Nikkel (Ni)

chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28

Atomic Number	28
Atomic Weight	58.6934
Massagetal	58

Group	10
Period	4
Block	d

proton	28 p⁺
neutron	30 n⁰
elektron	28 e^-

Physical Property

Atoomradius	135 pm 229 pm
molar volume	6,6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
Ioonradius	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Van der Waals radius	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283,4 pm
density	8,9 g/cm³ 7 810 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energie

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,156 eV/particle
ionization energy	7,639877 eV/particle 18,168837 eV/particle 35,19 eV/particle 54,9 eV/particle 76,06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193,2 eV/particle 224,7 eV/particle 319,53 eV/particle 351,63 eV/particle 384,55 eV/particle 429,32 eV/particle 462,8 eV/particle 495,4 eV/particle 571,1 eV/particle 607,02 eV/particle 1 541,05 eV/particle 1 646 eV/particle 1 758 eV/particle 1 880 eV/particle 2 008,1 eV/particle 2 130,46 eV/particle 2 295,6 eV/particle 2 399,259 eV/particle 10 288,8858 eV/particle 10 775,386 eV/particle

Verdampingswarmte	378,6 kJ/mol
smeltingswarmte	17,61 kJ/mol
Vormingsentalpie	430,1 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskil	2, 8, 16, 2

Valenselektrone	2 ⓘ

elektronkonfigurasie	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Oksidasietoestand	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegatiwiteit	11,13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 186,15 K
Melting Point	1 728,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
appearance
kleur	Black #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Brekingsindeks
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	90,9 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,07 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Geleidingsvermoë	14 MS/m
Elektriese resistiwiteit	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
superconductivity
Magnetisme
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature	631 K
Néel temperature
structure
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
Massamodulus	180 GPa
Skuifmodulus	76 GPa
Young se modulus	200 GPa
Poisson se verhouding	0,31
Spoed van klank	4 970 m/s
classification
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	714,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0026
quantum number	3F4
Ruimtegroep	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

Massagetal	48
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	2,8 ± 0,8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	2000
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

Massagetal	49
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	7,5 ± 1 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1996
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

Massagetal	50
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	18,5 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

Massagetal	51
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	23,8 ± 0,2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

Massagetal	52
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	41,8 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

Massagetal	53
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	55,2 ± 0,7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

Massagetal	54
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	114,1 ± 0,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

Massagetal	55
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
g-factor	0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	203,9 ± 1,3 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

Massagetal	56
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	6,075 ± 0,01 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

Massagetal	57
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
g-factor	-0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	35,6 ± 0,06 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

Massagetal	58
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68,0769 ± 0,019
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1921
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

Massagetal	59
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	81 ± 5 ky
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

Massagetal	60
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26,2231 ± 0,015
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1921
parity	+

⁶¹Ni

Massagetal	61
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1,1399 ± 0,0013
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,162 ± 0,015
ontdekkingsdatum	1934
parity	-

⁶²Ni

Massagetal	62
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,6345 ± 0,004
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1934
parity	+

⁶³Ni

Massagetal	63
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor	0,992 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	101,2 ± 1,5 y
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

Massagetal	64
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,9256 ± 0,0019
radioaktiwiteit	Stabiele isotoop
Halfleeftyd	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1935
parity	+

⁶⁵Ni

Massagetal	65
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
g-factor	0,276 ± 0,024
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1946
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

Massagetal	66
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	54,6 ± 0,3 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

Massagetal	67
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
g-factor	1,202 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	21 ± 1 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1978
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

Massagetal	68
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	29 ± 2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

Massagetal	69
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	11,4 ± 0,3 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1984
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

Massagetal	70
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	6 ± 0,3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

Massagetal	71
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	2,56 ± 0,03 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

Massagetal	72
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	1,57 ± 0,05 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

Massagetal	73
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	840 ± 30 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

Massagetal	74
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	507,7 ± 4,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

Massagetal	75
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	331,6 ± 3,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

Massagetal	76
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	234,6 ± 2,7 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

Massagetal	77
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	158,9 ± 4,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

Massagetal	78
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	122,2 ± 5,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

Massagetal	79
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	44 ± 8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

Massagetal	80
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd	30 ± 22 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	2014
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

Massagetal	81
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
ontdekkingsdatum	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

Massagetal	82
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiwiteit	☢️ radioactive element
Halfleeftyd
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
ontdekkingsdatum	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

geskiedenis

Ontdek deur	Axel Cronstedt
ligging van ontdekking	Sweden
ontdekkingsdatum	1751
etimologie	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
uitspraak	NIK-l (Engels)

source

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (oseaan)	0,00056 mg/L
natural abundance (human body)	0,00001 %
natural abundance (Meteoroïde)	1,3 %
natural abundance (Son)	0,008 %
Abundance in Universe	0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Nikkel on ChemicalAid

Nikkel (Ni)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

geskiedenis

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni