Atomic Number | 88 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 226 |
Mass Number | 201 |
Group | 2 |
---|---|
Period | 7 |
Block | s |
Protons | 88 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 113 n0 |
Electrons | 88 e- |
Atomic Radius | 215 pm
|
---|---|
Molar Volume | 45 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 201 pm
|
Metallic Radius | |
Ionic Radius | 148 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 162 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius |
283 pm
|
Density | 5 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.1 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.278424 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 113 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 9.6 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 159 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Rn] 7s2 |
Oxidation States | 2 |
Electronegativity |
0.9
|
Electrophilicity | 0.6982685447294388 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | |
Melting Point | 969.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | silvery white metallic |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | |
Molar Heat Capacity | |
Specific Heat Capacity | |
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.000001 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | |
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic () |
Lattice Constant | |
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Hardness | |
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | |
Young Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | |
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
Category | Alkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals |
CAS Group | IIA |
IUPAC Group | IIA |
Glawe Number | 13 |
Mendeleev Number | 10 |
Pettifor Number | 13 |
Geochemical Class | U/Th decay series |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | |
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 13
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | |
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 229 (Im_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 0 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 35 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 35 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 201 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 20 ± 30 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 202 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 4.1 ± 1.1 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2005 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 203 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 36 ± 13 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1996 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 204 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 60 ± 9 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 205 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 220 ± 50 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1987 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 206 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 240 ± 20 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 207 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.38 ± 0.18 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 86% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 208 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.11 ± 0.045 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 209 |
G-Factor | 0.3444 ± 0.0052
|
Half Life | 4.71 ± 0.08 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.39 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 210 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 4 ± 0.1 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 211 |
G-Factor | 0.3496 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 12.6 ± 1.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.46 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 212 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 13 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | % |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 213 |
G-Factor | 1.22 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 2.73 ± 0.05 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1955 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 87% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 13% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 214 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.437 ± 0.016 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 99.941% |
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 0.059% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 215 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.669 ± 0.009 ms
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1967 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 216 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 172 ± 7 ns
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
ϵ (electron capture) | 1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 217 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 1.95 ± 0.12 us
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 218 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25.91 ± 0.14 us
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1970 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 219 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 9 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 220 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 18.1 ± 1.2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 221 |
G-Factor | -0.0716 ± 0.00068
|
Half Life | 25 ± 4 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.92 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1949 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 1.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 222 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 33.6 ± 0.4 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 3% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 223 |
G-Factor | 0.17946666666667 ± 0.00053333333333333
|
Half Life | 11.4352 ± 0.001 d
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.22 ± 0.03
|
Discovery Year | 1905 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 8.9% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 224 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 3.6316 ± 0.0014 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1902 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 225 |
G-Factor | -1.46 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 14.82 ± 0.19 d
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1947 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 226 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.6 ± 0.007 ky
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1898 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
α (α emission) | 100% |
14C | 2.6% |
2β− (double β− decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 227 |
G-Factor | -0.26733333333333 ± 0.00073333333333333
|
Half Life | 42.2 ± 0.5 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.53 ± 0.06
|
Discovery Year | 1953 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 228 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 5.75 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1907 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 229 |
G-Factor | 0.19968 ± 0.00056
|
Half Life | 4 ± 0.2 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 2.99 ± 0.12
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 230 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 93 ± 2 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 231 |
G-Factor | -0.14216 ± 0.00044
|
Half Life | 104 ± 1 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 232 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 4 ± 0.3 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 233 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 30 ± 5 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 234 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 30 ± 10 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− SF (β−-delayed fission) | % |
Radium was discovered by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898. They extracted the radium compound from a uraninite sample. Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne in 1910 through the electrolysis of radium chloride by using a mercury cathode and distilling in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. From the Latin word radius meaning ray
Discoverers | Pierre and Marie Curie |
---|---|
Discovery Location | France |
Discovery Year | 1898 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | Latin: radius (ray). |
Pronunciation | RAY-di-em (English) |