Nikkel (Ni)

chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28

Atomic Number	28
Atomic Weight	58.6934
massiarv	58

Group	10
Period	4
Block	d

prooton	28 p⁺
neutron	30 n⁰
elektron	28 e^-

Animated Bohri aatomiteooria of Ni (Nikkel)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Aatomiraadius	135 pm 229 pm
molaarruumala	6,6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
ionic radius	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Van der Waals radius	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283,4 pm
density	8,9 g/cm³ 7 810 kg/m³

Keemilised Omadused

{ERROR}

energia

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
Elektronafiinsus	1,156 eV/particle
ionization energy	7,639877 eV/particle 18,168837 eV/particle 35,19 eV/particle 54,9 eV/particle 76,06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193,2 eV/particle 224,7 eV/particle 319,53 eV/particle 351,63 eV/particle 384,55 eV/particle 429,32 eV/particle 462,8 eV/particle 495,4 eV/particle 571,1 eV/particle 607,02 eV/particle 1 541,05 eV/particle 1 646 eV/particle 1 758 eV/particle 1 880 eV/particle 2 008,1 eV/particle 2 130,46 eV/particle 2 295,6 eV/particle 2 399,259 eV/particle 10 288,8858 eV/particle 10 775,386 eV/particle

aurustumissoojus	378,6 kJ/mol
sulamissoojus	17,61 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	430,1 kJ/mol
elektron

elektronkiht	2, 8, 16, 2

valentselektron	2 ⓘ

elektronkonfiguratsioon	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

oksüdatsiooniaste	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegatiivsus	11,13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 186,15 K
Melting Point	1 728,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
kolmikpunkt
Välimus
värvus	Black #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
Välimus	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Murdumisnäitaja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	90,9 W/(m K)
soojuspaisumine	0,0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity	26,07 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Elektrijuhtivus	14 MS/m
Eritakistus	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Ülijuhtivus
Magnetism
type	ferromagnetic
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Mass)
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Molar)
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie punkt	631 K
Néel temperature
struktuur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
kõvadus	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
Ruumpaisumismoodul	180 GPa
Nihkeelastsusmoodul	76 GPa
Normaalelastsusmoodul	200 GPa
Poissoni tegur	0,31
heli kiirus	4 970 m/s
Klassifitseerimine
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

teine

Gas Basicity	714,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0026
Kvantarv	3F4
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

massiarv	48
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,8 ± 0,8 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	2000
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

massiarv	49
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	7,5 ± 1 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1996
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

massiarv	50
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	18,5 ± 1,2 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1994
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

massiarv	51
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	23,8 ± 0,2 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

massiarv	52
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	41,8 ± 1 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

massiarv	53
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	55,2 ± 0,7 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1976
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

massiarv	54
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	114,1 ± 0,3 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

massiarv	55
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
g-factor	0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	203,9 ± 1,3 ms
spinn	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

massiarv	56
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	6,075 ± 0,01 d
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1952
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

massiarv	57
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
g-factor	−0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	35,6 ± 0,06 h
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1938
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

massiarv	58
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68,0769 ± 0,019
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

massiarv	59
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	81 ± 5 ky
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

massiarv	60
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26,2231 ± 0,015
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	+

⁶¹Ni

massiarv	61
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1,1399 ± 0,0013
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,162 ± 0,015
avastamise aeg	1934
parity	-

⁶²Ni

massiarv	62
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,6345 ± 0,004
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1934
parity	+

⁶³Ni

massiarv	63
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor	0,992 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	101,2 ± 1,5 y
spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

massiarv	64
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,9256 ± 0,0019
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1935
parity	+

⁶⁵Ni

massiarv	65
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
g-factor	0,276 ± 0,024
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1946
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

massiarv	66
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	54,6 ± 0,3 h
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1948
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

massiarv	67
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
g-factor	1,202 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	21 ± 1 s
spinn	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1978
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

massiarv	68
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	29 ± 2 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

massiarv	69
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	11,4 ± 0,3 s
spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1984
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

massiarv	70
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	6 ± 0,3 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

massiarv	71
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,56 ± 0,03 s
spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

massiarv	72
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	1,57 ± 0,05 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

massiarv	73
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	840 ± 30 ms
spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

massiarv	74
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	507,7 ± 4,6 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

massiarv	75
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	331,6 ± 3,2 ms
spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1992
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

massiarv	76
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	234,6 ± 2,7 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

massiarv	77
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	158,9 ± 4,2 ms
spinn	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

massiarv	78
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	122,2 ± 5,1 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

massiarv	79
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	44 ± 8 ms
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2010
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

massiarv	80
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	30 ± 22 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	2014
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

massiarv	81
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

massiarv	82
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

ajalugu

leiutaja või avastaja	Axel Cronstedt
location of discovery	Sweden
avastamise aeg	1751
etümoloogia	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
pronunciation	NIK-l (inglise)

allikas

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (ookean)	0,00056 mg/L
natural abundance (Inimkeha)	0,00001 %
natural abundance (meteoorkeha)	1,3 %
natural abundance (Päike)	0,008 %
Abundance in Universe	0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Nikkel on ChemicalAid

Nikkel (Ni)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Keemilised Omadused

teine

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

ajalugu

allikas

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni