Nickel (Ni)
Nickel is the 28th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Ni and atomic number of 28. It has an atomic weight of 58.6934 and a mass number of 58. Nickel has twenty-eight protons and thirty neutrons in its nucleus, and twenty-eight electrons in four shells. It is located in group ten, period four and block d of the periodic table. Malleable ductile silvery metallic transition element. Discovered by A.F. Cronstedt in 1751.
| Atomic Number | 28 |
|---|---|
| Atomic Weight | 58.6934 |
| Mass Number | 58 |
| Group | 10 |
|---|---|
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d |
| Protons | 28 p+ |
|---|---|
| Neutrons | 30 n0 |
| Electrons | 28 e- |
Properties
| Physical Properties | |
|---|---|
| Atomic Radius | 135 pm
|
| Molar Volume | 6.6 cm³/mol
|
| Covalent Radius | 110 pm
|
| Metallic Radius | 115 pm
|
| Ionic Radius | 55 pm
|
| Crystal Radius | 69 pm
|
| Van der Waals Radius |
197 pm
|
| Density | 8.9 g/cm³
|
| Energy | |
| Proton Affinity | 737 kJ/mol
|
| Electron Affinity | 1.156 eV/particle
|
| Ionization Energy | 7.639877 eV/particle
|
| Heat of Vaporization | 378.6 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Fusion | 17.61 kJ/mol
|
| Heat of Formation | 430.1 kJ/mol
|
| Electrons | |
| Electron Shells | 2, 8, 16, 2 |
 | |
| Valence Electrons | 2 ⓘ |
 | |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d8 4s2ⓘ 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 |
  | |
| Oxidation States | -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Electronegativity |
1.91
|
| Electrophilicity Index | 1.4915353151966217 eV/particle
|
| States of Matter | |
| Phase | Solid |
| Gas Phase | |
| Boiling Point | 3,186.15 K
|
| Melting Point | 1,728.15 K
|
| Critical Pressure | |
| Critical Temperature | |
| Triple Point | |
| Visual | |
Nickel is a Gray. Ni has a CPK of #a52a2a, Jmol of #50d050, and MOLCAS GV of #50d050. The Appearance of Element 28 is lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge. | |
| Color | Gray
|
| Appearance | lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge |
| Refractive Index | |
| Thermodynamic Properties | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 90.9 W/(m K)
|
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000134 1/K
|
| Molar Heat Capacity | 26.07 J/(mol K)
|
| Specific Heat Capacity | 0.444 J/(g⋅K)
|
| Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
| Electrical Properties | |
| Type | Conductor |
| Electrical Conductivity | 14 MS/m
|
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000007000000000002 m Ω
|
| Superconducting Point | |
| Magnetism | |
| Type | ferromagnetic |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
| Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
| Magnetic Ordering | |
| Curie Point | 631 K
|
| Neel Point | |
| Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Nickel is FCC. The lattice constant of Ni is 3.52 Å. The lattice angles of Element 28 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
| Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
| Lattice Constant | 3.52 Å
|
| Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Mechanical Properties | |
Nickel has a Brinell of 700 MPa, Mohs hardness of 4 MPa, and Vickers of 638 MPa. The Bulk Modulus of Ni is 180 GPa. The Shear Modulus of Element 28 is 76 GPa. The Young Modulus of Nickel (Ni) is 200 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Nickel is 0.31. The Speed of Sound of Ni is 4970 m/s. | |
| Hardness |
4 MPa
|
| Bulk Modulus | 180 GPa
|
| Shear Modulus | 76 GPa
|
| Young's Modulus | 200 GPa
|
| Poisson Ratio | 0.31
|
| Speed of Sound | 4,970 m/s
|
| Classification | |
The CAS Group of Nickel is VIIIA. The IUPAC Group of Ni is VIII. The Glawe Number of Element 28 is 69. The Mendeleev Number of Nickel (Ni) is 67. The Pettifor Number of Nickel is 67. The Geochemical Class of Ni is first series transition metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 28 is siderophile. | |
| Category | Transition metals, Transition metals |
| CAS Group | VIIIA |
| IUPAC Group | VIII |
| Glawe Number | 69 |
| Mendeleev Number | 67 |
| Pettifor Number | 67 |
| Geochemical Class | first series transition metal |
| Goldschmidt Class | siderophile |
| Other | |
The Gas Basicity of Nickel is 714.1 kJ/mol. The Dipole Polarizability of Ni is 49 plus or minus 3 a₀. Element 28 has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 373 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 393 a₀. The Allotropes of Nickel (Ni) is . The Neutron Cross Section of Nickel is 4.5. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Ni is 0.0026. The Quantum Numbers of Element 28 is 3F4. The Space Group of Nickel (Ni) is 225 (Fm_3m). | |
| Gas Basicity | 714.1 kJ/mol
|
| Dipole Polarizability | |
| C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 373 a₀
|
| Allotropes | |
| Neutron Cross Section | 4.5
|
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0026
|
| Quantum Numbers | 3F4 |
| Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Isotopes of Nickel
| Stable Isotopes | 4 |
|---|---|
| Unstable Isotopes | 31 |
| Radioactive Isotopes | 31 |
48Ni
| Mass Number | 48 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 20 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.8 ± 0.8 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2000 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2p (2-proton emission) | 70% |
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 30% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
49Ni
| Mass Number | 49 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 21 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 7.5 ± 1 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1996 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 83.4% |
50Ni
| Mass Number | 50 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 22 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 18.5 ± 1.2 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1994 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 73% |
| 2p (2-proton emission) | 14% |
51Ni
| Mass Number | 51 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 23 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 23.8 ± 0.2 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 87.2% |
| 2p (2-proton emission) | 0.5% |
52Ni
| Mass Number | 52 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 24 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 41.8 ± 1 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 31.1% |
53Ni
| Mass Number | 53 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 25 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 55.2 ± 0.7 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1976 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 22.7% |
54Ni
| Mass Number | 54 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 26 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 114.1 ± 0.3 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1977 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
| β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) |
55Ni
| Mass Number | 55 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 27 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.28 ± 0.0085714285714286
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 203.9 ± 1.3 ms
|
| Spin | 7/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1972 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
56Ni
| Mass Number | 56 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 28 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6.075 ± 0.01 d
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1952 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
57Ni
| Mass Number | 57 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 29 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | -0.53166666666667 ± 0.00093333333333333
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 35.6 ± 0.06 h
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1938 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
58Ni
| Mass Number | 58 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 30 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 68.0769 ± 0.019
|
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1921 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2β+ (double β+ decay) |
59Ni
| Mass Number | 59 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 31 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 81 ± 5 ky
|
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
60Ni
| Mass Number | 60 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 32 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 26.2231 ± 0.015
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1921 |
| Parity | + |
61Ni
| Mass Number | 61 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 33 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | 1.1399 ± 0.0013
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0.162 ± 0.015
|
| Discovery Year | 1934 |
| Parity | - |
62Ni
| Mass Number | 62 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 34 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 3.6345 ± 0.004
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1934 |
| Parity | + |
63Ni
| Mass Number | 63 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 35 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.992 ± 0.01
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 101.2 ± 1.5 y
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1951 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
64Ni
| Mass Number | 64 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 36 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | 0.9256 ± 0.0019
|
| Radioactivity | Stable |
| Half Life | Not Radioactive ☢️ |
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1935 |
| Parity | + |
65Ni
| Mass Number | 65 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 37 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0.276 ± 0.024
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.5175 ± 0.0005 h
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1946 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
66Ni
| Mass Number | 66 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 38 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 54.6 ± 0.3 h
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1948 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
67Ni
| Mass Number | 67 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 39 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 1.202 ± 0.01
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 21 ± 1 s
|
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1978 |
| Parity | - |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
68Ni
| Mass Number | 68 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 40 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 29 ± 2 s
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1977 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
69Ni
