Rubiidium (Rb)

chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37

Atomic Number	37
Atomic Weight	85.4678
massiarv	85

Group	1
Period	5
Block	s

prooton	37 p⁺
neutron	48 n⁰
elektron	37 e^-

Animated Bohri aatomiteooria of Rb (Rubiidium)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Aatomiraadius	235 pm 240 pm
molaarruumala	55,9 cm³/mol
Covalent Radius	210 pm 202 pm 225 pm 220 pm
Metallic Radius	216 pm 248 pm
ionic radius	152 pm 156 pm 161 pm 163 pm 166 pm 169 pm 172 pm 183 pm
Crystal Radius	166 pm 170 pm 175 pm 177 pm 180 pm 183 pm 186 pm 197 pm
Van der Waals radius	290 pm 303 pm 325 pm 303 pm 411,4 pm
density	1,53 g/cm³ 1 460 kg/m³

Keemilised Omadused

{ERROR}

energia

proton affinity
Elektronafiinsus	0,48592 eV/particle
ionization energy	4,177128 eV/particle 27,28954 eV/particle 39,247 eV/particle 52,2 eV/particle 68,4 eV/particle 82,9 eV/particle 98,67 eV/particle 132,8 eV/particle 150,63 eV/particle 277,12 eV/particle 313,1 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 400 eV/particle 443 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 654 eV/particle 706 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 905,3 eV/particle 958,9 eV/particle 1 024 eV/particle 1 080 eV/particle 1 125 eV/particle 1 242,5 eV/particle 1 294,567 eV/particle 3 133,3 eV/particle 3 281 eV/particle 3 442 eV/particle 3 600 eV/particle 3 815 eV/particle 3 988 eV/particle 4 214 eV/particle 4 356,865 eV/particle 18 305,883 eV/particle 18 965,51 eV/particle

aurustumissoojus	75,8 kJ/mol
sulamissoojus	2,2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	80,9 kJ/mol
elektron

elektronkiht	2, 8, 18, 8, 1

valentselektron	1 ⓘ

elektronkonfiguratsioon	[Kr] 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹

oksüdatsiooniaste	-1, 1
elektronegatiivsus	4,177 eV/particle 0.104686 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0,7363448717297969 eV/particle
fundamental state of matter

phase of matter
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	961,15 K
Melting Point	312,45 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2 093,15 K
kolmikpunkt	312,41 K
Välimus
värvus	Black #ff1493 #702eb0 #702eb0
Välimus	grey white
Murdumisnäitaja
thermodynamic material property
Thermal Conductivity	58,2 W/(m K)
soojuspaisumine
molar heat capacity	31,06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0,363 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Elektrijuhtivus	8,3 MS/m
Eritakistus	0,00000012 Ω*m
Ülijuhtivus
Magnetism
type	paramagnetic
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Mass)	0,0000000026 m³/Kg
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Molar)	0,000000000222 m³/mol
Magnetiline vastuvõtlikkus (Volume)	0,00000398
magnetic ordering
Curie punkt
Néel temperature
struktuur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5,59 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
kõvadus	0,216 MPa 0,3 MPa
Ruumpaisumismoodul	2,5 GPa
Nihkeelastsusmoodul
Normaalelastsusmoodul	2,4 GPa
Poissoni tegur
heli kiirus	1 300 m/s
Klassifitseerimine
Category	Actinides, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	9
Mendeleev Number	4
Pettifor Number	9
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

teine

Gas Basicity
polarizability	319,8 ± 0,3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	4 769 a₀ 4 660 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0,38
Neutron Mass Absorption	0,0003
Kvantarv	2S1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Rubidium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	2

⁷¹Rb

massiarv	71
neutron number	34
Relative Atomic Mass	70,965335 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
p (proton emission)

⁷²Rb

massiarv	72
neutron number	35
Relative Atomic Mass	71,958851 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	103 ± 22 ns
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
p (proton emission)

⁷³Rb

massiarv	73
neutron number	36
Relative Atomic Mass	72,950604506 ± 0,000043794 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1996
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
p (proton emission)	100%

⁷⁴Rb

massiarv	74
neutron number	37
Relative Atomic Mass	73,944265867 ± 0,000003249 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	64,78 ± 0,03 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷⁵Rb

massiarv	75
neutron number	38
Relative Atomic Mass	74,9385732 ± 0,000001266 Da
g-factor	0,386 ± 0,00066666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	19 ± 1,2 s
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,81 ± 0,04
avastamise aeg	1975
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Rb

massiarv	76
neutron number	39
Relative Atomic Mass	75,935073031 ± 0,000001006 Da
g-factor	−0,372552 ± 0,000011
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	36,5 ± 0,6 s
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,41 ± 0,09
avastamise aeg	1969
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	3.8%

