Strontium

Strontium (Sr)

Strontium is the 38th element in the periodic table and has a symbol of Sr and atomic number of 38. It has an atomic weight of 87.62 and a mass number of 88. Strontium has thirty-eight protons and fifty neutrons in its nucleus, and thirty-eight electrons in five shells. It is located in group two, period five and block s of the periodic table. Soft yellowish metallic element, belongs to group 2 of the periodic table. Highly reactive chemically. Sr-90 is present in radioactive fallout and has a half-life of 28 years. Discovered in 1798 by Klaproth and Hope, isolated in 1808 by Humphry Davy.
Atomic Number38
Atomic Weight87.62
Mass Number88
Group2
Period5
Blocks
Protons38 p+
Neutrons50 n0
Electrons38 e-
Animated Bohr Model of Sr (Strontium)

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius
Molar Volume
Covalent Radius
Metallic Radius
Ionic Radius
Crystal Radius
Van der Waals Radius
Density
Atomic Radii of the Elements: Strontium0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250pmAtomic RadiusCovalent RadiusMetallic RadiusVan der Waals Radius

Chemical Properties

Energy
Proton Affinity
Electron Affinity
Ionization Energy
Ionization Energies of Sr (Strontium)
Heat of Vaporization
Heat of Fusion
Heat of Formation
Electrons
Electron Shells2, 8, 18, 8, 2
Bohr Model: Sr (Strontium)
Valence Electrons2
Lewis Structure: Sr (Strontium)
Electron Configuration[Kr] 5s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2
Enhanced Bohr Model of Sr (Strontium)
Orbital Diagram of Sr (Strontium)
Oxidation States1, 2
Electronegativity
0.95
Electrophilicity Index
States of Matter
PhaseSolid
Gas Phase
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
Triple Point
Visual

Strontium is a Silver. Sr has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #00ff00, and MOLCAS GV of #00ff00.

Color
Silver
Appearance
Refractive Index
Thermodynamic Properties
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index)
Electrical Properties
TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Superconducting Point
Magnetism
Typeparamagnetic
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass)
0.00000000132 m³/Kg
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000000116 m³/mol
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume)
0.00000347
Magnetic Ordering
Curie Point
Neel Point
Structure

The Crystal Structure of Strontium is FCC. The lattice constant of Sr is 6.08 Å. The lattice angles of Element 38 are π/2, π/2, π/2.

Crystal StructureFace Centered Cubic (FCC)
Lattice Constant
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
Mechanical Properties

Strontium has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 MPa. The Shear Modulus of Sr is 6.1 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Element 38 is 0.28.

Hardness
Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Young's Modulus
Poisson Ratio
0.28
Speed of Sound
Classification

The CAS Group of Strontium is IIA. The IUPAC Group of Sr is IIA. The Glawe Number of Element 38 is 15. The Mendeleev Number of Strontium (Sr) is 8. The Pettifor Number of Strontium is 15. The Geochemical Class of Sr is alkaline earth metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 38 is litophile.

CategoryAlkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals
CAS GroupIIA
IUPAC GroupIIA
Glawe Number15
Mendeleev Number8
Pettifor Number15
Geochemical Classalkaline earth metal
Goldschmidt Classlitophile

Other

The Dipole Polarizability of Strontium is 197.2 plus or minus 0.2 a₀. Sr has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 3175 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3230 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 38 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Strontium (Sr) is 1.2. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Strontium is 0.0005. The Quantum Numbers of Sr is 1S0. The Space Group of Element 38 is 225 (Fm_3m).

Gas Basicity
Dipole Polarizability
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
Allotropes
Neutron Cross Section
1.2
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0005
Quantum Numbers1S0
Space Group225 (Fm_3m)

Isotopes of Strontium

Stable Isotopes3
Unstable Isotopes32
Natural Isotopes4
Isotopic Composition8882.58%8882.58%869.86%869.86%877.00%877.00%840.56%840.56%

73Sr

Mass Number73
Neutron Number35
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
25.3 ± 1.4 ms
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1993
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)63%

74Sr

Mass Number74
Neutron Number36
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
27.6 ± 2.6 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1995
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

75Sr

Mass Number75
Neutron Number37
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
85.2 ± 2.3 ms
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1991
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)5.2%

76Sr

Mass Number76
Neutron Number38
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
7.89 ± 0.07 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1990
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)3.4%

77Sr

Mass Number77
Neutron Number39
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.1392 ± 0.0016
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
9 ± 0.2 s
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
1.27 ± 0.05
Discovery Year1976
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)0.08%

78Sr

Mass Number78
Neutron Number40
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
156.1 ± 2.7 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1982
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

79Sr

Mass Number79
Neutron Number41
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.316 ± 0.0026666666666667
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
2.25 ± 0.1 m
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.661 ± 0.006
Discovery Year1972
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

80Sr

Mass Number80
Neutron Number42
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
106.3 ± 1.5 m
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1961
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

81Sr

Mass Number81
Neutron Number43
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
1.086 ± 0.008
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
22.3 ± 0.4 m
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1952
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

82Sr

Mass Number82
Neutron Number44
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
25.35 ± 0.03 d
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1952
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

83Sr

Mass Number83
Neutron Number45
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.237 ± 0.0002
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
32.41 ± 0.03 h
Spin7/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.708 ± 0.011
Discovery Year1952
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

84Sr

Mass Number84
Neutron Number46
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
0.56 ± 0.02
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1936
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
+ (double β+ decay)

85Sr

Mass Number85
Neutron Number47
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.22224444444444 ± 0.00015555555555556
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
64.846 ± 0.006 d
Spin9/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.263 ± 0.014
Discovery Year1940
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
ϵ (electron capture)100%

86Sr

Mass Number86
Neutron Number48
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
9.86 ± 0.2
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1931
Parity+

87Sr

Mass Number87
Neutron Number49
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.24292444444444 ± 0.000024444444444444
Abundance
7 ± 0.2
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin9/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.305 ± 0.002
Discovery Year1931
Parity+

88Sr

Mass Number88
Neutron Number50
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
82.58 ± 0.35
RadioactivityStable
Half LifeNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1923
Parity+

89Sr

Mass Number89
Neutron Number51
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.4592 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
50.563 ± 0.025 d
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
-0.253 ± 0.008
Discovery Year1937
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

90Sr

Mass Number90
Neutron Number52
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
28.91 ± 0.03 y
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1948
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

91Sr

Mass Number91
Neutron Number53
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.354 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
9.65 ± 0.06 h
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.042 ± 0.01
Discovery Year1943
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

92Sr

Mass Number92
Neutron Number54
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
2.611 ± 0.017 h
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1956
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

93Sr

Mass Number93
Neutron Number55
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.3172 ± 0.0008
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
7.43 ± 0.03 m
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.24 ± 0.01
Discovery Year1959
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

94Sr

Mass Number94
Neutron Number56
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
75.3 ± 0.2 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1959
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

95Sr

Mass Number95
Neutron Number57
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-1.074 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
23.9 ± 0.14 s
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1961
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%

96Sr

Mass Number96
Neutron Number58
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
1.059 ± 0.008 s
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1971
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

97Sr

Mass Number97
Neutron Number59
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.996 ± 0.004
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
432 ± 4 ms
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1978
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.02%

98Sr

Mass Number98
Neutron Number60
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
653 ± 2 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1971
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.23%

99Sr

Mass Number99
Neutron Number61
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
-0.174 ± 0.0033333333333333
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
269.2 ± 1 ms
Spin3/2
Quadrupole Moment
0.76 ± 0.04
Discovery Year1975
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.1%

100Sr

Mass Number100
Neutron Number62
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
202.1 ± 1.7 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1978
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.11%

101Sr

Mass Number101
Neutron Number63
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
113.7 ± 1.7 ms
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1983
Parity-

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)2.75%

102Sr

Mass Number102
Neutron Number64
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
69 ± 6 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1986
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)5.5%

103Sr

Mass Number103
Neutron Number65
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
53 ± 10 ms
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1997
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

104Sr

Mass Number104
Neutron Number66
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
50.6 ± 4.2 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year1997
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

105Sr

Mass Number105
Neutron Number67
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
39 ± 5 ms
Spin5/2
Quadrupole Moment
Discovery Year1997
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

106Sr

Mass Number106
Neutron Number68
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
0
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
21 ± 8 ms
Spin0
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year2010
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

107Sr

Mass Number107
Neutron Number69
Relative Atomic Mass
G-Factor
Abundance
Radioactivity☢️ Radioactive
Half Life
Spin1/2
Quadrupole Moment
0
Discovery Year2010
Parity+

Decay ModeIntensity
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
Strontium destilled crystals

History

Strontium was recognized as a new element in 1790 when Adair Crawford and his colleague William Cruickshank analyzed a mineral sample from a lead mine near Strontian, Scotland. The element was eventually isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The isolation was done by the electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide. Named after Strontian, a town in Scotland

DiscoverersA. Crawford
Discovery LocationScotland
Discovery Year1790
Etymology (Name Origin)From the Scottish town, Strontian.
PronunciationSTRON-she-em (English)
Strontium's non-radioactive isotopes are considered non-toxic
Strontium metal turns yellow when exposed to air

Uses

The primary use for strontium is in glass for color television cathode ray tubes. Strontium salts are used in flares and fireworks for a crimson color. Strontium chloride is used in toothpaste for sensitive teeth. Strontium oxide is used to improve the quality of pottery glazes. Used in flares and fireworks for crimson color. Strontium-90 is a long lived highly radioactive fallout product of atomic-bomb explosions.

Sources

Found in minerals celestite and strontianite.

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
Natural Abundance (Oceans)
Natural Abundance (Human Body)
0.00046 %
Natural Abundance (Meteor)
0.00087 %
Natural Abundance (Sun)
0.000005 %
Abundance in Universe
0.000004 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.8089
2p3.9696
2s10.0982
3d15.2738
3p15.8324
3s15.3362
4p26.068
4s24.5556
5s31.9295

Also Known As

  • Sr
  • element 38
  • 38Sr

Translations

  • Norwegian Bokmålstrontium
  • Frenchstrontium
  • Italianstronzio
  • Polishstront
  • GermanStrontium
  • Dutchstrontium
  • Spanishestroncio
  • Norwegian Nynorskstrontium
  • Danishstrontium
  • Hungarianstroncium
  • Afrikaansstronsium
  • Amharicስትሮንቲየም
  • AragoneseEstroncio
  • Arabicسترونشيوم
  • AzerbaijaniStronsium
  • BelarusianСтронцый
  • Bulgarianстронций
  • Banglaস্ট্রনশিয়াম
  • BretonStrontiom
  • Bosnianstroncij
  • Catalanestronci
  • CebuanoEstronsyo
  • CorsicanStronziu
  • Czechstroncium
  • ChuvashСтронци
  • WelshStrontiwm
  • Greekστρόντιο
  • Esperantostroncio
  • Estonianstrontsium
  • Basqueestrontzio
  • Persianاسترانسیم
  • Finnishstrontium
  • FriulianStronzi
  • IrishStrointiam
  • Galicianestroncio
  • ManxStroinçhum
  • Hakka Chinesestrontium
  • Hebrewסטרונציום
  • Hindiस्ट्रोन्सियम
  • Fiji HindiStrontium
  • Croatianstroncij
  • Haitian CreoleEstwontyòm
  • Armenianստրոնցիում
  • Interlinguastrontium
  • Indonesianstronsium
  • Idostroncio
  • Icelandicstrontín
  • Japaneseストロンチウム
  • Lojbanjinmrstronti
  • JavaneseStrontium
  • Georgianსტრონციუმი
  • Kannadaಸ್ಟ್ರಾನ್ಶಿಯಮ್
  • Korean스트론튬
  • KurdishStronsiyûm
  • KomiСтронций
  • Latinstrontium
  • LuxembourgishStrontium
  • LigurianStronsio
  • Lithuanianstroncis
  • Latvianstroncijs
  • Malayalamസ്ട്രോൺഷിയം
  • Marathiस्ट्राँशियम
  • Western MariСтронций
  • MalayStrontium
  • Burmeseစထရွန်တီယမ်
  • Low GermanStrontium
  • OccitanEstronci
  • Punjabiਸਟ੍ਰੌਂਸ਼ਮ
  • Western Panjabiسٹرونٹیم
  • Portugueseestrôncio
  • QuechuaIstronsyu
  • Romanianstronțiu
  • Russianстронций
  • YakutСтронсиум
  • Sicilianstronziu
  • Serbo-CroatianStroncijum
  • Slovakstroncium
  • Slovenianstroncij
  • Serbianстронцијум
  • Saterland FrisianStrontium
  • Swedishstrontium
  • SwahiliStronti
  • Tamilஇசுட்ரோன்சியம்
  • Teluguస్ట్రాన్షియం
  • Thaiสตรอนเชียม
  • TagalogIstrontiyo
  • Turkishstronsiyum
  • Uyghurسترونتسىي
  • Ukrainianстронцій
  • UzbekStronsiy
  • VepsStroncii
  • Vietnamesestronti
  • WarayEstronsyo
  • KalmykСтронциум
  • Yiddishסטראנטיום
  • YorubaStrontium
  • Chinese
  • MacedonianСтронциум
  • Central Kurdishسترۆنشیۆم
  • Gujaratiસ્ટ્રોન્શિયમ
  • Odiaଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋନ୍‌ସିଅମ
  • PiedmonteseStronsi
  • TatarСтронций
  • SomaliIstoroontiyaam
  • Cantonese
  • Literary Chinese
  • Belarusian (Taraskievica orthography)Стронц
  • AlbanianStronciumi
  • AromanianStronțiu
  • KazakhСтронций
  • LimburgishStrontium
  • Newariस्ट्रोन्सियम
  • Nepaliस्ट्रोन्सियम
  • Sanskritस्ट्रोन्सियम
  • Scottish GaelicStrontium
  • LombardStronsio
  • Maltesestronzju
  • AsturianEstronciu
  • Gan Chinese
  • Paliस्ट्रोन्सियम
  • Bhojpuriस्ट्रॉन्सियम
  • Mongolianстронци
  • cdoStrontium
  • Min Nan ChineseStrontium
  • FaroeseStrontium
  • Tibetanསྷྲོན་ཤམ།
  • SundaneseStronsium
  • Portuguese (Brazil)estrôncio
  • Lingua Franca Novastrontio
  • oloStroncii
  • kbpSɩtrɔntɩyɔm
  • KyrgyzСтронций
  • Wu Chinese
  • Northern FrisianStrontium
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Chinese (Taiwan)
  • TajikСтронсий
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • SardinianIstròntziu
  • English (United Kingdom)strontium
  • BashkirСтронций
  • Moroccan Arabicسطرونتيوم
  • Egyptian Arabicسترونشيوم
  • Pashtoسټرونټيوم
  • VenetianStrónsio
  • BikolEstronsiyo
  • CornishStrontiom
  • BalineseStrontium
  • WalloonSitrontiom
  • Skolt Samistrontium
  • Northern Samistrontium
  • Inari Samistrontium
  • Korean (North Korea)스트론티움
  • Urduسٹرونٹیئم
  • ZuluISolombi