Rubidium

Rubidium (Rb)

chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37
Atomic Number37
Atomic Weight85.4678
Nombor jisim85
Group1
Period5
Blocks
proton37 p+
neutron48 n0
Elektron37 e-
Animated Model Bohr of Rb (Rubidium)

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom
235 pm
molar volume
Jejari kovalen
210 pm
Metallic Radius
216 pm
ionic radius
152 pm
Crystal Radius
166 pm
Jejari van der Waals
303 pm
ketumpatan
1.53 g/cm³
Atomic Radii Of The Elements: Rubidium020406080100120140160180200220240260280300320pmJejari AtomJejari KovalenMetallic RadiusJejari van der Waals

Sifat Kimia

tenaga
proton affinity
Pertalian elektron
0.48592 eV/particle
ionization energy
4.177128 eV/particle
ionization energy of Rb (Rubidium)
Entalpi pengewapan
75.8 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran
2.2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation
80.9 kJ/mol
Elektron
Petala elektron2, 8, 18, 8, 1
Model Bohr: Rb (Rubidium)
Elektron valens1
Teori ion Lewis: Rb (Rubidium)
tatarajah elektron[Kr] 5s1
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1
Enhanced Model Bohr of Rb (Rubidium)
Orbital Diagram of Rb (Rubidium)
Keadaan pengoksidaan-1, 1
Keelektronegatifan
0.82
Electrophilicity Index
0.7363448717297969 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas
fasa jirimSolid
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point
961.15 K
Melting Point
312.45 K
critical pressure
16 MPa
critical temperature
2,093.15 K
triple point
312.41 K
rupa
warna
Silver
rupagrey white
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity
58.2 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma
molar heat capacity
31.06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity
0.363 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
typeConductor
Kekonduksian elektrik
8.3 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik
0.00000012 m Ω
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
typeparamagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)
0.0000000026 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)
0.000000000222 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)
0.00000398
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal StructureBody Centered Cubic (BCC)
lattice constant
5.59 Å
Lattice Anglesπ/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness
0.3 MPa
Modulus pukal
2.5 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus
2.4 GPa
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi
1,300 m/s
pengelasan
CategoryAlkali metals, Alkali metals
CAS GroupIA
IUPAC GroupIA
Glawe Number9
Mendeleev Number4
Pettifor Number9
Geochemical Classalkali metal
Goldschmidt classificationlitophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability
319.8 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient
4,769 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section
0.38
Neutron Mass Absorption
0.0003
Nombor kuantum2S1/2
space group229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Rubidium

Stable Isotopes1
Unstable Isotopes33
Natural Isotopes2
Isotopic Composition8572.17%8572.17%8727.83%8727.83%

71Rb

Nombor jisim71
nombor neutron34
jisim atom relatif
70.965335 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

72Rb

Nombor jisim72
nombor neutron35
jisim atom relatif
71.958851 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
103 ± 22 ns
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2017
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

73Rb

Nombor jisim73
nombor neutron36
jisim atom relatif
72.950604506 ± 0.000043794 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1996
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)
p (proton emission)100%

74Rb

Nombor jisim74
nombor neutron37
jisim atom relatif
73.944265867 ± 0.000003249 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
64.78 ± 0.03 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1977
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+ p (β+-delayed proton emission)

75Rb

Nombor jisim75
nombor neutron38
jisim atom relatif
74.9385732 ± 0.000001266 Da
g-factor
0.386 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
19 ± 1.2 s
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.81 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan1975
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

76Rb

Nombor jisim76
nombor neutron39
jisim atom relatif
75.935073031 ± 0.000001006 Da
g-factor
-0.372552 ± 0.000011
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
36.5 ± 0.6 s
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.41 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan1969
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%
β+α (β+-delayed α emission)3.8%

77Rb

Nombor jisim77
nombor neutron40
jisim atom relatif
76.930401599 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor
0.43622666666667 ± 0.000013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
3.78 ± 0.04 m
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.84 ± 0.17
tarikh penemuan1972
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

78Rb

Nombor jisim78
nombor neutron41
jisim atom relatif
77.928141866 ± 0.000003475 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
17.66 ± 0.03 m
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1968
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

79Rb

Nombor jisim79
nombor neutron42
jisim atom relatif
78.923990095 ± 0.000002085 Da
g-factor
1.34292 ± 0.00048
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
22.9 ± 0.5 m
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.12 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan1957
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

80Rb

Nombor jisim80
nombor neutron43
jisim atom relatif
79.922516442 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor
-0.0833 ± 0.0007
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
33.4 ± 0.7 s
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.42 ± 0.08
tarikh penemuan1961
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

81Rb

Nombor jisim81
nombor neutron44
jisim atom relatif
80.9189939 ± 0.000005265 Da
g-factor
1.3727333333333 ± 0.00093333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
4.572 ± 0.004 h
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.48 ± 0.1
tarikh penemuan1949
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

82Rb

Nombor jisim82
nombor neutron45
jisim atom relatif
81.918209023 ± 0.00000323 Da
g-factor
0.554403 ± 0.000016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
1.2575 ± 0.0002 m
Spin1
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.23 ± 0.1
tarikh penemuan1949
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)100%

83Rb

Nombor jisim83
nombor neutron46
jisim atom relatif
82.915114181 ± 0.0000025 Da
g-factor
0.56984 ± 0.00032
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
86.2 ± 0.1 d
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.24 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan1950
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)100%

84Rb

Nombor jisim84
nombor neutron47
jisim atom relatif
83.914375223 ± 0.000002355 Da
g-factor
-0.6625 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
32.82 ± 0.07 d
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.02 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan1947
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β+ (β+ decay; β+ = ϵ + e+)96.1%
β (β decay)3.9%

85Rb

Nombor jisim85
nombor neutron48
jisim atom relatif
84.91178973604 ± 0.00000000537 Da
g-factor
0.541224 ± 0.000016
natural abundance
72.17 ± 0.02
Reputan radioaktifIsotop stabil
setengah hayatNot Radioactive ☢️
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.276 ± 0.001
tarikh penemuan1921
parity-

86Rb

Nombor jisim86
nombor neutron49
jisim atom relatif
85.911167443 ± 0.000000214 Da
g-factor
-0.8487 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
18.645 ± 0.008 d
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.23 ± 0.06
tarikh penemuan1941
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
ϵ (electron capture)0.0052%

87Rb

Nombor jisim87
nombor neutron50
jisim atom relatif
86.909180529 ± 0.000000006 Da
g-factor
1.8341933333333 ± 0.000053333333333333
natural abundance
27.83 ± 0.02
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
49.7 ± 0.3 Gy
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.1335 ± 0.0005
tarikh penemuan1921
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

88Rb

Nombor jisim88
nombor neutron51
jisim atom relatif
87.91131559 ± 0.00000017 Da
g-factor
0.253755 ± 0.00001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
17.78 ± 0.03 m
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
-0.01 ± 0.11
tarikh penemuan1939
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

89Rb

Nombor jisim89
nombor neutron52
jisim atom relatif
88.912278136 ± 0.000005825 Da
g-factor
1.5887333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
15.32 ± 0.1 m
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.17 ± 0.03
tarikh penemuan1940
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

90Rb

Nombor jisim90
nombor neutron53
jisim atom relatif
89.914797557 ± 0.000006926 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
158 ± 5 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1951
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%

91Rb

Nombor jisim91
nombor neutron54
jisim atom relatif
90.916537261 ± 0.000008375 Da
g-factor
1.4540666666667 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
58.2 ± 0.3 s
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.19 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan1951
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)

92Rb

Nombor jisim92
nombor neutron55
jisim atom relatif
91.919728477 ± 0.000006573 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
4.48 ± 0.03 s
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1960
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)0.0107%

93Rb

Nombor jisim93
nombor neutron56
jisim atom relatif
92.922039334 ± 0.000008406 Da
g-factor
0.56368 ± 0.00064
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
5.84 ± 0.02 s
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.21 ± 0.06
tarikh penemuan1960
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)1.39%

94Rb

Nombor jisim94
nombor neutron57
jisim atom relatif
93.926394819 ± 0.000002177 Da
g-factor
0.49936666666667 ± 0.0006
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
2.702 ± 0.005 s
Spin3
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.2 ± 0.07
tarikh penemuan1961
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)10.3%

95Rb

Nombor jisim95
nombor neutron58
jisim atom relatif
94.929263849 ± 0.000021733 Da
g-factor
0.5332 ± 0.0012
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
377.7 ± 0.8 ms
Spin5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.26 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan1967
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)8.7%

96Rb

Nombor jisim96
nombor neutron59
jisim atom relatif
95.934133398 ± 0.000003599 Da
g-factor
0.73275 ± 0.00085
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
201.5 ± 0.9 ms
Spin2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.3 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan1967
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)13.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

97Rb

Nombor jisim97
nombor neutron60
jisim atom relatif
96.937177117 ± 0.000002052 Da
g-factor
1.2266666666667 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
169.1 ± 0.6 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
0.7
tarikh penemuan1969
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)25.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

98Rb

Nombor jisim98
nombor neutron61
jisim atom relatif
97.941632317 ± 0.000017265 Da
g-factor
0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
115 ± 6 ms
Spin0
nuclear quadrupole moment
0
tarikh penemuan1971
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)14.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)0.054%

99Rb

Nombor jisim99
nombor neutron62
jisim atom relatif
98.94511919 ± 0.000004327 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
54 ± 4 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1971
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)17.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

100Rb

Nombor jisim100
nombor neutron63
jisim atom relatif
99.950331532 ± 0.000014089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
51.3 ± 1.6 ms
Spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1978
parity-

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)5.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)0.15%

101Rb

Nombor jisim101
nombor neutron64
jisim atom relatif
100.954302 ± 0.000022 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
31.8 ± 3.3 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1992
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)28%
2n (2-neutron emission)

102Rb

Nombor jisim102
nombor neutron65
jisim atom relatif
101.960008 ± 0.000089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
37 ± 4 ms
Spin4
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan1995
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

103Rb

Nombor jisim103
nombor neutron66
jisim atom relatif
102.964401 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
26 ± 11 ms
Spin3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2010
parity+

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)100%
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

104Rb

Nombor jisim104
nombor neutron67
jisim atom relatif
103.970531 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan2018
parity

decay modeKeamatan (fizik)
β (β decay)
β n (β-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)
RbMetal.JPG

sejarah

penemu atau perekaR. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff
tempat penemuanGermany
tarikh penemuan1861
EtimologiLatin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
sebutanroo-BID-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust
natural abundance (lautan)
0.12 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)
0.00046 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)
0.00032 %
natural abundance (Matahari)
0.000003 %
Abundance in Universe
0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1s0.7922
2p3.9612
2s9.8432
3d15.3208
3p15.6967
3s15.1573
4p26.1192
4s24.612
5s32.0155