⁷⁷Rb

massiarv	77
neutron number	40
Relative Atomic Mass	76,930401599 ± 0,0000014 Da
g-factor	0,43622666666667 ± 0,000013333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	3,78 ± 0,04 m
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,84 ± 0,17
avastamise aeg	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Rb

massiarv	78
neutron number	41
Relative Atomic Mass	77,928141866 ± 0,000003475 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	17,66 ± 0,03 m
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1968
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁹Rb

massiarv	79
neutron number	42
Relative Atomic Mass	78,923990095 ± 0,000002085 Da
g-factor	1,34292 ± 0,00048
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	22,9 ± 0,5 m
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,12 ± 0,04
avastamise aeg	1957
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Rb

massiarv	80
neutron number	43
Relative Atomic Mass	79,922516442 ± 0,000002 Da
g-factor	−0,0833 ± 0,0007
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	33,4 ± 0,7 s
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,42 ± 0,08
avastamise aeg	1961
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸¹Rb

massiarv	81
neutron number	44
Relative Atomic Mass	80,9189939 ± 0,000005265 Da
g-factor	1,3727333333333 ± 0,00093333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	4,572 ± 0,004 h
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,48 ± 0,1
avastamise aeg	1949
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸²Rb

massiarv	82
neutron number	45
Relative Atomic Mass	81,918209023 ± 0,00000323 Da
g-factor	0,554403 ± 0,000016
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	1,2575 ± 0,0002 m
spinn	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,23 ± 0,1
avastamise aeg	1949
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸³Rb

massiarv	83
neutron number	46
Relative Atomic Mass	82,915114181 ± 0,0000025 Da
g-factor	0,56984 ± 0,00032
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	86,2 ± 0,1 d
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,24 ± 0,05
avastamise aeg	1950
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸⁴Rb

massiarv	84
neutron number	47
Relative Atomic Mass	83,914375223 ± 0,000002355 Da
g-factor	−0,6625 ± 0,001
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	32,82 ± 0,07 d
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,02 ± 0,04
avastamise aeg	1947
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.1%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	3.9%

⁸⁵Rb

massiarv	85
neutron number	48
Relative Atomic Mass	84,91178973604 ± 0,00000000537 Da
g-factor	0,541224 ± 0,000016
natural abundance	72,17 ± 0,02
radioaktiivsus	Stabiilne isotoop
Poolestusaeg	Not Radioactive ☢️
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,276 ± 0,001
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	-

⁸⁶Rb

massiarv	86
neutron number	49
Relative Atomic Mass	85,911167443 ± 0,000000214 Da
g-factor	−0,8487 ± 0,0008
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	18,645 ± 0,008 d
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,23 ± 0,06
avastamise aeg	1941
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.0052%

⁸⁷Rb

massiarv	87
neutron number	50
Relative Atomic Mass	86,909180529 ± 0,000000006 Da
g-factor	1,8341933333333 ± 0,000053333333333333
natural abundance	27,83 ± 0,02
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	49,7 ± 0,3 Gy
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,1335 ± 0,0005
avastamise aeg	1921
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁸Rb

massiarv	88
neutron number	51
Relative Atomic Mass	87,91131559 ± 0,00000017 Da
g-factor	0,253755 ± 0,00001
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	17,78 ± 0,03 m
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	−0,01 ± 0,11
avastamise aeg	1939
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁹Rb

massiarv	89
neutron number	52
Relative Atomic Mass	88,912278136 ± 0,000005825 Da
g-factor	1,5887333333333 ± 0,00046666666666667
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	15,32 ± 0,1 m
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,17 ± 0,03
avastamise aeg	1940
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁰Rb

massiarv	90
neutron number	53
Relative Atomic Mass	89,914797557 ± 0,000006926 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	158 ± 5 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Rb

massiarv	91
neutron number	54
Relative Atomic Mass	90,916537261 ± 0,000008375 Da
g-factor	1,4540666666667 ± 0,001
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	58,2 ± 0,3 s
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,19 ± 0,05
avastamise aeg	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁹²Rb

massiarv	92
neutron number	55
Relative Atomic Mass	91,919728477 ± 0,000006573 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	4,48 ± 0,03 s
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0107%

⁹³Rb

massiarv	93
neutron number	56
Relative Atomic Mass	92,922039334 ± 0,000008406 Da
g-factor	0,56368 ± 0,00064
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	5,84 ± 0,02 s
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,21 ± 0,06
avastamise aeg	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.39%

