Niķelis (Ni)

ķīmiskais elements ar atomskaitli 28

Atomic Number	28
Atomic Weight	58.6934
Masas skaitlis	58

Group	10
Period	4
Block	d

protons	28 p⁺
neitrons	30 n⁰
elektrons	28 e^-

Animated Bora atoma struktūras modelis of Ni (Niķelis)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Atoma Rādiuss	135 pm 229 pm
molar volume	6,6 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
ionic radius	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Van der Waals radius	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283,4 pm
blīvums	8,9 g/cm³ 7 810 kg/m³

Chemical Property

{ERROR}

enerģija

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
Elektrontieksme	1,156 eV/particle
jonizācijas potenciāls	7,639877 eV/particle 18,168837 eV/particle 35,19 eV/particle 54,9 eV/particle 76,06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193,2 eV/particle 224,7 eV/particle 319,53 eV/particle 351,63 eV/particle 384,55 eV/particle 429,32 eV/particle 462,8 eV/particle 495,4 eV/particle 571,1 eV/particle 607,02 eV/particle 1 541,05 eV/particle 1 646 eV/particle 1 758 eV/particle 1 880 eV/particle 2 008,1 eV/particle 2 130,46 eV/particle 2 295,6 eV/particle 2 399,259 eV/particle 10 288,8858 eV/particle 10 775,386 eV/particle

enthalpy of vaporization	378,6 kJ/mol
enthalpy of fusion	17,61 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	430,1 kJ/mol
elektrons

electron shell	2, 8, 16, 2

vērtības elektrons	2 ⓘ

elektronu konfigurācija	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Oksidēšanas pakāpe	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitāte	11,13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
fundamentālais agregātstāvoklis

agregātstāvoklis
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3 186,15 K
Melting Point	1 728,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trīskāršais punkts
appearance
krāsa	Black #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Laušanas koeficients
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	90,9 W/(m K)
Termiskā izplešanās	0,0000134 1/K
Molārā siltumietilpība	26,07 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
electrical conductivity	14 MS/m
īpatnējā pretestība	0,00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Supravadītspēja
Magnētisms
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curie temperature	631 K
Néel temperature
struktūra
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3,52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
Cietība	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
tilpuma elastības modulis	180 GPa
shear modulus	76 GPa
Junga modulis	200 GPa
Poisson's ratio	0,31
skaņas ātrums	4 970 m/s
klasifikācija
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	714,1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0026
quantum number	3F4
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

Masas skaitlis	48
neutron number	20
Relative Atomic Mass	48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,8 ± 0,8 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	2000
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

Masas skaitlis	49
neutron number	21
Relative Atomic Mass	49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	7,5 ± 1 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1996
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

Masas skaitlis	50
neutron number	22
Relative Atomic Mass	49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	18,5 ± 1,2 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1994
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

Masas skaitlis	51
neutron number	23
Relative Atomic Mass	50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	23,8 ± 0,2 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

Masas skaitlis	52
neutron number	24
Relative Atomic Mass	51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	41,8 ± 1 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

Masas skaitlis	53
neutron number	25
Relative Atomic Mass	52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	55,2 ± 0,7 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1976
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

Masas skaitlis	54
neutron number	26
Relative Atomic Mass	53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	114,1 ± 0,3 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

Masas skaitlis	55
neutron number	27
Relative Atomic Mass	54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
g-factor	0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	203,9 ± 1,3 ms
spins	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1972
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

Masas skaitlis	56
neutron number	28
Relative Atomic Mass	55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	6,075 ± 0,01 d
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1952
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

Masas skaitlis	57
neutron number	29
Relative Atomic Mass	56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
g-factor	-0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	35,6 ± 0,06 h
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1938
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

Masas skaitlis	58
neutron number	30
Relative Atomic Mass	57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68,0769 ± 0,019
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1921
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

Masas skaitlis	59
neutron number	31
Relative Atomic Mass	58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	81 ± 5 ky
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

Masas skaitlis	60
neutron number	32
Relative Atomic Mass	59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26,2231 ± 0,015
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1921
parity	+

⁶¹Ni

Masas skaitlis	61
neutron number	33
Relative Atomic Mass	60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1,1399 ± 0,0013
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,162 ± 0,015
atklāšanas datums	1934
parity	-

⁶²Ni

Masas skaitlis	62
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3,6345 ± 0,004
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1934
parity	+

⁶³Ni

Masas skaitlis	63
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
g-factor	0,992 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	101,2 ± 1,5 y
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1951
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

Masas skaitlis	64
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0,9256 ± 0,0019
radioaktivitāte	stable isotope
Pussabrukšanas periods	Not Radioactive ☢️
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1935
parity	+

⁶⁵Ni

Masas skaitlis	65
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
g-factor	0,276 ± 0,024
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1946
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

Masas skaitlis	66
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	54,6 ± 0,3 h
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1948
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

Masas skaitlis	67
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
g-factor	1,202 ± 0,01
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	21 ± 1 s
spins	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1978
parity	-

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

Masas skaitlis	68
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	29 ± 2 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1977
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

Masas skaitlis	69
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	11,4 ± 0,3 s
spins	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1984
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

Masas skaitlis	70
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	6 ± 0,3 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

Masas skaitlis	71
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	2,56 ± 0,03 s
spins	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

Masas skaitlis	72
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	1,57 ± 0,05 s
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

Masas skaitlis	73
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	840 ± 30 ms
spins	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

Masas skaitlis	74
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	507,7 ± 4,6 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1987
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

Masas skaitlis	75
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	331,6 ± 3,2 ms
spins	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1992
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

Masas skaitlis	76
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	234,6 ± 2,7 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

Masas skaitlis	77
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	158,9 ± 4,2 ms
spins	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

Masas skaitlis	78
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	122,2 ± 5,1 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	1995
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

Masas skaitlis	79
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	44 ± 8 ms
spins	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2010
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

Masas skaitlis	80
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods	30 ± 22 ms
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	2014
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

Masas skaitlis	81
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
atklāšanas datums	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

Masas skaitlis	82
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktivitāte	☢️ radioactive element
Pussabrukšanas periods
spins	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
atklāšanas datums	2017
parity	+

decay mode	intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

vēsture

atklājējs vai izgudrotājs	Axel Cronstedt
atraduma atrašanās vieta	Sweden
atklāšanas datums	1751
Etimoloģija	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
izruna	NIK-l (angļu)

avots

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (okeāns)	0,00056 mg/L
natural abundance (cilvēka ķermenis)	0,00001 %
natural abundance (meteoroīds)	1,3 %
natural abundance (Saule)	0,008 %
Abundance in Universe	0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Niķelis on ChemicalAid

Niķelis (Ni)

Fizikāla Īpašība

Chemical Property

other

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

vēsture

avots

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni