Nickel

Nickel (Ni)

grundämne
Atomnummer28
Atommassa58.6934
masstal58
Grupp10
Period4
Blockd
Protoner28 p+
Neutroner30 n0
Electrons28 e-
Animated Bohrs atommodell of Ni (Nickel)

Egenskaper

atomradie
135 pm
molvolym
kovalent radie
110 pm
Metallic Radius
115 pm
ionic radius
55 pm
Crystal Radius
69 pm
Van der Waalsradie
197 pm
densitet
8,9 g/cm³
energi
proton affinity
737 kJ/mol
Elektronaffinitet
joniseringsenergi
7,639877 eV/particle
joniseringsenergi of Ni (Nickel)
ångbildningsvärme
378,6 kJ/mol
smältvärme
17,61 kJ/mol
Bildningsentalpi
430,1 kJ/mol
Electrons
electron shell2, 8, 16, 2
Bohrs atommodell: Ni (Nickel)
valenselektron2
elektronkonfiguration[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Enhanced Bohrs atommodell of Ni (Nickel)
Orbital Diagram of Ni (Nickel)
oxidationstal-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
elektronegativitet
1.91
Electrophilicity
1,4915353151966217 eV/particle
Phases
aggregationstillståndFast
Gas Phase
Kokpunkt
3 186,15 K
Smältpunkt
1 728,15 K
critical pressure
critical temperature
trippelpunkt
Visual
färg
Grå
appearancelustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Brytningsindex
materialegenskap
Värmeledningsförmåga
90,9 W/(m K)
termisk expansion
0,0000134 1/K
molar heat capacity
26,07 J/(mol K)
Specifik värmekapacitet
0,444 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
elektrisk konduktivitet
14 MS/m
resistivitet
0,00000007000000000002 m Ω
supraledare
magnetism
typeferromagnetic
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Mass)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Molar)
magnetisk susceptibilitet (Volume)
magnetic ordering
Curiepunkten
631 K
Néel temperature
Structure
KristallstrukturYtcentrerat kubiskt (FCC)
Gitterkonstant
3,52 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mekanisk materialegenskap
hårdhet
4 MPa
Kompressibilitet
180 GPa
skjuvmodul
76 GPa
Young's modulus
200 GPa
Poissons konstant
0,31
ljudhastighet
4 970 m/s
klassificering
KategoriÖvergångsmetaller, Transition metals
CAS GroupVIIIA
IUPAC GroupVIII
Glawe Number69
Mendeleev Number67
Pettifor Number67
Geochemical Classfirst series transition metal
Goldschmidt classificationsiderophile
övrigt
Gas Basicity
714,1 kJ/mol
Dipole Polarizability
49 ± 3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
373 a₀
Allotropes
Träffyta
4,5
Neutron Mass Absorption
0,0026
kvanttal3F4
rymdgrupp225 (Fm_3m)

Nickelisotoper

Stabila isotoper5
Instabila isotoper30
Radioactive Isotopes30

48Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
48,019515 ± 0,000455 Da
masstal48
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
2,8 ± 0,8 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2000
Paritet+

48Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
2p (2-proton emission)70%
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)30%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

49Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
49,009157 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal49
g-factor
Halveringstid
7,5 ± 1 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1996
Paritet-

49Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)83.4%

50Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
49,996286 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal50
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
18,5 ± 1,2 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1994
Paritet+

50Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)73%
2p (2-proton emission)14%

51Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
50,987493 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal51
g-factor
Halveringstid
23,8 ± 0,2 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet-

51Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)87.2%
2p (2-proton emission)0.5%

52Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
51,975781 ± 0,000089 Da
masstal52
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
41,8 ± 1 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

52Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)31.1%

53Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
52,96819 ± 0,000027 Da
masstal53
g-factor
Halveringstid
55,2 ± 0,7 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1976
Paritet-

53Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)22.7%

54Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
53,957833 ± 0,000005 Da
masstal54
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
114,1 ± 0,3 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

54Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)%

55Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
54,951329846 ± 0,000000757 Da
masstal55
g-factor
0,28 ± 0,0085714285714286
Halveringstid
203,9 ± 1,3 ms
Spinn7/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1972
Paritet-

55Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

56Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
55,942127761 ± 0,000000428 Da
masstal56
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
6,075 ± 0,01 d
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1952
Paritet+

56Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

57Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
56,939791394 ± 0,000000608 Da
masstal57
g-factor
−0,53166666666667 ± 0,00093333333333333
Halveringstid
35,6 ± 0,06 h
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1938
Paritet-

57Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

58Ni

natural abundance
68,0769 ± 0,019
relative atomic mass
57,93534165 ± 0,000000374 Da
masstal58
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1921
Paritet+

58Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
+ (double β+ decay)%

59Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
58,934345442 ± 0,000000376 Da
masstal59
g-factor
Halveringstid
81 ± 5 ky
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

59Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

60Ni

natural abundance
26,2231 ± 0,015
relative atomic mass
59,930785129 ± 0,000000378 Da
masstal60
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1921
Paritet+

61Ni

natural abundance
1,1399 ± 0,0013
relative atomic mass
60,931054819 ± 0,000000381 Da
masstal61
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0,162 ± 0,015
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet-

62Ni

natural abundance
3,6345 ± 0,004
relative atomic mass
61,928344753 ± 0,000000455 Da
masstal62
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1934
Paritet+

63Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
62,929669021 ± 0,000000457 Da
masstal63
g-factor
0,992 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
101,2 ± 1,5 y
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1951
Paritet-

63Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

64Ni

natural abundance
0,9256 ± 0,0019
relative atomic mass
63,927966228 ± 0,000000497 Da
masstal64
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1935
Paritet+

65Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
64,930084585 ± 0,000000518 Da
masstal65
g-factor
0,276 ± 0,024
Halveringstid
2,5175 ± 0,0005 h
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1946
Paritet-

65Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

66Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
65,929139333 ± 0,0000015 Da
masstal66
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
54,6 ± 0,3 h
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1948
Paritet+

66Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

67Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
66,931569413 ± 0,0000031 Da
masstal67
g-factor
1,202 ± 0,01
Halveringstid
21 ± 1 s
Spinn1/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1978
Paritet-

67Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

68Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
67,931868787 ± 0,0000032 Da
masstal68
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
29 ± 2 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1977
Paritet+

68Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

69Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
68,935610267 ± 0,000004 Da
masstal69
g-factor
Halveringstid
11,4 ± 0,3 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1984
Paritet+

69Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

70Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
69,9364313 ± 0,000002301 Da
masstal70
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
6 ± 0,3 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

70Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

71Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
70,940518962 ± 0,000002401 Da
masstal71
g-factor
Halveringstid
2,56 ± 0,03 s
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

71Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%

72Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
71,941785924 ± 0,000002401 Da
masstal72
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
1,57 ± 0,05 s
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

72Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

73Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
72,946206681 ± 0,000002601 Da
masstal73
g-factor
Halveringstid
840 ± 30 ms
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

73Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

74Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
73,947718 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal74
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
507,7 ± 4,6 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1987
Paritet+

74Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%

75Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
74,952506 ± 0,000215 Da
masstal75
g-factor
Halveringstid
331,6 ± 3,2 ms
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1992
Paritet+

75Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)10%

76Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
75,954707 ± 0,000322 Da
masstal76
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
234,6 ± 2,7 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet+

76Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)14%

77Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
76,959903 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal77
g-factor
Halveringstid
158,9 ± 4,2 ms
Spinn9/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet+

77Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)26%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

78Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
77,962555 ± 0,000429 Da
masstal78
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
122,2 ± 5,1 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum1995
Paritet+

78Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

79Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
78,969769 ± 0,000537 Da
masstal79
g-factor
Halveringstid
44 ± 8 ms
Spinn5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2010
Paritet+

79Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

80Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
79,975051 ± 0,000644 Da
masstal80
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
30 ± 22 ms
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2014
Paritet+

80Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)%
2n (2-neutron emission)%

81Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
80,982727 ± 0,000751 Da
masstal81
g-factor
Halveringstid
Spinn3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
upptäcktsdatum2017
Paritet+

81Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%

82Ni

natural abundanceRadioactive ☢️
relative atomic mass
81,988492 ± 0,000859 Da
masstal82
g-factor
0
Halveringstid
Spinn0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
upptäcktsdatum2017
Paritet+

82Ni Decay Modes
decay modeIntensitet
β (β decay)%
Electrolytic nickel.jpg

historia

upptäckare eller uppfinnareAxel Cronstedt
fyndplatsSweden
upptäcktsdatum1751
etymologiGerman: kupfernickel (false copper).
uttalNIK-l (engelska)

Sources

Förekomst
Abundance in Earth's crust
Abundance in Oceans
0,00056 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body
0,00001 %
Abundance in Meteor
1,3 %
Abundance in Sun
0,008 %
Abundance in Universe
0,006 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.6474
2p3.9048
2s7.7874
3d15.4705
3p13.915
3s13.039
4s22.2892