Nikkel (Ni)

grundstof med atomnummer 28

Atomnummer	28
Atommasse	58.6934
mass number	58

Gruppe	10
Periode	4
Blok	d

proton	28 p⁺
neutron	30 n⁰
elektron	28 e^-

Fysisk Egenskab

Atomradius	135 pm 229 pm
molar volume	6,6 cm³/mol
Kovalent Radius	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
Ionisk radius	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Van der Waals-radius	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283,4 pm
massefylde	8,9 g/cm³ 7.810 kg/m³

Kemisk Egenskab

{ERROR}

energi

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
electron affinity	1,156 eV/particle
ioniseringsenergi	7,639877 eV/particle 18,168837 eV/particle 35,19 eV/particle 54,9 eV/particle 76,06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193,2 eV/particle 224,7 eV/particle 319,53 eV/particle 351,63 eV/particle 384,55 eV/particle 429,32 eV/particle 462,8 eV/particle 495,4 eV/particle 571,1 eV/particle 607,02 eV/particle 1.541,05 eV/particle 1.646 eV/particle 1.758 eV/particle 1.880 eV/particle 2.008,1 eV/particle 2.130,46 eV/particle 2.295,6 eV/particle 2.399,259 eV/particle 10.288,8858 eV/particle 10.775,386 eV/particle

Fordampningsvarme	378,6 kJ/mol
smeltevarme	17,61 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	430,1 kJ/mol
elektron

Elektronskal	2, 8, 16, 2

Valenselektron	2 ⓘ

electron configuration	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Oxidationstrin	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitet	11,13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

stoffase
gaseous state of matter
Kogepunkt	3.186,15 K
Smeltepunkt	1.728,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
appearance
farve	Sort #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Brydningsindeks
materialeegenskab
Varmeledningsevne	90,9 W/(m K)
Termisk ekspansion	0,0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,07 J/(mol K)
Varmefylde	0,444 J/(g⋅K)
Adiabateksponenten
electrical properties
type	Conductor
specifik ledningsevne	14 MS/m
Elektrisk resistivitet	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
superledning
Magnetisme
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curietemperaturen	631 K
Néel temperature
struktur
Krystalstruktur	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hårdhed	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
Kompressibilitetsmodul	180 GPa
Forskydningsmodul	76 GPa
E-modul	200 GPa
Poissons forhold	0,31
speed of sound	4.970 m/s
klassificering
Kategori	Actinider, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

øvrige

Gas Basicity	714,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0026
quantum number	3F4
rumgruppe	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

mass number	48
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,8 ± 0,8 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2000
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

mass number	49
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	7,5 ± 1 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1996
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

mass number	50
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	18,5 ± 1,2 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1994
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

mass number	51
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	23,8 ± 0,2 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

mass number	52
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	41,8 ± 1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

mass number	53
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	55,2 ± 0,7 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1976
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

mass number	54
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	114,1 ± 0,3 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1977
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

mass number	55
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
g-factor	0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	203,9 ± 1,3 ms
spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1972
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

mass number	56
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6,075 ± 0,01 d
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1952
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

mass number	57
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
g-factor	-0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	35,6 ± 0,06 h
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1938
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

mass number	58
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68,0769 ± 0,019
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1921
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

mass number	59
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	81 ± 5 ky
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

mass number	60
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26,2231 ± 0,015
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1921
Paritet	+

⁶¹Ni

mass number	61
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1,1399 ± 0,0013
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,162 ± 0,015
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	-

⁶²Ni

mass number	62
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,6345 ± 0,004
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1934
Paritet	+

⁶³Ni

mass number	63
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor	0,992 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	101,2 ± 1,5 y
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1951
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

mass number	64
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,9256 ± 0,0019
radioaktivitet	stable isotope
halveringstid	Not Radioactive ☢️
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1935
Paritet	+

⁶⁵Ni

mass number	65
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
g-factor	0,276 ± 0,024
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1946
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

mass number	66
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	54,6 ± 0,3 h
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1948
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

mass number	67
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
g-factor	1,202 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	21 ± 1 s
spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1978
Paritet	-

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

mass number	68
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	29 ± 2 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1977
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

mass number	69
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	11,4 ± 0,3 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1984
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

mass number	70
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	6 ± 0,3 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

mass number	71
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	2,56 ± 0,03 s
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

mass number	72
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	1,57 ± 0,05 s
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

mass number	73
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	840 ± 30 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

mass number	74
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	507,7 ± 4,6 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1987
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

mass number	75
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	331,6 ± 3,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1992
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

mass number	76
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	234,6 ± 2,7 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1995
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

mass number	77
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	158,9 ± 4,2 ms
spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	1995
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

mass number	78
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	122,2 ± 5,1 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	1995
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

mass number	79
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	44 ± 8 ms
spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2010
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

mass number	80
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid	30 ± 22 ms
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2014
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

mass number	81
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
opdagelsesdato	2017
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

mass number	82
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitet	☢️ radioactive element
halveringstid
spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
opdagelsesdato	2017
Paritet	+

decay mode	Intensitet
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

historie

opdager eller opfinder	Axel Cronstedt
fundsted	Sweden
opdagelsesdato	1751
etymologi	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
udtale	NIK-l (engelsk)

source

Forekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (verdenshave)	0,00056 mg/L
natural abundance (menneskelige krop)	0,00001 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	1,3 %
natural abundance (Solen)	0,008 %
Abundance in Universe	0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Nikkel on ChemicalAid

Nikkel (Ni)

Fysisk Egenskab

Kemisk Egenskab

øvrige

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

historie

source

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni