Rubidium (Rb)

Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Rb-97, the naturally occurring isotope, is radioactive. It is highly reactive, with properties similar to other elements in group 1, like igniting spontaneously in air. Discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by W. Bunsen and G.R. Kirchoff.

Atomic Number	37
Atomic Weight	85.4678
Mass Number	85

Group	1
Period	5
Block	s

Protons	37 p⁺
Neutrons	48 n⁰
Electrons	37 e^-

Properties

Energy
Atomic Radius	235 pm 240 pm
Molar Volume	55.9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	210 pm 202 pm 225 pm 220 pm
Metallic Radius	216 pm 248 pm
Ionic Radius	152 pm 156 pm 161 pm 163 pm 166 pm 169 pm 172 pm 183 pm
Crystal Radius	166 pm 170 pm 175 pm 177 pm 180 pm 183 pm 186 pm 197 pm
Van der Waals Radius	290 pm 303 pm 325 pm 303 pm 411.4 pm
Density	1.53 g/cm³ 1,460 kg/m³
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity	0.48592 eV/particle
Ionization Energy	4.177128 eV/particle 27.28954 eV/particle 39.247 eV/particle 52.2 eV/particle 68.4 eV/particle 82.9 eV/particle 98.67 eV/particle 132.8 eV/particle 150.63 eV/particle 277.12 eV/particle 313.1 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 400 eV/particle 443 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 654 eV/particle 706 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 905.3 eV/particle 958.9 eV/particle 1,024 eV/particle 1,080 eV/particle 1,125 eV/particle 1,242.5 eV/particle 1,294.567 eV/particle 3,133.3 eV/particle 3,281 eV/particle 3,442 eV/particle 3,600 eV/particle 3,815 eV/particle 3,988 eV/particle 4,214 eV/particle 4,356.865 eV/particle 18,305.883 eV/particle 18,965.51 eV/particle

Heat of Vaporization	75.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion	2.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation	80.9 kJ/mol
Electrons
Electron Shells	2, 8, 18, 8, 1

Valence Electrons	1

Electron Configuration	[Kr] 5s¹

Oxidation States	-1, 1
Electronegativity	4.177 eV/particle 0.104686 0.82
Electrophilicity	0.7363448717297969 eV/particle
Phases
Phase	Solid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point	961.15 K
Melting Point	312.45 K
Critical Pressure	16 MPa
Critical Temperature	2,093.15 K
Triple Point	312.41 K
Visual
Color	Silver #ff1493 #702eb0 #702eb0
Appearance	grey white
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity	31.06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.363 J/(g⋅K)
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
Type	Conductor
Electrical Conductivity	8.3 MS/m
Electrical Resistivity	0.00000012 m Ω
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Type	paramagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000026 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000222 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)	0.00000398
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure
Crystal Structure	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Lattice Constant	5.59 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties
Hardness	0.216 MPa 0.3 MPa
Bulk Modulus	2.5 GPa
Shear Modulus
Young Modulus	2.4 GPa
Poisson Ratio
Speed of Sound	1,300 m/s
Classification
Category	Alkali metals, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	9
Mendeleev Number	4
Pettifor Number	9
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt Class	litophile
Other
Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability	319.8 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	4,769 a₀ 4,660 a₀
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section	0.38
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0003
Quantum Numbers	2S1/2
Space Group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Rubidium

Stable Isotopes	2
Unstable Isotopes	32
Radioactive Isotopes	32

⁷¹Rb

Abundance
Relative Atomic Mass	70.965335 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	71
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year
Parity	-

⁷¹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%

⁷²Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	71.958851 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	72
G-Factor
Half Life	103 ± 22 ns
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2017
Parity	+

⁷²Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
p (proton emission)	%

⁷³Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	72.950604506 ± 0.000043794 Da
Mass Number	73
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1996
Parity	-

⁷³Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	%
p (proton emission)	100%

⁷⁴Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	73.944265867 ± 0.000003249 Da
Mass Number	74
G-Factor	0
Half Life	64.78 ± 0.03 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1977
Parity	+

⁷⁴Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)	%

⁷⁵Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	74.9385732 ± 0.000001266 Da
Mass Number	75
G-Factor	0.386 ± 0.00066666666666667
Half Life	19 ± 1.2 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.81 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1975
Parity	-

⁷⁵Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	75.935073031 ± 0.000001006 Da
Mass Number	76
G-Factor	-0.372552 ± 0.000011
Half Life	36.5 ± 0.6 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.41 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	-

⁷⁶Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	3.8%

⁷⁷Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	76.930401599 ± 0.0000014 Da
Mass Number	77
G-Factor	0.43622666666667 ± 0.000013333333333333
Half Life	3.78 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.84 ± 0.17
Discovery Year	1972
Parity	-

⁷⁷Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	77.928141866 ± 0.000003475 Da
Mass Number	78
G-Factor	0
Half Life	17.66 ± 0.03 m
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1968
Parity	+

⁷⁸Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	78.923990095 ± 0.000002085 Da
Mass Number	79
G-Factor	1.34292 ± 0.00048
Half Life	22.9 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.12 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1957
Parity	+

⁷⁹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	79.922516442 ± 0.000002 Da
Mass Number	80
G-Factor	-0.0833 ± 0.0007
Half Life	33.4 ± 0.7 s
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.42 ± 0.08
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	+

⁸⁰Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸¹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	80.9189939 ± 0.000005265 Da
Mass Number	81
G-Factor	1.3727333333333 ± 0.00093333333333333
Half Life	4.572 ± 0.004 h
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.48 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	-

⁸¹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸²Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	81.918209023 ± 0.00000323 Da
Mass Number	82
G-Factor	0.554403 ± 0.000016
Half Life	1.2575 ± 0.0002 m
Spin	1
Quadrupole Moment	0.23 ± 0.1
Discovery Year	1949
Parity	+

⁸²Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸³Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	82.915114181 ± 0.0000025 Da
Mass Number	83
G-Factor	0.56984 ± 0.00032
Half Life	86.2 ± 0.1 d
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.24 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1950
Parity	-

⁸³Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸⁴Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	83.914375223 ± 0.000002355 Da
Mass Number	84
G-Factor	-0.6625 ± 0.001
Half Life	32.82 ± 0.07 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.02 ± 0.04
Discovery Year	1947
Parity	-

⁸⁴Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.1%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	3.9%

⁸⁵Rb

Abundance	72.17 ± 0.02
Relative Atomic Mass	84.91178973604 ± 0.00000000537 Da
Mass Number	85
G-Factor	0.541224 ± 0.000016
Half Life
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.276 ± 0.001
Discovery Year	1921
Parity	-

⁸⁶Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	85.911167443 ± 0.000000214 Da
Mass Number	86
G-Factor	-0.8487 ± 0.0008
Half Life	18.645 ± 0.008 d
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.23 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1941
Parity	-

⁸⁶Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.0052%

⁸⁷Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️ 27.83 ± 0.02
Relative Atomic Mass	86.909180529 ± 0.000000006 Da
Mass Number	87
G-Factor	1.8341933333333 ± 0.000053333333333333
Half Life	49.7 ± 0.3 Gy
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.1335 ± 0.0005
Discovery Year	1921
Parity	-

⁸⁷Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁸Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	87.91131559 ± 0.00000017 Da
Mass Number	88
G-Factor	0.253755 ± 0.00001
Half Life	17.78 ± 0.03 m
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	-0.01 ± 0.11
Discovery Year	1939
Parity	-

⁸⁸Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	88.912278136 ± 0.000005825 Da
Mass Number	89
G-Factor	1.5887333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
Half Life	15.32 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.17 ± 0.03
Discovery Year	1940
Parity	-

⁸⁹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁰Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	89.914797557 ± 0.000006926 Da
Mass Number	90
G-Factor	0
Half Life	158 ± 5 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

⁹⁰Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	90.916537261 ± 0.000008375 Da
Mass Number	91
G-Factor	1.4540666666667 ± 0.001
Half Life	58.2 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.19 ± 0.05
Discovery Year	1951
Parity	-

⁹¹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%

⁹²Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	91.919728477 ± 0.000006573 Da
Mass Number	92
G-Factor	0
Half Life	4.48 ± 0.03 s
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	-

⁹²Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0107%

⁹³Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	92.922039334 ± 0.000008406 Da
Mass Number	93
G-Factor	0.56368 ± 0.00064
Half Life	5.84 ± 0.02 s
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.21 ± 0.06
Discovery Year	1960
Parity	-

⁹³Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.39%

⁹⁴Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	93.926394819 ± 0.000002177 Da
Mass Number	94
G-Factor	0.49936666666667 ± 0.0006
Half Life	2.702 ± 0.005 s
Spin	3
Quadrupole Moment	0.2 ± 0.07
Discovery Year	1961
Parity	-

⁹⁴Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10.3%

⁹⁵Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	94.929263849 ± 0.000021733 Da
Mass Number	95
G-Factor	0.5332 ± 0.0012
Half Life	377.7 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	5/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.26 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

⁹⁵Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	8.7%

⁹⁶Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	95.934133398 ± 0.000003599 Da
Mass Number	96
G-Factor	0.73275 ± 0.00085
Half Life	201.5 ± 0.9 ms
Spin	2
Quadrupole Moment	0.3 ± 0.09
Discovery Year	1967
Parity	-

⁹⁶Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁹⁷Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	96.937177117 ± 0.000002052 Da
Mass Number	97
G-Factor	1.2266666666667 ± 0.0013333333333333
Half Life	169.1 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment	0.7
Discovery Year	1969
Parity	+

⁹⁷Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

⁹⁸Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	97.941632317 ± 0.000017265 Da
Mass Number	98
G-Factor	0
Half Life	115 ± 6 ms
Spin	0
Quadrupole Moment	0
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	-

⁹⁸Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.054%

⁹⁹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	98.94511919 ± 0.000004327 Da
Mass Number	99
G-Factor
Half Life	54 ± 4 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1971
Parity	+

⁹⁹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁰⁰Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	99.950331532 ± 0.000014089 Da
Mass Number	100
G-Factor
Half Life	51.3 ± 1.6 ms
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1978
Parity	-

¹⁰⁰Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.15%

¹⁰¹Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	100.954302 ± 0.000022 Da
Mass Number	101
G-Factor
Half Life	31.8 ± 3.3 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1992
Parity	+

¹⁰¹Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁰²Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	101.960008 ± 0.000089 Da
Mass Number	102
G-Factor
Half Life	37 ± 4 ms
Spin	4
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	1995
Parity	+

¹⁰²Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁰³Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	102.964401 ± 0.000429 Da
Mass Number	103
G-Factor
Half Life	26 ± 11 ms
Spin	3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2010
Parity	+

¹⁰³Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

¹⁰⁴Rb

Abundance	Radioactive ☢️
Relative Atomic Mass	103.970531 ± 0.000537 Da
Mass Number	104
G-Factor
Half Life
Spin
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year	2018
Parity

¹⁰⁴Rb Decay Modes

Decay Mode	Intensity
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	%
2n (2-neutron emission)	%

History

German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy. The separation of the metal was tried by Bunsen, but he never got samples with more than 18% of Rubidium. The separation of the metal was only accomplished by George de Hevesy, through the hydrolysis of melted rubidium hydroxide. From the Latin word rubidus, deepest red

Discoverers	R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff
Discovery Location	Germany
Discovery Year	1861
Etymology (Name Origin)	Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
Pronunciation	roo-BID-i-em (English)

Rubidium is not known to be toxic

Rubidium burns with a reddish-violet flame color

Uses

Rubidium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes and as a photocell component. Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color. Rubidium salts are used in glasses and ceramics. Rubidium-87 is slightly radioactive and has been used extensively in dating rocks. Used as a catalyst, photocells, and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes.

Sources

Occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	90 mg/kg
Abundance in Oceans	0.12 mg/L
Abundance in Human Body	0.00046 %
Abundance in Meteor	0.00032 %
Abundance in Sun	0.000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7922
2	p	3.9612
2	s	9.8432
3	d	15.3208
3	p	15.6967
3	s	15.1573
4	p	26.1192
4	s	24.612
5	s	32.0155

Rubidium on ChemicalAid

AEDA subject keyword ID	17540
Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID	300380179
Australian Educational Vocabulary ID	scot/3568
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID	12165566c
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID	rubidium
CAB ID	18779
CAS Registry Number	7440-17-7
CPV Supplementary	AA35
ChEBI ID	33322
ChemSpider ID	4512975
Common Procurement Vocabulary	14773000
DSSTOX compound identifier	DTXCID6047650
DSSTox substance ID	DTXSID4064686
Den Store Danske ID	rubidium
DrugBank ID	11346
ECHA Substance Infocard ID	100.028.296
Elhuyar ZTH ID	030348
Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID	science/rubidium
Encyclopædia Universalis ID	rubidium
Fandom article ID	sto:Rubidium
Freebase ID	/m/025sckv
French Vikidia ID	Rubidium
GND ID	4178576-9
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID	0140247
Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID	3517702
InChI	InChI=1S/Rb
InChIKey	IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
KBpedia ID	Rubidium
Library of Congress authority ID	sh85115684
MeSH descriptor ID	D012413
MinDat mineral ID	52496
NE.se ID	rubidium
Namuwiki ID	루비듐
National Library of Israel J9U ID	987007546156605171
OmegaWiki Defined Meaning	158318
OpenAlex ID	C526903357
PSH ID	5747
PubChem CID	5357696
Quora topic ID	Rubidium
RxNorm ID	1311489
Store norske leksikon ID	rubidium
Treccani ID	rubidio
UNII	MLT4718TJW
WordNet 3.1 Synset ID	14677133-n
YSO ID	38859
ZVG number	7370

Rubidium (Rb)

Properties

Isotopes of Rubidium

71Rb

71Rb Decay Modes

72Rb

72Rb Decay Modes

73Rb

73Rb Decay Modes

74Rb

74Rb Decay Modes

75Rb

75Rb Decay Modes

76Rb

76Rb Decay Modes

77Rb

77Rb Decay Modes

78Rb

78Rb Decay Modes

79Rb

79Rb Decay Modes

80Rb

80Rb Decay Modes

81Rb

81Rb Decay Modes

82Rb

82Rb Decay Modes

83Rb

83Rb Decay Modes

84Rb

84Rb Decay Modes

85Rb

86Rb

86Rb Decay Modes

87Rb

87Rb Decay Modes

88Rb

88Rb Decay Modes

89Rb

89Rb Decay Modes

90Rb

90Rb Decay Modes

91Rb

91Rb Decay Modes

92Rb

92Rb Decay Modes

93Rb

93Rb Decay Modes

94Rb

94Rb Decay Modes

95Rb

95Rb Decay Modes

96Rb

96Rb Decay Modes

97Rb

97Rb Decay Modes

98Rb

98Rb Decay Modes

99Rb

99Rb Decay Modes

100Rb

100Rb Decay Modes

101Rb

101Rb Decay Modes

102Rb

102Rb Decay Modes

103Rb

103Rb Decay Modes

104Rb

104Rb Decay Modes