| Mass Number | 69 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 41 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 11.4 ± 0.3 s
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1984 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
70Ni
| Mass Number | 70 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 42 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 6 ± 0.3 s
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
71Ni
| Mass Number | 71 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 43 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 2.56 ± 0.03 s
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
72Ni
| Mass Number | 72 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 44 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 1.57 ± 0.05 s
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
73Ni
| Mass Number | 73 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 45 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 840 ± 30 ms
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
74Ni
| Mass Number | 74 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 46 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 507.7 ± 4.6 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1987 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) |
75Ni
| Mass Number | 75 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 47 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 331.6 ± 3.2 ms
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1992 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 10% |
76Ni
| Mass Number | 76 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 48 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 234.6 ± 2.7 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1995 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 14% |
77Ni
| Mass Number | 77 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 49 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 158.9 ± 4.2 ms
|
| Spin | 9/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 1995 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 26% |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
78Ni
| Mass Number | 78 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 50 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 122.2 ± 5.1 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 1995 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
79Ni
| Mass Number | 79 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 51 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 44 ± 8 ms
|
| Spin | 5/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2010 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
80Ni
| Mass Number | 80 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 52 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | 0
|
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | 30 ± 22 ms
|
| Spin | 0 |
| Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
| Discovery Year | 2014 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) | 100% |
| β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | |
| 2n (2-neutron emission) |
81Ni
| Mass Number | 81 |
|---|---|
| Neutron Number | 53 |
| Relative Atomic Mass | |
| G-Factor | |
| Abundance | |
| Radioactivity | ☢️ Radioactive |
| Half Life | |
| Spin | 3/2 |
| Quadrupole Moment | |
| Discovery Year | 2017 |
| Parity | + |
| Decay Mode | Intensity |
|---|---|
| β− (β− decay) |
History
Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC. In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal. In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel. From the German word Nickel (Satan), and from kupfernickel, Old Nick's copper
| Discoverers | Axel Cronstedt |
|---|---|
| Discovery Location | Sweden |
| Discovery Year | 1751 |
| Etymology (Name Origin) | German: kupfernickel (false copper). |
| Pronunciation | NIK-l (English) |
Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic
Nickel is 100 times more concentrated below Earth's crust than in it
Uses
Nickel is used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults. Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets. Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins.
Sources
Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel.
| Abundance | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Earth's crust | 84 mg/kg
|
| Natural Abundance (Oceans) | 0.00056 mg/L
|
| Natural Abundance (Human Body) | 0.00001 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Meteor) | 1.3 %
|
| Natural Abundance (Sun) | 0.008 %
|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.006 %
|
Nuclear Screening Constants
| 1 | s | 0.6474 |
| 2 | p | 3.9048 |
| 2 | s | 7.7874 |
| 3 | d | 15.4705 |
| 3 | p | 13.915 |
| 3 | s | 13.039 |
| 4 | s | 22.2892 |
Also Known As
- Ni
- element 28
- 28Ni
Translations
- Italiannichel
- GermanNickel
- Frenchnickel
- Norwegian Bokmålnikkel
- Dutchnikkel
- Spanishníquel
- Chinese (Traditional)鎳
- Afrikaansnikkel
- Amharicኒኬል
- AragoneseNíquel
- Arabicنيكل
- AzerbaijaniNikel
- BelarusianНікель
- Bulgarianникел
- Banglaনিকেল
- BretonNikel
- Bosniannikl
- Catalanníquel
- CorsicanNichele
- Czechnikl
- ChuvashНикĕль
- WelshNicel
- Danishnikkel
- Divehiނިކަލް
- GreekΝικέλιο
- Esperantonikelo
- EstonianNikkel
- Basquenikel
- Persianنیکل
- Finnishnikkeli
- FriulianNichel
- IrishNicil
- Galicianníquel
- ManxNickyl
- Hakka Chinesenickel
- Hebrewניקל
- Hindiनिकल
- Fiji HindiNickel
- CroatianNikal
- Haitian CreoleNikèl
- Hungariannikkel
- Armenianնիկել
- InterlinguaNickel
- Indonesiannikel
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