Atomic Number | 38 |
---|---|
Atomic Weight | 87.62 |
Mass Number | 88 |
Group | 2 |
---|---|
Period | 5 |
Block | s |
Protons | 38 p+ |
---|---|
Neutrons | 50 n0 |
Electrons | 38 e- |
Physical Properties | |
---|---|
Atomic Radius | 200 pm
|
Molar Volume | 33.7 cm³/mol
|
Covalent Radius | 185 pm
|
Metallic Radius | 191 pm
|
Ionic Radius | 118 pm
|
Crystal Radius | 132 pm
|
Van der Waals Radius | 249 pm
|
Density | 2.64 g/cm³
|
Energy | |
Proton Affinity | |
Electron Affinity | 0.048 eV/particle
|
Ionization Energy | 5.6948672 eV/particle
|
Heat of Vaporization | 144 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Fusion | 9.2 kJ/mol
|
Heat of Formation | 164 kJ/mol
|
Electrons | |
Electron Shells | 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 |
Valence Electrons | 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 5s2 |
Oxidation States | 1, 2 |
Electronegativity | 0.95
|
Electrophilicity | 0.730062406922635 eV/particle
|
Phases | |
Phase | Solid |
Gas Phase | |
Boiling Point | 1,650.15 K
|
Melting Point | 1,050.15 K
|
Critical Pressure | |
Critical Temperature | |
Triple Point | |
Visual | |
Strontium is a Silver. Sr has a CPK of #ff1493, Jmol of #00ff00, and MOLCAS GV of #00ff00. | |
Color | Silver
|
Appearance | |
Refractive Index | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000225 1/K
|
Molar Heat Capacity | 26.79 J/(mol K)
|
Specific Heat Capacity | 0.306 J/(g⋅K)
|
Heat Capacity Ratio (Adiabatic Index) | |
Electrical Properties | |
Type | Conductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 7.7 MS/m
|
Electrical Resistivity | 0.00000013 m Ω
|
Superconducting Point | |
Magnetism | |
Type | paramagnetic |
Magnetic Susceptibility (Mass) | 0.00000000132 m³/Kg
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Molar) | 0.000000000116 m³/mol
|
Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume) | 0.00000347
|
Magnetic Ordering | |
Curie Point | |
Neel Point | |
Structure | |
The Crystal Structure of Strontium is FCC. The lattice constant of Sr is 6.08 Å. The lattice angles of Element 38 are π/2, π/2, π/2. | |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Cubic (FCC) |
Lattice Constant | 6.08 Å
|
Lattice Angles | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Strontium has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 MPa. The Shear Modulus of Sr is 6.1 GPa. The Poisson Ratio of Element 38 is 0.28. | |
Hardness |
1.5 MPa
|
Bulk Modulus | |
Shear Modulus | 6.1 GPa
|
Young Modulus | |
Poisson Ratio | 0.28
|
Speed of Sound | |
Classification | |
The CAS Group of Strontium is IIA. The IUPAC Group of Sr is IIA. The Glawe Number of Element 38 is 15. The Mendeleev Number of Strontium (Sr) is 8. The Pettifor Number of Strontium is 15. The Geochemical Class of Sr is alkaline earth metal. The Goldschmidt Class of Element 38 is litophile. | |
Category | Alkaline earth metals, Alkaline earth metals |
CAS Group | IIA |
IUPAC Group | IIA |
Glawe Number | 15 |
Mendeleev Number | 8 |
Pettifor Number | 15 |
Geochemical Class | alkaline earth metal |
Goldschmidt Class | litophile |
Other | |
The Dipole Polarizability of Strontium is 197.2 plus or minus 0.2 a₀. Sr has a C6 Dispersion Coefficient (CD) of 3175 a₀, and C6 Dispersion Coefficient (GB) of 3230 a₀. The Allotropes of Element 38 is . The Neutron Cross Section of Strontium (Sr) is 1.2. The Neutron Mass Absorption of Strontium is 0.0005. The Quantum Numbers of Sr is 1S0. The Space Group of Element 38 is 225 (Fm_3m). | |
Gas Basicity | |
Dipole Polarizability | |
C6 Dispersion Coefficient | 3,175 a₀
|
Allotropes | |
Neutron Cross Section | 1.2
|
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0005
|
Quantum Numbers | 1S0 |
Space Group | 225 (Fm_3m) |
Stable Isotopes | 4 |
---|---|
Unstable Isotopes | 31 |
Radioactive Isotopes | 31 |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 73 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 25.3 ± 1.4 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1993 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 63% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 74 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 27.6 ± 2.6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1995 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 75 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 85.2 ± 2.3 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1991 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 5.2% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 76 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 7.89 ± 0.07 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1990 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 3.4% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 77 |
G-Factor | -0.1392 ± 0.0016
|
Half Life | 9 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 1.27 ± 0.05
|
Discovery Year | 1976 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission) | 0.08% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 78 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 156.1 ± 2.7 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1982 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 79 |
G-Factor | -0.316 ± 0.0026666666666667
|
Half Life | 2.25 ± 0.1 m
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.661 ± 0.006
|
Discovery Year | 1972 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 80 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 106.3 ± 1.5 m
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 81 |
G-Factor | 1.086 ± 0.008
|
Half Life | 22.3 ± 0.4 m
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 82 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 25.35 ± 0.03 d
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 83 |
G-Factor | -0.237 ± 0.0002
|
Half Life | 32.41 ± 0.03 h
|
Spin | 7/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.708 ± 0.011
|
Discovery Year | 1952 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+) | 100% |
Abundance | 0.56 ± 0.02
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 84 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1936 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
2β+ (double β+ decay) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 85 |
G-Factor | -0.22224444444444 ± 0.00015555555555556
|
Half Life | 64.846 ± 0.006 d
|
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.263 ± 0.014
|
Discovery Year | 1940 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
ϵ (electron capture) | 100% |
Abundance | 9.86 ± 0.2
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 86 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 7 ± 0.2
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 87 |
G-Factor | -0.24292444444444 ± 0.000024444444444444
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 9/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.305 ± 0.002
|
Discovery Year | 1931 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | 82.58 ± 0.35
|
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 88 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | |
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1923 |
Parity | + |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 89 |
G-Factor | -0.4592 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 50.563 ± 0.025 d
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | -0.253 ± 0.008
|
Discovery Year | 1937 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 90 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 28.91 ± 0.03 y
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1948 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 91 |
G-Factor | -0.354 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 9.65 ± 0.06 h
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.042 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1943 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 92 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 2.611 ± 0.017 h
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1956 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 93 |
G-Factor | -0.3172 ± 0.0008
|
Half Life | 7.43 ± 0.03 m
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.24 ± 0.01
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 94 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 75.3 ± 0.2 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1959 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 95 |
G-Factor | -1.074 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 23.9 ± 0.14 s
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1961 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 96 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 1.059 ± 0.008 s
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 97 |
G-Factor | -0.996 ± 0.004
|
Half Life | 432 ± 4 ms
|
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.02% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 98 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 653 ± 2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1971 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.23% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 99 |
G-Factor | -0.174 ± 0.0033333333333333
|
Half Life | 269.2 ± 1 ms
|
Spin | 3/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0.76 ± 0.04
|
Discovery Year | 1975 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 0.1% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 100 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 202.1 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1978 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 1.11% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 101 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 113.7 ± 1.7 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1983 |
Parity | - |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 2.75% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 102 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 69 ± 6 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1986 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | 5.5% |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 103 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 53 ± 10 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 104 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 50.6 ± 4.2 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 105 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | 39 ± 5 ms
|
Spin | 5/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | |
Discovery Year | 1997 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 106 |
G-Factor | 0
|
Half Life | 21 ± 8 ms
|
Spin | 0 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | 100% |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Abundance | Radioactive ☢️ |
---|---|
Relative Atomic Mass | |
Mass Number | 107 |
G-Factor | |
Half Life | |
Spin | 1/2 |
Quadrupole Moment | 0
|
Discovery Year | 2010 |
Parity | + |
Decay Mode | Intensity |
---|---|
β− (β− decay) | % |
β− n (β−-delayed neutron emission) | % |
2n (2-neutron emission) | % |
Strontium was recognized as a new element in 1790 when Adair Crawford and his colleague William Cruickshank analyzed a mineral sample from a lead mine near Strontian, Scotland. The element was eventually isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The isolation was done by the electrolysis of a mixture containing strontium chloride and mercuric oxide. Named after Strontian, a town in Scotland
Discoverers | A. Crawford |
---|---|
Discovery Location | Scotland |
Discovery Year | 1790 |
Etymology (Name Origin) | From the Scottish town, Strontian. |
Pronunciation | STRON-she-em (English) |
1 | s | 0.8089 |
2 | p | 3.9696 |
2 | s | 10.0982 |
3 | d | 15.2738 |
3 | p | 15.8324 |
3 | s | 15.3362 |
4 | p | 26.068 |
4 | s | 24.5556 |
5 | s | 31.9295 |