Nikel (Ni)

chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28

Atomic Number	28
Atomic Weight	58.6934
Nombor jisim	58

Group	10
Period	4
Block	d

proton	28 p⁺
neutron	30 n⁰
Elektron	28 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	135 pm 229 pm
molar volume	6.6 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	110 pm 101 pm 101 pm 135 pm 124 pm
Metallic Radius	115 pm 124 pm
ionic radius	55 pm 49 pm 63 pm 69 pm 56 pm 60 pm 48 pm
Crystal Radius	69 pm 63 pm 77 pm 83 pm 70 pm 74 pm 62 pm
Jejari van der Waals	200 pm 197 pm 222 pm 283.4 pm
ketumpatan	8.9 g/cm³ 7,810 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity	737 kJ/mol
Pertalian elektron	1.156 eV/particle
ionization energy	7.639877 eV/particle 18.168837 eV/particle 35.19 eV/particle 54.9 eV/particle 76.06 eV/particle 108 eV/particle 132 eV/particle 162 eV/particle 193.2 eV/particle 224.7 eV/particle 319.53 eV/particle 351.63 eV/particle 384.55 eV/particle 429.32 eV/particle 462.8 eV/particle 495.4 eV/particle 571.1 eV/particle 607.02 eV/particle 1,541.05 eV/particle 1,646 eV/particle 1,758 eV/particle 1,880 eV/particle 2,008.1 eV/particle 2,130.46 eV/particle 2,295.6 eV/particle 2,399.259 eV/particle 10,288.8858 eV/particle 10,775.386 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	378.6 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	17.61 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	430.1 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 16, 2

Elektron valens	2 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s²ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s²

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Keelektronegatifan	11.13 eV/particle 0.1472068 1.91
Electrophilicity Index	1.4915353151966217 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	3,186.15 K
Melting Point	1,728.15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
triple point
rupa
warna	Black #a52a2a #50d050 #50d050
rupa	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	90.9 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma	0.0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	14 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000007000000000002 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	ferromagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie	631 K
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	3.52 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	700 MPa 4 MPa 638 MPa
Modulus pukal	180 GPa
shear modulus	76 GPa
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Nisbah Poisson	0.31
Kelajuan bunyi	4,970 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Transition metals
CAS Group	VIIIA
IUPAC Group	VIII
Glawe Number	69
Mendeleev Number	67
Pettifor Number	67
Geochemical Class	first series transition metal
Goldschmidt classification	siderophile

other

Gas Basicity	714.1 kJ/mol
polarizability	49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	373 a₀ 393 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	4.5
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0026
Nombor kuantum	3F4
space group	225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Nickel

Stable Isotopes	4
Unstable Isotopes	31
Natural Isotopes	5

⁴⁸Ni

Nombor jisim	48
nombor neutron	20
Jisim Atom Relatif	48.019515 ± 0.000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.8 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2000
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2p (2-proton emission)	70%
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	30%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁴⁹Ni

Nombor jisim	49
nombor neutron	21
Jisim Atom Relatif	49.009157 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	7.5 ± 1 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1996
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	83.4%

⁵⁰Ni

Nombor jisim	50
nombor neutron	22
Jisim Atom Relatif	49.996286 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	18.5 ± 1.2 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1994
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	73%
2p (2-proton emission)	14%

⁵¹Ni

Nombor jisim	51
nombor neutron	23
Jisim Atom Relatif	50.987493 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	23.8 ± 0.2 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)	0.5%

⁵²Ni

Nombor jisim	52
nombor neutron	24
Jisim Atom Relatif	51.975781 ± 0.000089 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	41.8 ± 1 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	31.1%

⁵³Ni

Nombor jisim	53
nombor neutron	25
Jisim Atom Relatif	52.96819 ± 0.000027 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	55.2 ± 0.7 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1976
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	22.7%

⁵⁴Ni

Nombor jisim	54
nombor neutron	26
Jisim Atom Relatif	53.957833 ± 0.000005 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	114.1 ± 0.3 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁵⁵Ni

Nombor jisim	55
nombor neutron	27
Jisim Atom Relatif	54.951329846 ± 0.000000757 Da
g-factor	0.28 ± 0.0085714285714286
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	203.9 ± 1.3 ms
Spin	7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁶Ni

Nombor jisim	56
nombor neutron	28
Jisim Atom Relatif	55.942127761 ± 0.000000428 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	6.075 ± 0.01 d
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1952
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁷Ni

Nombor jisim	57
nombor neutron	29
Jisim Atom Relatif	56.939791394 ± 0.000000608 Da
g-factor	-0.53166666666667 ± 0.00093333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	35.6 ± 0.06 h
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1938
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁵⁸Ni

Nombor jisim	58
nombor neutron	30
Jisim Atom Relatif	57.93534165 ± 0.000000374 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	68.0769 ± 0.019
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
2β⁺ (double β⁺ decay)

⁵⁹Ni

Nombor jisim	59
nombor neutron	31
Jisim Atom Relatif	58.934345442 ± 0.000000376 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	81 ± 5 ky
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁶⁰Ni

Nombor jisim	60
nombor neutron	32
Jisim Atom Relatif	59.930785129 ± 0.000000378 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	26.2231 ± 0.015
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	+

