Rubidium (Rb)

chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37

Atomic Number	37
Atomic Weight	85.4678
Nombor jisim	85

Group	1
Period	5
Block	s

proton	37 p⁺
neutron	48 n⁰
Elektron	37 e^-

Sifat Fizikal

Jejari Atom	235 pm 240 pm
molar volume	55.9 cm³/mol
Jejari kovalen	210 pm 202 pm 225 pm 220 pm
Metallic Radius	216 pm 248 pm
ionic radius	152 pm 156 pm 161 pm 163 pm 166 pm 169 pm 172 pm 183 pm
Crystal Radius	166 pm 170 pm 175 pm 177 pm 180 pm 183 pm 186 pm 197 pm
Jejari van der Waals	290 pm 303 pm 325 pm 303 pm 411.4 pm
ketumpatan	1.53 g/cm³ 1,460 kg/m³

Sifat Kimia

{ERROR}

tenaga

proton affinity
Pertalian elektron	0.48592 eV/particle
ionization energy	4.177128 eV/particle 27.28954 eV/particle 39.247 eV/particle 52.2 eV/particle 68.4 eV/particle 82.9 eV/particle 98.67 eV/particle 132.8 eV/particle 150.63 eV/particle 277.12 eV/particle 313.1 eV/particle 356 eV/particle 400 eV/particle 443 eV/particle 502 eV/particle 550 eV/particle 601 eV/particle 654 eV/particle 706 eV/particle 857 eV/particle 905.3 eV/particle 958.9 eV/particle 1,024 eV/particle 1,080 eV/particle 1,125 eV/particle 1,242.5 eV/particle 1,294.567 eV/particle 3,133.3 eV/particle 3,281 eV/particle 3,442 eV/particle 3,600 eV/particle 3,815 eV/particle 3,988 eV/particle 4,214 eV/particle 4,356.865 eV/particle 18,305.883 eV/particle 18,965.51 eV/particle

Entalpi pengewapan	75.8 kJ/mol
entalpi pelakuran	2.2 kJ/mol
standard enthalpy of formation	80.9 kJ/mol
Elektron

Petala elektron	2, 8, 18, 8, 1

Elektron valens	1 ⓘ

tatarajah elektron	[Kr] 5s¹ⓘ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹

Keadaan pengoksidaan	-1, 1
Keelektronegatifan	4.177 eV/particle 0.104686 0.82
Electrophilicity Index	0.7363448717297969 eV/particle
keadaan jirim asas

fasa jirim
gaseous state of matter
Boiling Point	961.15 K
Melting Point	312.45 K
critical pressure	16 MPa
critical temperature	2,093.15 K
triple point	312.41 K
rupa
warna	Black #ff1493 #702eb0 #702eb0
rupa	grey white
indeks biasan
sifat bahan
Thermal Conductivity	58.2 W/(m K)
Pengembangan terma
molar heat capacity	31.06 J/(mol K)
Specific Heat Capacity	0.363 J/(g⋅K)
heat capacity ratio
electrical properties
type	Conductor
Kekonduksian elektrik	8.3 MS/m
Kerintangan dan kekonduksian elektrik	0.00000012 Ω*m
Kesuperkonduksian
kemagnetan
type	paramagnetic
magnetic susceptibility (Mass)	0.0000000026 m³/Kg
magnetic susceptibility (Molar)	0.000000000222 m³/mol
magnetic susceptibility (Volume)	0.00000398
magnetic ordering
Suhu Curie
Néel temperature
struktur
Crystal Structure	{ERROR}
lattice constant	5.59 Å
Lattice Angles	π/2, π/2, π/2
mechanical property
hardness	0.216 MPa 0.3 MPa
Modulus pukal	2.5 GPa
shear modulus
Young's modulus	2.4 GPa
Nisbah Poisson
Kelajuan bunyi	1,300 m/s
pengelasan
Category	Actinides, Alkali metals
CAS Group	IA
IUPAC Group	IA
Glawe Number	9
Mendeleev Number	4
Pettifor Number	9
Geochemical Class	alkali metal
Goldschmidt classification	litophile

other

Gas Basicity
polarizability	319.8 ± 0.3 a₀
C6 Dispersion Coefficient	4,769 a₀ 4,660 a₀
allotrope
Neutron cross section	0.38
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.0003
Nombor kuantum	2S1/2
space group	229 (Im_3m)

Isotopes of Rubidium

Stable Isotopes	1
Unstable Isotopes	33
Natural Isotopes	2

⁷¹Rb

Nombor jisim	71
nombor neutron	34
Jisim Atom Relatif	70.965335 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁷²Rb

Nombor jisim	72
nombor neutron	35
Jisim Atom Relatif	71.958851 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	103 ± 22 ns
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2017
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
p (proton emission)

⁷³Rb

Nombor jisim	73
nombor neutron	36
Jisim Atom Relatif	72.950604506 ± 0.000043794 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1996
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)
p (proton emission)	100%

⁷⁴Rb

Nombor jisim	74
nombor neutron	37
Jisim Atom Relatif	73.944265867 ± 0.000003249 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	64.78 ± 0.03 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1977
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺ p (β⁺-delayed proton emission)

⁷⁵Rb

Nombor jisim	75
nombor neutron	38
Jisim Atom Relatif	74.9385732 ± 0.000001266 Da
g-factor	0.386 ± 0.00066666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	19 ± 1.2 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.81 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan	1975
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁶Rb

Nombor jisim	76
nombor neutron	39
Jisim Atom Relatif	75.935073031 ± 0.000001006 Da
g-factor	-0.372552 ± 0.000011
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	36.5 ± 0.6 s
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.41 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan	1969
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%
β⁺α (β⁺-delayed α emission)	3.8%

⁷⁷Rb

Nombor jisim	77
nombor neutron	40
Jisim Atom Relatif	76.930401599 ± 0.0000014 Da
g-factor	0.43622666666667 ± 0.000013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	3.78 ± 0.04 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.84 ± 0.17
tarikh penemuan	1972
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁸Rb

Nombor jisim	78
nombor neutron	41
Jisim Atom Relatif	77.928141866 ± 0.000003475 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.66 ± 0.03 m
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1968
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁷⁹Rb

Nombor jisim	79
nombor neutron	42
Jisim Atom Relatif	78.923990095 ± 0.000002085 Da
g-factor	1.34292 ± 0.00048
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	22.9 ± 0.5 m
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.12 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan	1957
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸⁰Rb

Nombor jisim	80
nombor neutron	43
Jisim Atom Relatif	79.922516442 ± 0.000002 Da
g-factor	-0.0833 ± 0.0007
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	33.4 ± 0.7 s
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.42 ± 0.08
tarikh penemuan	1961
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸¹Rb

Nombor jisim	81
nombor neutron	44
Jisim Atom Relatif	80.9189939 ± 0.000005265 Da
g-factor	1.3727333333333 ± 0.00093333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.572 ± 0.004 h
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.48 ± 0.1
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸²Rb

Nombor jisim	82
nombor neutron	45
Jisim Atom Relatif	81.918209023 ± 0.00000323 Da
g-factor	0.554403 ± 0.000016
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	1.2575 ± 0.0002 m
Spin	1
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.1
tarikh penemuan	1949
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	100%

⁸³Rb

Nombor jisim	83
nombor neutron	46
Jisim Atom Relatif	82.915114181 ± 0.0000025 Da
g-factor	0.56984 ± 0.00032
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	86.2 ± 0.1 d
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.24 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan	1950
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
ϵ (electron capture)	100%

⁸⁴Rb

Nombor jisim	84
nombor neutron	47
Jisim Atom Relatif	83.914375223 ± 0.000002355 Da
g-factor	-0.6625 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	32.82 ± 0.07 d
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.02 ± 0.04
tarikh penemuan	1947
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁺ (β⁺ decay; β⁺ = ϵ + e⁺)	96.1%
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	3.9%

⁸⁵Rb

Nombor jisim	85
nombor neutron	48
Jisim Atom Relatif	84.91178973604 ± 0.00000000537 Da
g-factor	0.541224 ± 0.000016
natural abundance	72.17 ± 0.02
Reputan radioaktif	Isotop stabil
setengah hayat	Not Radioactive ☢️
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.276 ± 0.001
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	-

⁸⁶Rb

Nombor jisim	86
nombor neutron	49
Jisim Atom Relatif	85.911167443 ± 0.000000214 Da
g-factor	-0.8487 ± 0.0008
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	18.645 ± 0.008 d
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.23 ± 0.06
tarikh penemuan	1941
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
ϵ (electron capture)	0.0052%

⁸⁷Rb

Nombor jisim	87
nombor neutron	50
Jisim Atom Relatif	86.909180529 ± 0.000000006 Da
g-factor	1.8341933333333 ± 0.000053333333333333
natural abundance	27.83 ± 0.02
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	49.7 ± 0.3 Gy
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.1335 ± 0.0005
tarikh penemuan	1921
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁸Rb

Nombor jisim	88
nombor neutron	51
Jisim Atom Relatif	87.91131559 ± 0.00000017 Da
g-factor	0.253755 ± 0.00001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	17.78 ± 0.03 m
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	-0.01 ± 0.11
tarikh penemuan	1939
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁸⁹Rb

Nombor jisim	89
nombor neutron	52
Jisim Atom Relatif	88.912278136 ± 0.000005825 Da
g-factor	1.5887333333333 ± 0.00046666666666667
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	15.32 ± 0.1 m
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.17 ± 0.03
tarikh penemuan	1940
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹⁰Rb

Nombor jisim	90
nombor neutron	53
Jisim Atom Relatif	89.914797557 ± 0.000006926 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	158 ± 5 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%

⁹¹Rb

Nombor jisim	91
nombor neutron	54
Jisim Atom Relatif	90.916537261 ± 0.000008375 Da
g-factor	1.4540666666667 ± 0.001
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	58.2 ± 0.3 s
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.19 ± 0.05
tarikh penemuan	1951
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)

⁹²Rb

Nombor jisim	92
nombor neutron	55
Jisim Atom Relatif	91.919728477 ± 0.000006573 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	4.48 ± 0.03 s
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	0.0107%

⁹³Rb

Nombor jisim	93
nombor neutron	56
Jisim Atom Relatif	92.922039334 ± 0.000008406 Da
g-factor	0.56368 ± 0.00064
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	5.84 ± 0.02 s
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.21 ± 0.06
tarikh penemuan	1960
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	1.39%

⁹⁴Rb

Nombor jisim	94
nombor neutron	57
Jisim Atom Relatif	93.926394819 ± 0.000002177 Da
g-factor	0.49936666666667 ± 0.0006
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	2.702 ± 0.005 s
Spin	3
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.2 ± 0.07
tarikh penemuan	1961
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	10.3%

⁹⁵Rb

Nombor jisim	95
nombor neutron	58
Jisim Atom Relatif	94.929263849 ± 0.000021733 Da
g-factor	0.5332 ± 0.0012
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	377.7 ± 0.8 ms
Spin	5/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.26 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan	1967
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	8.7%

⁹⁶Rb

Nombor jisim	96
nombor neutron	59
Jisim Atom Relatif	95.934133398 ± 0.000003599 Da
g-factor	0.73275 ± 0.00085
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	201.5 ± 0.9 ms
Spin	2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.3 ± 0.09
tarikh penemuan	1967
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	13.7%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁷Rb

Nombor jisim	97
nombor neutron	60
Jisim Atom Relatif	96.937177117 ± 0.000002052 Da
g-factor	1.2266666666667 ± 0.0013333333333333
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	169.1 ± 0.6 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment	0.7
tarikh penemuan	1969
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	25.5%
2n (2-neutron emission)

