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	3.51%
B+pA	0.014%

¹⁸Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	18.005708696 ± 0.00000039 Da
Mass Number	18
G-Factor	0
Half Life	1,664.2 ± 0.47 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1954
Parity	+

¹⁸Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

¹⁹Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	19.001880906 ± 0.000000171 Da
Mass Number	19
G-Factor	-3.7703 ± 0.00014
Half Life	17.2569 ± 0.0019 s
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	+

¹⁹Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

²⁰Ne

Abundance	90.48 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	19.99244017525 ± 0.00000000165 Da
Mass Number	20
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1913
Parity	+

²¹Ne

Abundance	0.27 ± 0.01
Relative Atomic Mass	20.993846685 ± 0.000000041 Da
Mass Number	21
G-Factor	-0.44113333333333 ± 0.00002
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1928
Parity	+

²²Ne

Abundance	9.25 ± 0.03
Relative Atomic Mass	21.991385113 ± 0.000000018 Da
Mass Number	22
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1913
Parity	+

²³Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	22.994466905 ± 0.000000112 Da
Mass Number	23
G-Factor	-0.43176 ± 0.0004
Half Life	37.15 ± 0.03 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.145 ± 0.013
Discovery Year	1936
Parity	+

²³Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁴Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	23.993610649 ± 0.00000055 Da
Mass Number	24
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.38 ± 0.02 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1956
Parity	+

²⁴Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁵Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	24.997814797 ± 0.000031181 Da
Mass Number	25
G-Factor	-2.012 ± 0.001
Half Life	602 ± 8 ms
Spin	1/2
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

²⁵Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

²⁶Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	26.000516496 ± 0.000019784 Da
Mass Number	26
G-Factor	0
Half Life	197 ± 2 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1970
Parity	+

²⁶Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.13%

²⁷Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	27.007569462 ± 0.000097445 Da
Mass Number	27
G-Factor
Half Life	30.9 ± 1.1 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

²⁷Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	2%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

²⁸Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	28.012130767 ± 0.000135339 Da
Mass Number	28
G-Factor	0
Half Life	18.8 ± 0.2 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1979
Parity	+

²⁸Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	12%
2n (2-neutron emission)	3.7%

²⁹Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	29.019753 ± 0.0001605 Da
Mass Number	29
G-Factor
Half Life	14.7 ± 0.4 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	-

²⁹Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)	4%

³⁰Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	30.024992235 ± 0.000271875 Da
Mass Number	30
G-Factor	0
Half Life	7.22 ± 0.18 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1985
Parity	+

³⁰Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13%
2n (2-neutron emission)	8.9%

³¹Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	31.033474816 ± 0.000285772 Da
Mass Number	31
G-Factor
Half Life	3.4 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

³¹Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

³²Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	32.03972 ± 0.00054 Da
Mass Number	32
G-Factor	0
Half Life	3.5 ± 0.9 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1990
Parity	+

³²Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

³³Ne

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	33.049523 ± 0.000644 Da
Mass Number	33
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	7/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

³³Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
n (neutron emission)	%

³⁴Ne

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	34.056728 ± 0.000551 Da
Mass Number	34
G-Factor	0
Half Life
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	2002
Parity	+

³⁴Ne Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

History

Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers in London. It was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. After 1902, Georges Claude's company, Air Liquide, was producing industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air liquefaction business. From the Greek word neos, new

Discoverers	Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers
Discovery Location	England
Discovery Year	1898
Etymology (Name Origin)	Greek: neos (new).
Pronunciation	NEE-on (English)

Neon is not known to be toxic

In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange

Uses

Neon is often used in brightly lit advertising signs. It is also used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, television tubes, and helium-neon lasers. Liquid neon is used as a cryogenic refrigerant. Primarily for lighting.

Sources

Obtained from production of liquid air as a byproduct of producing liquid oxygen and nitrogen.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	0.005 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.00012 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
Abundance in Meteor
Abundance in Sun	0.1 %
Abundance in Universe	0.13 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.3579
2	p	4.2416
2	s	4.2416

Neon on ChemicalAid

Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300180393
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3546
BNCF Thesaurus ID	37399
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	121448923
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	neon-20
CAS Registry Number	7440-01-9
ChEBI ID	33310
ChemSpider ID	22377
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID2047642
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID0064678
Den Store Danske ID	neon
DrugBank ID	11589
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.282
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/neon-chemical-element
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	neon
Freebase ID	/m/025s4r0
French Vikidia ID	Néon
GND ID	4171442-8
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	2260122
HSDB ID	7916
ICSC ID	0627
InChI	InChI=1S/Ne
InChIKey	GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Italian Vikidia ID	Neon
KBpedia ID	Neon
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85090790
MeSH descriptor ID	D009356
Namuwiki ID	네온
National Diet Library ID	00575299
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007565537805171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	159119
OpenAlex ID	C522602180
PSH ID	5817
PubChem CID	23935
Quora topic ID	Neon
RxNorm ID	7301
Römpp online ID	RD-14-00763
Spanish Vikidia ID	Neón
Store norske leksikon ID	neon
Treccani ID	neon
UNII	4VB4Y46AHD
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14670330-n
YSO ID	20228
ZVG number	7100

Neon (Ne)

Properties

Isotopes of Neon

15Ne

15Ne Decay Modes

16Ne

16Ne Decay Modes

17Ne

17Ne Decay Modes

18Ne

18Ne Decay Modes

19Ne

19Ne Decay Modes

20Ne

21Ne

22Ne

23Ne

23Ne Decay Modes

24Ne

24Ne Decay Modes

25Ne

25Ne Decay Modes

26Ne

26Ne Decay Modes

27Ne

27Ne Decay Modes

28Ne

28Ne Decay Modes

29Ne

29Ne Decay Modes

30Ne

30Ne Decay Modes

31Ne

31Ne Decay Modes

32Ne

32Ne Decay Modes

33Ne

33Ne Decay Modes

34Ne

34Ne Decay Modes