⁶¹Ni

Nombor jisim	61
nombor neutron	33
Jisim Atom Relatif	60.931054819 ± 0.000000381 Da
g-factor
natural abundance	1.1399 ± 0.0013
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.162 ± 0.015
tarikh penemuan	1934
parity	-

⁶²Ni

Nombor jisim	62
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	61.928344753 ± 0.000000455 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	3.6345 ± 0.004
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1934
parity	+

⁶³Ni

Nombor jisim	63
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	62.929669021 ± 0.000000457 Da
g-factor	0.992 ± 0.01
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	101.2 ± 1.5 y
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁴Ni

Nombor jisim	64
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	63.927966228 ± 0.000000497 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance	0.9256 ± 0.0019
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1935
parity	+

⁶⁵Ni

Nombor jisim	65
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	64.930084585 ± 0.000000518 Da
g-factor	0.276 ± 0.024
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.5175 ± 0.0005 h
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1946
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁶Ni

Nombor jisim	66
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	65.929139333 ± 0.0000015 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	54.6 ± 0.3 h
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1948
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁷Ni

Nombor jisim	67
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	66.931569413 ± 0.0000031 Da
g-factor	1.202 ± 0.01
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	21 ± 1 s
Spin	1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1978
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁸Ni

Nombor jisim	68
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	67.931868787 ± 0.0000032 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	29 ± 2 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁶⁹Ni

Nombor jisim	69
nombor neutron	41
Jisim Atom Relatif	68.935610267 ± 0.000004 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	11.4 ± 0.3 s
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1984
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷⁰Ni

Nombor jisim	70
nombor neutron	42
Jisim Atom Relatif	69.9364313 ± 0.000002301 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	6 ± 0.3 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷¹Ni

Nombor jisim	71
nombor neutron	43
Jisim Atom Relatif	70.940518962 ± 0.000002401 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.56 ± 0.03 s
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁷²Ni

Nombor jisim	72
nombor neutron	44
Jisim Atom Relatif	71.941785924 ± 0.000002401 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.57 ± 0.05 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷³Ni

Nombor jisim	73
nombor neutron	45
Jisim Atom Relatif	72.946206681 ± 0.000002601 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	840 ± 30 ms
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁴Ni

Nombor jisim	74
nombor neutron	46
Jisim Atom Relatif	73.947718 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	507.7 ± 4.6 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1987
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁷⁵Ni

Nombor jisim	75
nombor neutron	47
Jisim Atom Relatif	74.952506 ± 0.000215 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	331.6 ± 3.2 ms
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1992
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10%

⁷⁶Ni

Nombor jisim	76
nombor neutron	48
Jisim Atom Relatif	75.954707 ± 0.000322 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	234.6 ± 2.7 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14%

⁷⁷Ni

Nombor jisim	77
nombor neutron	49
Jisim Atom Relatif	76.959903 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	158.9 ± 4.2 ms
Spin	9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	26%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁸Ni

Nombor jisim	78
nombor neutron	50
Jisim Atom Relatif	77.962555 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	122.2 ± 5.1 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁷⁹Ni

Nombor jisim	79
nombor neutron	51
Jisim Atom Relatif	78.969769 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	44 ± 8 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸⁰Ni

Nombor jisim	80
nombor neutron	52
Jisim Atom Relatif	79.975051 ± 0.000644 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	30 ± 22 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2014
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁸¹Ni

Nombor jisim	81
nombor neutron	53
Jisim Atom Relatif	80.982727 ± 0.000751 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

⁸²Ni

Nombor jisim	82
nombor neutron	54
Jisim Atom Relatif	81.988492 ± 0.000859 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	Axel Cronstedt
tempat penemuan	Sweden
tarikh penemuan	1751
Etimologi	German: kupfernickel (false copper).
sebutan	NIK-l (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	84 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.00056 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.00001 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	1.3 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.008 %
Abundance in Universe	0.006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.6474
2	p	3.9048
2	s	7.7874
3	d	15.4705
3	p	13.915
3	s	13.039
4	s	22.2892

Nikel on ChemicalAid

Nikel (Ni)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Nickel

48Ni

49Ni

50Ni

51Ni

52Ni

53Ni

54Ni

55Ni

56Ni

57Ni

58Ni

59Ni

60Ni

61Ni

62Ni

63Ni

64Ni

65Ni

66Ni

67Ni

68Ni

69Ni

70Ni

71Ni

72Ni

73Ni

74Ni

75Ni

76Ni

77Ni

78Ni

79Ni

80Ni

81Ni

82Ni

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁴⁸Ni

⁴⁹Ni

⁵⁰Ni

⁵¹Ni

⁵²Ni

⁵³Ni

⁵⁴Ni

⁵⁵Ni

⁵⁶Ni

⁵⁷Ni

⁵⁸Ni

⁵⁹Ni

⁶⁰Ni

⁶¹Ni

⁶²Ni

⁶³Ni

⁶⁴Ni

⁶⁵Ni

⁶⁶Ni

⁶⁷Ni

⁶⁸Ni

⁶⁹Ni

⁷⁰Ni

⁷¹Ni

⁷²Ni

⁷³Ni

⁷⁴Ni

⁷⁵Ni

⁷⁶Ni

⁷⁷Ni

⁷⁸Ni

⁷⁹Ni

⁸⁰Ni

⁸¹Ni

⁸²Ni