⁹⁸Rb

Nombor jisim	98
nombor neutron	61
Jisim Atom Relatif	97.941632317 ± 0.000017265 Da
g-factor	0
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	115 ± 6 ms
Spin	0
nuclear quadrupole moment	0
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	14.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.054%

⁹⁹Rb

Nombor jisim	99
nombor neutron	62
Jisim Atom Relatif	98.94511919 ± 0.000004327 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	54 ± 4 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1971
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	17.3%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁰Rb

Nombor jisim	100
nombor neutron	63
Jisim Atom Relatif	99.950331532 ± 0.000014089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	51.3 ± 1.6 ms
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1978
parity	-

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	5.6%
2n (2-neutron emission)	0.15%

¹⁰¹Rb

Nombor jisim	101
nombor neutron	64
Jisim Atom Relatif	100.954302 ± 0.000022 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	31.8 ± 3.3 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1992
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	28%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰²Rb

Nombor jisim	102
nombor neutron	65
Jisim Atom Relatif	101.960008 ± 0.000089 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	37 ± 4 ms
Spin	4
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	1995
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)	65%
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰³Rb

Nombor jisim	103
nombor neutron	66
Jisim Atom Relatif	102.964401 ± 0.000429 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat	26 ± 11 ms
Spin	3/2
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2010
parity	+

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)	100%
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

¹⁰⁴Rb

Nombor jisim	104
nombor neutron	67
Jisim Atom Relatif	103.970531 ± 0.000537 Da
g-factor
natural abundance
Reputan radioaktif	☢️ radioactive element
setengah hayat
Spin
nuclear quadrupole moment
tarikh penemuan	2018
parity

decay mode	Keamatan (fizik)
β⁻ (β⁻ decay)
β⁻ n (β⁻-delayed neutron emission)
2n (2-neutron emission)

sejarah

penemu atau pereka	R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff
tempat penemuan	Germany
tarikh penemuan	1861
Etimologi	Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
sebutan	roo-BID-i-em (Inggeris)

sumber

Abundance
Abundance in Earth's crust	90 mg/kg
natural abundance (lautan)	0.12 mg/L
natural abundance (Tubuh manusia)	0.00046 %
natural abundance (Meteoroid)	0.00032 %
natural abundance (Matahari)	0.000003 %
Abundance in Universe	0.000001 %

Nuclear Screening Constants

1	s	0.7922
2	p	3.9612
2	s	9.8432
3	d	15.3208
3	p	15.6967
3	s	15.1573
4	p	26.1192
4	s	24.612
5	s	32.0155

Rubidium on ChemicalAid

Rubidium (Rb)

Sifat Fizikal

Sifat Kimia

other

Isotopes of Rubidium

71Rb

72Rb

73Rb

74Rb

75Rb

76Rb

77Rb

78Rb

79Rb

80Rb

81Rb

82Rb

83Rb

84Rb

85Rb

86Rb

87Rb

88Rb

89Rb

90Rb

91Rb

92Rb

93Rb

94Rb

95Rb

96Rb

97Rb

98Rb

99Rb

100Rb

101Rb

102Rb

103Rb

104Rb

sejarah

sumber

Nuclear Screening Constants

⁷¹Rb

⁷²Rb

⁷³Rb

⁷⁴Rb

⁷⁵Rb

⁷⁶Rb

⁷⁷Rb

⁷⁸Rb

⁷⁹Rb

⁸⁰Rb

⁸¹Rb

⁸²Rb

⁸³Rb

⁸⁴Rb

⁸⁵Rb

⁸⁶Rb

⁸⁷Rb

⁸⁸Rb

⁸⁹Rb

⁹⁰Rb

⁹¹Rb

⁹²Rb

⁹³Rb

⁹⁴Rb

⁹⁵Rb

⁹⁶Rb

⁹⁷Rb

⁹⁸Rb

⁹⁹Rb

¹⁰⁰Rb

¹⁰¹Rb

¹⁰²Rb

¹⁰³Rb

¹⁰⁴Rb