⁹⁴Rb

massiarv	94
neutron number	57
Relative Atomic Mass	93,926394819 ± 0,000002177 Da
g-factor	0,49936666666667 ± 0,0006
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	2,702 ± 0,005 s
spinn	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,2 ± 0,07
avastamise aeg	1961
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10.3%

⁹⁵Rb

massiarv	95
neutron number	58
Relative Atomic Mass	94,929263849 ± 0,000021733 Da
g-factor	0,5332 ± 0,0012
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	377,7 ± 0,8 ms
spinn	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,26 ± 0,09
avastamise aeg	1967
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	8.7%

⁹⁶Rb

massiarv	96
neutron number	59
Relative Atomic Mass	95,934133398 ± 0,000003599 Da
g-factor	0,73275 ± 0,00085
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	201,5 ± 0,9 ms
spinn	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,3 ± 0,09
avastamise aeg	1967
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁷Rb

massiarv	97
neutron number	60
Relative Atomic Mass	96,937177117 ± 0,000002052 Da
g-factor	1,2266666666667 ± 0,0013333333333333
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	169,1 ± 0,6 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0,7
avastamise aeg	1969
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁸Rb

massiarv	98
neutron number	61
Relative Atomic Mass	97,941632317 ± 0,000017265 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	115 ± 6 ms
spinn	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.054%

⁹⁹Rb

massiarv	99
neutron number	62
Relative Atomic Mass	98,94511919 ± 0,000004327 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	54 ± 4 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁰Rb

massiarv	100
neutron number	63
Relative Atomic Mass	99,950331532 ± 0,000014089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	51,3 ± 1,6 ms
spinn	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1978
parity	-

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.15%

¹⁰¹Rb

massiarv	101
neutron number	64
Relative Atomic Mass	100,954302 ± 0,000022 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	31,8 ± 3,3 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1992
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰²Rb

massiarv	102
neutron number	65
Relative Atomic Mass	101,960008 ± 0,000089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	37 ± 4 ms
spinn	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰³Rb

massiarv	103
neutron number	66
Relative Atomic Mass	102,964401 ± 0,000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg	26 ± 11 ms
spinn	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2010
parity	+

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁴Rb

massiarv	104
neutron number	67
Relative Atomic Mass	103,970531 ± 0,000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
radioaktiivsus	☢️ radioactive element
Poolestusaeg
spinn
nuclear quadrupole moment
avastamise aeg	2018
parity

decay mode	Intensiivsus
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

ajalugu

leiutaja või avastaja	R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff
location of discovery	Germany
avastamise aeg	1861
etümoloogia	Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
pronunciation	roo-BID-i-em (inglise)

allikas

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	90 mg/kg
natural abundance (ookean)	0,12 mg/L
natural abundance (Inimkeha)	0,00046 %
natural abundance (meteoorkeha)	0,00032 %
natural abundance (Päike)	0,000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0,000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7922
2	p	3.9612
2	s	9.8432
3	d	15.3208
3	p	15.6967
3	s	15.1573
4	p	26.1192
4	s	24.612
5	s	32.0155

Rubiidium on ChemicalAid

Rubiidium (Rb)

Füüsikalised Omadused

Keemilised Omadused

teine

Isotopes of Rubidium

71Rb

72Rb

73Rb

74Rb

75Rb

76Rb

77Rb

78Rb

79Rb

80Rb

81Rb

82Rb

83Rb

84Rb

85Rb

86Rb

87Rb

88Rb

89Rb

90Rb

91Rb

92Rb

93Rb

94Rb

95Rb

96Rb

97Rb

98Rb

99Rb

100Rb

101Rb

102Rb

103Rb

104Rb

ajalugu

allikas

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁷¹Rb

⁷²Rb

⁷³Rb

⁷⁴Rb

⁷⁵Rb

⁷⁶Rb

⁷⁷Rb

⁷⁸Rb

⁷⁹Rb

⁸⁰Rb

⁸¹Rb

⁸²Rb

⁸³Rb

⁸⁴Rb

⁸⁵Rb

⁸⁶Rb

⁸⁷Rb

⁸⁸Rb

⁸⁹Rb

⁹⁰Rb

⁹¹Rb

⁹²Rb

⁹³Rb

⁹⁴Rb

⁹⁵Rb

⁹⁶Rb

⁹⁷Rb

⁹⁸Rb

⁹⁹Rb

¹⁰⁰Rb

¹⁰¹Rb

¹⁰²Rb

¹⁰³Rb

¹⁰⁴Rb