Nikl, ²Nikal (Ni)

hemijski element sa simbolom Ni i atomskim brojem 28

Atomic Number	28
Atomic Weight	58.6934
Maseni broj	58

Group	10
Period	4
Block	d

Proton	28 p⁺
Neutron	30 n⁰
Elektron	28 e^-

Animated Bohrov model atoma of Ni (Nikl, ²Nikal)

Physical Property

Atomski Radijus	135 pm 229 pm
Molarni volumen	6,6 cm³/mol
covalent radius	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
Ionski radijus	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Van der Waalsov radijus	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283,4 pm
gustoća	8,9 g/cm³ 7.810 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

energija

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,156 eV/particle
ionization energy	7,639877 eV/particle 18,168837 eV/particle 35,19 eV/particle 54,9 eV/particle 76,06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193,2 eV/particle 224,7 eV/particle 319,53 eV/particle 351,63 eV/particle 384,55 eV/particle 429,32 eV/particle 462,8 eV/particle 495,4 eV/particle 571,1 eV/particle 607,02 eV/particle 1.541,05 eV/particle 1.646 eV/particle 1.758 eV/particle 1.880 eV/particle 2.008,1 eV/particle 2.130,46 eV/particle 2.295,6 eV/particle 2.399,259 eV/particle 10.288,8858 eV/particle 10.775,386 eV/particle

Toplota isparavanja	378,6 kJ/mol
toplota topljenja	17,61 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	430,1 kJ/mol
Elektron

electron shell	2, 8, 16, 2

Valentni elektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

oksidacijsko stanje	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativnost	11,13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

agregatno stanje
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3.186,15 K
Melting Point	1.728,15 K
critical pressure
Kritična temperatura
Trojna tačka
appearance
boja	Black #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Indeks prelamanja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	90,9 W/(m K)
thermal expansion	0,0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,07 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Specifična električna provodljivost	14 MS/m
electrical resistivity	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Superprovodljivost
Magnetizam
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Kirijeva tačka	631 K
Néel temperature
struktura
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Tvrdoća	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
bulk modulus	180 GPa
shear modulus	76 GPa
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,31
Brzina zvuka	4.970 m/s
klasifikacija
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	714,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0026
Kvantni brojevi	3F4
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

Maseni broj	48
broj neutrona	20
Relative Atomic Mass	48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,8 ± 0,8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2000
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

Maseni broj	49
broj neutrona	21
Relative Atomic Mass	49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	7,5 ± 1 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1996
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

Maseni broj	50
broj neutrona	22
Relative Atomic Mass	49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	18,5 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

Maseni broj	51
broj neutrona	23
Relative Atomic Mass	50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	23,8 ± 0,2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

Maseni broj	52
broj neutrona	24
Relative Atomic Mass	51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	41,8 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

Maseni broj	53
broj neutrona	25
Relative Atomic Mass	52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	55,2 ± 0,7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

Maseni broj	54
broj neutrona	26
Relative Atomic Mass	53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	114,1 ± 0,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

Maseni broj	55
broj neutrona	27
Relative Atomic Mass	54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
g-factor	0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	203,9 ± 1,3 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

Maseni broj	56
broj neutrona	28
Relative Atomic Mass	55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	6,075 ± 0,01 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

Maseni broj	57
broj neutrona	29
Relative Atomic Mass	56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
g-factor	-0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	35,6 ± 0,06 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

Maseni broj	58
broj neutrona	30
Relative Atomic Mass	57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68,0769 ± 0,019
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1921
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

Maseni broj	59
broj neutrona	31
Relative Atomic Mass	58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	81 ± 5 ky
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

Maseni broj	60
broj neutrona	32
Relative Atomic Mass	59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26,2231 ± 0,015
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1921
parity	+

⁶¹Ni

Maseni broj	61
broj neutrona	33
Relative Atomic Mass	60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1,1399 ± 0,0013
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,162 ± 0,015
datum otkrića	1934
parity	-

⁶²Ni

Maseni broj	62
broj neutrona	34
Relative Atomic Mass	61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,6345 ± 0,004
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1934
parity	+

⁶³Ni

Maseni broj	63
broj neutrona	35
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor	0,992 ± 0,01
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	101,2 ± 1,5 y
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

Maseni broj	64
broj neutrona	36
Relative Atomic Mass	63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,9256 ± 0,0019
Radioaktivnost	stable isotope
Vrijeme poluraspada	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1935
parity	+

⁶⁵Ni

Maseni broj	65
broj neutrona	37
Relative Atomic Mass	64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
g-factor	0,276 ± 0,024
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1946
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

Maseni broj	66
broj neutrona	38
Relative Atomic Mass	65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	54,6 ± 0,3 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

Maseni broj	67
broj neutrona	39
Relative Atomic Mass	66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
g-factor	1,202 ± 0,01
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	21 ± 1 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1978
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

Maseni broj	68
broj neutrona	40
Relative Atomic Mass	67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	29 ± 2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

Maseni broj	69
broj neutrona	41
Relative Atomic Mass	68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	11,4 ± 0,3 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1984
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

Maseni broj	70
broj neutrona	42
Relative Atomic Mass	69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	6 ± 0,3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

Maseni broj	71
broj neutrona	43
Relative Atomic Mass	70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	2,56 ± 0,03 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

Maseni broj	72
broj neutrona	44
Relative Atomic Mass	71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	1,57 ± 0,05 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

Maseni broj	73
broj neutrona	45
Relative Atomic Mass	72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	840 ± 30 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

Maseni broj	74
broj neutrona	46
Relative Atomic Mass	73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	507,7 ± 4,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

Maseni broj	75
broj neutrona	47
Relative Atomic Mass	74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	331,6 ± 3,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

Maseni broj	76
broj neutrona	48
Relative Atomic Mass	75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	234,6 ± 2,7 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

Maseni broj	77
broj neutrona	49
Relative Atomic Mass	76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	158,9 ± 4,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

Maseni broj	78
broj neutrona	50
Relative Atomic Mass	77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	122,2 ± 5,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

Maseni broj	79
broj neutrona	51
Relative Atomic Mass	78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	44 ± 8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

Maseni broj	80
broj neutrona	52
Relative Atomic Mass	79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada	30 ± 22 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2014
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

Maseni broj	81
broj neutrona	53
Relative Atomic Mass	80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
datum otkrića	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

Maseni broj	82
broj neutrona	54
Relative Atomic Mass	81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Radioaktivnost	☢️ radioactive element
Vrijeme poluraspada
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
datum otkrića	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historija

otkrivač ili izumitelj	Axel Cronstedt
mjesto otkrića	Sweden
datum otkrića	1751
Etimologija	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
pronunciation	NIK-l (engleski)

izvor

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (okean)	0,00056 mg/L
natural abundance (ljudsko tijelo)	0,00001 %
natural abundance (Meteoroidi)	1,3 %
natural abundance (Sunce)	0,008 %
Abundance in Universe	0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Nikl, ²Nikal on ChemicalAid

Nikl, ²Nikal (Ni)

Physical Property

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

historija

izvor

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni